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Microbes play key geoactive roles in the biosphere, particularly in the areas of element biotransformations and biogeochemical cycling, metal and mineral transformations, decomposition, bioweathering, and soil and sediment formation. Bioremediation is the application of biological systems to the clean-up of organic and inorganic pollution, with bacteria being the most important organisms for reclamation, immobilization or detoxification of metallic and radionuclide pollutants. The possibility of utilisation of microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) as a potential remedial technology for sequestering divalent metallic contaminants in subsurface environment was explored. Incorporating metals in calcite minerals is a mechanism that may offer long-term removal of metallic cations. This study reports the ability of a bacterium in sand, isolated strains, to remediate range of heavy metal and radionuclide (by using non-radioactive strontium) concentrations in aqueous media and sand by inducing urea hydrolysis and calcite precipitation. The isolated strains showed an improved growth and metal toxicity resistance in presence of urea containing medium. Removal of heavy metals was strongly correlated with full removal of calcium and high pH increase then calcite precipitate was produced, suggesting that urea hydrolysis by bacterial cells did play a role. Finally, it was explored the effects of ground conditions (transport and availability of heavy metals, preferential flow and heterogeneous hydraulic conductivity) on biomineralisation process in porous media. High removal rates were achieved in porous media for Cd, Pb, Cu, and Sr. XRD, SEM and EDX spectrum tests for sand samples showed the presence of calcite in precipitation crystals. The gained results demonstrate that MICP technique is a means of sequestration of soluble heavy metals via co-precipitation with calcite precipitation that can be useful for divalent heavy metal and radionuclides bioremediation.
문학텍스트를 활용한 영어학습 지도방안 연구 : 고등학교 영어과 수업을 중심으로
강창호 漢陽大學校 敎育大學院 1997 국내석사
이 연구는 EFL교실에서 영어교육 자료로서 문학텍스트의 타당성을 밝히고, 설문조사와 고등학교 교과서의 분석결과를 토대로 우리 나라 고등학교 영어수업에서 문학텍스트 활용의 타당성을 검토하고, 문학텍스트의 활용을 통해 고등학교 영어수업의 효율적이고 적절한 수업방안을 제시하는 데 목적을 두고 있다. 먼저 EFL상황에서 문학텍스트 도입의 타당성에 대한 적절한 이유를 분명하게 하기 위해 우선 문학텍스트의 언어학적 특성을 알아 볼 필요가 있다. 사실 문학텍스트는 전반적인 언어기술을 향상시킬 수 있는 언어의 의사소통을 위해 확실하고 훌륭한 자료라고 인식되어 왔다. 그리하여 영어교실에서의 문학텍스트 활용에 관한 논의를 위해 EFL교실에서의 문학지도 목표와 문학텍스트 활용을 위한 선결과제들을 면밀히 고찰하였다. 문학텍스트의 활용은 반드시 학생들의 언어 숙달정도에 관한 문제만이 아니라 이러한 목표에 효과적으로 도달하기 위해서는 교재선택과 수업방식들의 문제들이 먼저 고려되어야 한다. 지금까지의 문헌자료 및 고등학교 영어학습지도에서의 문학텍스트의 활용에 관한 설문을 바탕으로 교재 측면과 수업방법 측면에서의 개선점을 종합 정리하고 우리 나라 고등학생들이 영어 학습 자료로서 가장 선호하는 단편소설을 활용한 실제 수업 방안을 제시해 본 것이다. 문학텍스트가 영어 교육자료로서 충분한 효과를 얻기 위해서는 보다 다양한 측면에서 학생들의 욕구분석이 이루어져야 하고, 그 욕구 분석 결과를 반영한 다양한 교재의 개발이 이루어져야 하며, 학생들과 교사들을 위한 타당성 있는 교재의 선정기준이 마련되고, 고등학교 저학년에서 문학텍스트를 근거로 한 다양한 수업방식이 고안되어야 한다. 결과적으로 문학텍스트는 가치를 지닌 영어교육 자료로 인식되고 문학텍스트 활용의 다양한 방법이 EFL교실에서 사용되고 있다. 따라서 문학텍스트 활용에 대한 교사들의 인식 전환과 다양한 보조 학습 자료 개발이 따라야 할 것이다. 그래서 고등학교 영어교과서의 문학텍스트 활용실태를 조사 분석 결과 교재측면의 개선점으로는 교과서 문학텍스트의 내용 및 주제 또는 소재들의 난이도 문제, 축약된 텍스트로 인한 흥미상실의 문제, 장르의 다양성 결여 문제 등이 지적되었다. 수업방식 측면에서 문학텍스트의 특성이 무시된 채 거의 획일적으로 행해지는 해석 및 문법 분석식 수업 진행 등이 문제점으로 제시된다. 그럼에도 불구하고 다수의 학생들이 문학텍스트에 대해 높은 흥미와 관심을 보이고 있다고 분석되었다.
L4 마이크로커널을 이용한 임베디드 시스템 운영체제의 가상화
강창호 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 2009 국내석사
가상화 기술을 사용하여 한 시스템에서 여러 개의 운영체제를 함께 운용할 수 있으며 데스크탑 및 서버 환경에서 이를 활용한 다양한 기술과 응용이 개발되었다. 최근 임베디드 시스템의 발전으로 인하여 다양한 저가의 임베디드 기기들이 일반 사용자뿐만 아니라 산업전반에 걸쳐 그 활용이 확대되고 있다. 이와 함께, 임베디드 시스템의 다양성을 지원할 수 있도록 가상화 기술에 대한 요구가 임베디드 시스템 분야에서도 빠르게 증가하고 있으며 그 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. OKLab 사는 L4 마이크로커널을 상용화하기 위해 연구 개발하고 있으며 L4 마이크로커널을 하이퍼바이저로 사용하여 가상화에 활용하는 프로젝트를 진행시켜왔다. 이를 통하여 가상화된 리눅스가 포함된 임베디드 시스템 L4 마이크로커널 플랫폼을 개발하였다. 그러나 아직까지 다른 운영체제에 대한 가상화는 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 L4 마이크로커널을 하이퍼바이저로 이용하여 임베디드 시스템을 위한 가상화 플랫폼의 구축과 해당 플랫폼에서 RTOS(Real-Time Operating System)인 MicroC/OS-II의 부분 가상화에 대해 기술하였다. 가상화를 위하여 가상화 초기화 모듈과 인터럽트 가상화 모듈을 설계하고 구현하였다. 또한 가상화되는 운영체제의 하드웨어 종속적인 부분을 수정하여 부분 가상화를 실현하였다. 구현된 가상화 환경의 검증을 위하여 스케줄링 예제와 메일박스 예제 프로그램을 작성하고 가상화 환경에서 수행함을 확인하였다. 실제 가상화된 환경에서의 RTOS의 유용성을 확인하기 위하여 가상화되지 않은 환경과의 인터럽트 지연 시간을 측정 비교하였다. 구현된 환경은 L4 마이크로커널을 하이퍼바이저로 사용하는 다른 운영체제 혹은 다수의 운영체제 가상화의 기본 프레임으로 사용할 수 있다.
The baby boomers constitute the huge population accounting for 7,140,000 persons, 15.2% of the total population as of the end of 2006. If they come to retire from their workplace, the aged population would rapidly increase, amounting to 7,750,000persons, 15.6% of the total population in 2020. According to the questionnaire research, a considerable proportion of the baby-boom generation would hand their own houses down to their children in their old age but move their residence to another place. Seeing that the baby boomers constitute the great proportion of the total population, the magnitude of housing demand and supply would expand very much in 10 years. It is anticipated that the pattern of housing demand and supply will change greatly as the baby-boom generation has a new culture, a characteristics different from the current aged generation. Accordingly, it is very urgent to establish the housing policy considering the location, type and size of residence to provide them with comfortable and convenient residence through the forecasting of the future housing demand of those baby boomers. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze factors such as baby boomers' residence satisfaction and residence choice, elicit the effect of baby boomers' residence satisfaction on residence choice and their causal relationship and grope the supply-side housing policy plan to resolve their residential problem. For this purpose, this study conducted the questionnaire research for the baby boomers living in the region of Ilsan New Town, Gyeonggi Province Seoul through the target group interview method. The factor analysis of structural equation model, confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis were conducted about collected data by using SPSS 12.0 and AMOS 18. Previous studies thus far conducted about such factors as baby boomers' residence satisfaction and residence choice were adopted as the object of this study. This study conducted confirmatory factor analysis about all the factors found in prior research background, experience and previous studies. The comprehensive study was conducted that took them into consideration by eliminating the factors inappropriate to the research model and then setting the model. As a result of confirmatory factor analysis, 10 factors were chosen in the residence satisfaction model determined as the measurement model, and 15 factors were chosen in the model of measuring residence choice factors. And it was found that all the variables were statistically significant. The survey was conducted about the intention to move residence and the opinion about the preferred form of housing before investigating the effect of residence satisfaction on residence choice. About 67% of the responding baby boomers had the intention to move after retirement in the future and about 55% had the intention to move their residence to other areas. It was found that many of the responding baby boomers hoped the rural area of the metropolitan area around Seoul as the preferred dwelling place. About 64 of them wanted their own house, and about 64% wanted to the garden form of detached house. The area of the preferred housing was found to be 34 pyong on average. Confirmatory factor analysis and correlation analysis were conducted to such factors as residence satisfaction and residence choice. An attempt was made to make a statistical analysis of the effect of baby boomers' residence satisfaction on residence choice. As a result, the following conclusion was drawn: First, residence satisfaction relating to such variables as accessibility, health, leisure, stability and neighbor had a statistically significant effect on residence choice. It was found that it had a relatively small effect on blood tie(child problem and hometown). Second, path analysis was conducted by using standardized path coefficients by region in relation to Kangnam and Ilsan areas. As a result, it was found that residence choice was influenced by residence satisfaction factor in order of health, leisure, neighbor, stability and blood tie in the Kangnam area. It was found that residence choice was influenced by residence satisfaction factor in order of stabilit, neighbor, health, leisure, accessibility in the Ilsan area. Based on the findings of research conducted in relation to the retirement of the baby boomers, the matters to be considered at the time of establishing the housing supply policy for baby boomers are as follows: First, it is desirable to supply the small form of residence for only aged couples to live a life away from their children. Second, it is necessary to develop the housing land near the metropolitan area though the facility is fostered to guarantee health, leisure and stability. Third, the rural or suburban area is desirable as the residential area, and is needed to collectivize to form the community. Fourth, it is necessary to take a measure against unplanned development and prepare for sound housing supply as housing supply is anticipated to increase in the area around the metropolitan area, especially the rural area.
강창호 인하대학교 일반대학원 2009 국내석사
식품가공 저장 및 유통 중에서 식중독 유발세균의 오염으로 인한 식중독 사고가 많이 발생하고 또한 항생제의 대량 사용으로 인하여 식중독 유발세균의 내성도 증가하고 있다. 천연물로부터 이런 식중독 유발세균의 생육을 억제함과 동시에 인체에 무독한 항균성 물질을 찾아내어 식품 또는 의약품에 적절히 이용하는 것은 중요한 의의를 가지고 있다. 32가지 천연 생약재의 에탄올 추출물을 식중독 유발세균인 Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus에 대해서 paper disc methods, MIC(Minimum Inhibitory Concentration), 건조필름방법으로 항균활성을 검색한 결과 택사, 독활, 황기, 희첨 등 9가지 생약재가 이들 식중독 유발세균에 대해 항균활성을 나타냈으며, 그 중 희첨은 실험 균주에 대해 우수한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 지금까지 희첨에 대한 항염증, 활성산소 저해, 혈압강하 작용 등에 대한 연구는 보고된 바 있지만, 항균활성에 대한 연구는 이루어 지고 있지 않은 실정이다. 희첨의 E.coli O157:H7과 S.aureus의 MIC는 500 μg/ml로 나타났고, B.cereus와 B.subtilis에 대한 MIC는 125 μg/ml로 강한 항균활성을 나타냈다. 희첨의 항균활성물질의 분리동정에 기초자료를 제공하고자 희첨을 용매분획별로 항균활성을 검색한 결과 n-hexane 추출물에서 S.aures, B.cereus, B.subtilis에 대해 , 100ppm의 낮은 농도에서도 억제효과가 80% 이상 나타내어 매우 높은 항균활성을 보였다. 이를 통해 희첨의 항균활성물질은 극성이 높은 물질일 것으로 사료되며, 그람 양성균에 대한 항균활성 능력이 매우 높다고 사료된다. 식중독 유발세균에 대해 가장 높은 항균활성을 보인 희첨의 n-hexane 추출물을 시판 세제에 응용하여 항균효과를 확인한 결과 S.typhimurium를 제외한 모든 실험 균주에서 기존 시판세제에 비해 항균활성도가 높았으며, 특히 B.cereus에서는 기존 시판세제에 비해 항균활성도가 36.2%가 높았다. In order to do search for anti-microbial agents from Korean medicinal herbs, we tested the growth inhibition effect ethanolic extracts of 15 medicinal herbs on foodborne pathogenic microorganisms (Escherichia coli O157:H7, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Bacillus subtilis, and Bacillus cereus) using disc-diffusion and turbidity assays. Among tested extracts, Siegesbeckiae glabrescens ethanolic extract showed the strongest activity on three tested Gram positive pathogens. The growth inhibition zones of S. glabrescens (1,000 ppm) against S. aureus, B. cereus, and B. subtilis were 12.0, 13.0, and 16.7 mm, respectively. In addition, S. glabrescens (100-1,000 ppm) showed a high growth inhibitory activity of 55.8-75.6% against above pathogens in the turbidity assay. Among the solvent fractionates from ethanolic extracts of S. glabrescens, the n-hexane soluble fractionates (1,000 ppm) displayed strong growth inhibitory activity of 100% against S. aureus, B. cereus, and B. subtilis. Therefore, S. glabrescens could be useful as an antimicrobial agent against foodborne pathogens.
군 리더십 향상방안에 관한 연구 : 방공진지 내 초급간부를 중심으로
ABSTRACT A Study on the Improvement of Leadership in Military Organization - Focus on Low Level Leaders Who Service for Military Camp Site of Air Defence - Chang-Ho Kang Department of Business Adminstration, Graduate School of Business and Public Adminstration, Kongju National University Army is an organization that is supposed to conserve the life and the property of a nation and defend the polity. According to this, a leadership from the low-level leaders could be the most important factor which could decide the final consequence of a battle. However, unlike the past soldiers, as a tendency of society changes rapidly, recent soldiers are tended to be individual and losing awareness of national security. This is not only, soldiers' problem but also, the low-level leaders' too. Therefore, the leadership that establishes true character of solider and is based on a firm loyalty to lead one another can be very important. Specially, the leadership for the particular low-level leaders in a place such as, military campsite of air-defense, where has no initiator of leadership is exceedingly momentous. To lead soldiers upright as a low-level leader in sky-defence unit, they should be determined to sacrifice their own safety as well as physical convenience. More over, they should be able to improve their mental and physical faculties, always ready for the future, and adjust to new environment. With this preparation, they could develop themselves as a true leader, also be able to give full play abilities no matter where whether you are in a society or in a military service. Through the complementary of educating system, the military authorities should lay the groundwork for low-level leaders to be the greatest on the field. In conclusion, today's leaders need to break with old convention but with the creative thinking and active manner, they should lead their own unit upright. If these points are concerned well enough and conducted in a right way, the level of leadership in a force will be improved dramatically. The leadership in the army can be defined as "leader's ability that success mission and goal with his people's moral and skills. In these days, it is hard to control army successfully with only old dictating leadership because soldiers and all the environment in army is changing. Society is changing more individually, people become selfish, and concentrate on people's basic right. Annually, many new-generation young people from this society flow to army and they ask for more safety and welfare in army. Other society also demands same things. Moreover, the new technology is being applied into army. It is important that soldiers picking it up for developing army. Further more, in information-oriented society, soldiers demand more physical convenience. And they are forgetting honor and sacrifice spirit to their country. It is becoming big problem. In the new society, leader should equip abilities of preparing future, adjusting to new society, interpreting various situation because these skills decide entire group's success and failure. Army's leaders need moral leadership that includes creative thinking and behavior in new society system. As I mentioned above, old leadership, leadership of dictating has restriction to success goal and mission in army in the new society that's the reason why leader who start to study leadership needs new leadership concept that includes moral value. This leadership would lead right way to success. Leadership issues become a important in society-science because leadership decides success and failure especially in army. Leader should have some special leadership in army, so army's education system about leadership should develop. Leadership should include right moral spirit. This leadership is not only for leaders but also for general soldiers, so every soldier can have moral value which is very positive for army.