병원종사자의 코스메슈티컬화장품에 대한 제품선택이 마케팅커뮤니케이션에 미치는 영향

강유나(Yu-Na Kang),이인희(In-Hee Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2017 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.18 No.8

본 연구는 최근 증가하고 있는 메디컬스킨케어에 맞추어 등장한 코스메슈티컬화장품을 사용하는 병원종사자의 제품 선택이 마케팅커뮤니케이션에 미치는 영향에 대한 연구로 실시하였다. 코스메슈티컬화장품이 주로 사용, 판매되어지고 있는 병원의 병원종사자를 대상으로 코스메슈티컬화장품을 구매하는 소비자와의 불만에 대응하고 부정적 이슈의 영향을 최소화하여 소비자와의 우호적 관계를 강화할 수 있는 대안 마련에 필요한 자료를 얻는데 목적이 있다. 연구는 서울·경기·인천 지역의 병원(피부과, 성형외과, 여성의원, 기타병원)에서 코스메슈티컬화장품을 사용하는 병원종사자를 520명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시되었다. 총 502부의 설문지가 최종분석에 사용되었으며, 데이터 분석은 Cronbach"s α , one-way ANOVA , 탐색적요인 분석 및 Duncan 테스트로 구성되었다. 또한 변수간의 상관관계를 조사하기 위해 상관분석을 수행하였고, 가설검정을 위해 회귀분석을 수행하였다. 본 연구의 결과로 코스메슈티컬화장품을 선택할 때 마케팅커뮤니케이션의 영향을 미친다는 것을 알 수 있으며 특히 제품의 가치, 품질, 가격 요인이 마케팅커뮤니케이션에 큰 영향을 미치는 것으로 보이고 있다. 즉, 제품의 가치 및 품질을 가장 중시함과 동시에 합리적인 가격을 원하는 것을 알 수 있다. 이를 고려하여 향후 코스메슈티컬화장품만의 차별화된 제품을 추구하고 트랜드의 변화양상에 맞추어 코스메슈티컬화장품의 잠재고객 확보 및 판매증대에 필요한 기초자료로 제공하고자 한다. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of product selection of hospital workers cosmeceutical cosmetics on marketing communication among hospital workers who use cosmeceutical cosmetics that have emerged in line with the recent growing medical skin care field.Coping with complaints from consumers who buy cosmeceutical cosmetics in hospitals where cosmeceutical cosmetics are mainly used and sold, and minimizing the influence of negative issues will potentially strengthen consumer relationships. The study was conducted on 520 hospital workers who use cosmeceutical cosmetics in hospitals (dermatology, plastic surgery, women"s clinic, and other hospitals) in Seoul, Gyeonggi and Incheon. A total of 502 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. The data analysis consisted of Cronbach"s alpha, one-way ANOVA, exploratory factor analysis and Duncan test. Correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between variables, and regression analysis was conducted to test hypotheses. The study results revealed that when choosing cosmetic cosmetics, marketing communication is influential. Especially, product value, quality, and price factors strongly affect marketing communication. This shows that we value the product and quality the most and we want a reasonable price. Considering this, we will pursue differentiated products only from cosmeceutical cosmetics and provide them as basic data necessary for securing potential customers and increasing the sales of cosmeceutical cosmetics in accordance with the changing trends.

병원종사자의 코스메슈티컬에 대한 제품선택이 소비가치에 미치는 영향

강유나 ( Yu-na Kang ) 한국미용예술경영학회 2017 미용예술경영연구 Vol.11 No.4

피부미용에 대한 관심과 투자가 증가하면서 화장품 유통 산업에 많은 변화가 일어나고 있다. 환경오염과 각종 스트레스로 인한 피부손상으로 기능적인 부분을 강화한 화장품이 주목 받고 있으며, 실질적인 효능, 효과 중심의 치료기능과 안전성을 고려한 피부 보호 개념의 코스메슈티컬이 주목 받고 있다. 코스메슈티컬이란 코스메틱(Cosmetics)의 화장품과 파마슈티컬(Pharmaceutical)의 의약품개념을 첨가하여 만들어진 합성어이다. 코스메슈티컬은 의사가 개발했다는 신뢰감으로 많은 병원에서 (피부과, 성형외과, 여성의원, 기타병원)에서 주로 사용 및 판매되어지고 있다. 병원에서 사용되어지는 화장품으로 병원종사자의 제품선택이 소비가치에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 코스메슈티컬만의 차별화 된 전략 수립 및 판매증대에 도움이 되기를 기대해 본다. 본 연구는 병원종사자의 코스메슈티컬에 대한 제품선택이 커뮤니케이션과 소비가치에 미치는 영향을 분석하기 위하여 2017년 1월 16일부터 2월 17일까지 서울·경기·인천 지역의 피부과, 성형외과, 여성의원, 기타병원에서 코스메슈티컬을 사용하는 병원종사자를 대상으로 520부 설문조사를 실시하였다. 결론적으로 병원종사자들은 코스메슈티컬을 선택할 시 제품의 가격, 품질, 가치를 가장 중시하는 것을 알 수 있으며, 병원에서 사용되어지는 만큼 기능적으로나 안전성이 우수한 제품을 선호하며 이에 가치를 느끼는 코스메슈티컬을 선호하는 것으로 여겨진다. 이러한 연구의 성과는 코스메슈티컬 시장의 소비자의 제품선택에 대한 니즈를 파악할 수 있는 연구 자료로 활용될 수 있으리라 기대한다. 추후의 연구에서는 구체적으로 병원의 특성뿐만 아니라, 코스메슈티컬의 온라인 유통경로에 대한 연구가 진행된다면 코스메슈티컬 산업과 시장의 발전에 도움이 될 미래 지향적인 자료가 될 것이라 사료된다. As interest and investment in cosmetics grows, many changes are taking place in the cosmetics distribution industry. Cosmetic products that have enhanced functional parts due to environmental pollution and skin damage due to various stresses are attracting attention, and cosmeceuticals of skin protection concept considering substantial efficacy, effect-oriented treatment function and safety are attracting attention. Cosmeceutical is a compound word created by adding cosmetics and pharmaceutical medicines. Cosmeceuticals are used and sold in many hospitals (dermatology, plastic surgery, women’s clinics, and other hospitals) with confidence that they developed by doctors. We hope that cosmetic products that are used in hospitals will analyze the impact of product selection by hospital employees on consumption value, which will help to establish differentiated strategies and increase sales of cosmetic products. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of product selection on the consumption value of hospital workers’ cosmetic products. From January 16 to February 17, 2017, the dermatology, plastic surgery, And 520 other hospital employees who use Cosmeceuticals in other hospitals. In conclusion, hospital workers emphasized on product price, quality, and value the most when choosing cosmeceuticals, preferred products with excellent safety and functions, and especially cosmeceuticals they feel valuable as a result. This research achievement is expected to be used as a research material to identify the needs toward consumers’ product choice in the cosmeceuticals market. Follow-up research should be conducted on not only the characteristics of hospitals but also on cosmeceuticals’ online distribution path, in order to be a future-oriented data for the development of the cosmeceuticals industry and market.

코스메슈티컬 소비자의 관계품질이 행동의도에 미치는 영향

강유나(Yu-Na Kang),이인희(In-Hee Lee) 한국산학기술학회 2021 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.22 No.9

본 연구는 코스메슈티컬 소비자의 관계품질이 행동의도에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고 코스메슈티컬 시장활성화를 위한 마케팅의 기초자료로 제공하고자 실시되었다. 이를 위해 본조사는 2020년 11월 16일부터 2020년 11월 30일까지 서울 및 수도권 지역 H&B스토어에서 코스메슈티컬 화장품을 구매한 소비자를 대상으로 설문조사를 시행하였으며 총 305부의 설문지를 분석에 사용하였다. 자료분석은 SPSS 21.0 프로그램을 사용하여 빈도분석, 신뢰도분석, 상관관계분석을 실시하였으며, 변수 간의 인과관계에 대해 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 첫째, 코스메슈티컬의 관계품질몰입, 만족, 신뢰가 재구매의도에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 관계품질의 하위요인별 몰입, 만족이 높을수록 재구매의도가 높아지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 코스메슈티컬 관계품질 만족, 몰입, 신뢰가 전환의도에 통계적으로 유의한 부(-)의 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 관계품질의 하위요인별 만족, 몰입, 신뢰가 높을수록 전환의도는 낮아지는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 따라서 기업과 소비자와의 관계품질이 높을수록 재구매의도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 브랜드 전환을 방지하고 충성고객 확보 및 지속적인 관계유지에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 의미한다. 이를 고려하여 향후 코스메슈티컬 화장품 시장의 새로운 마케팅 계획 및 전략 형성의 기초자료에 도움이 되고자 한다. This research was undertaken to investigate impact of the relationship quality of cosmeceutical consumers on the behavior intention, and provide basic marketing data for revitalizing the cosmeceutical market. Cosmeceutical consumers were surveyed at H&B stores in Seoul and the metropolitan area, from November 16, 2020 to November 30, 2020. A total of 305 surveys were included in the final analysis. Data analysis was achieved by performing frequency analysis, reliability analysis, correlation analysis and regression analysis on the causality between variables, using the SPSS 21.0. The results indicate that investment, satisfaction and trust have a very positive (+) impact on repurchase intention when considering cosmological relationship quality. This can be regarded as the investment in the subordinate factors of relationship quality. The higher the satisfaction, the higher the repurchase intention. However, satisfaction, investment and trust had no significant (-) impact on the statistical nature of transformation intention in the quality of cosmological relationship. This can be regarded as the lower level factors of relationship quality. The higher the satisfaction, investment and trust, the lower the conversion intention. Taken together, these results indicate that a positive growth in the relationship between business and customers is likely to result in the customer to repeatedly buy the products, and help retain loyalty of the customer to continue using their brand. Also, it positively affects to maintain a constant relationship between business and customers.

부티크 호텔 로비의 디자인 특성에 관한 연구

강유나(Kang, Yu-Na),오혜경(Oh, Hye- Kyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2010 한국실내디자인학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.12 No.3

The purpose of this study is to present a plan for converting Korean traditional house into a hotel in the future by examining the reality of how new·old designs are converged after analyzing designs of lobbies of boutique hotels in Prague whose interiors were renovated while exteriors were left along. The study was conducted by conducting field surveys from Jun 30 to Jul 6, 2010 and the results are as follows. First, the exteriors contrast entrance by modernizing while leaving facade as it is. Second, lobbies can be classified into 3 and they are lobbies without using traditional style, modernizing it while about 40% of traditional style is applied and recreating traditional style though about 20~30% of traditional style is applied. It would be nearly impossible without using traditional style at all when the above is applied in Korean traditional houses. However, both applications of traditional style from the above can be applied for using traditional styles. These methods are meaningful in a sense that it gives us to a chance to think about as a method in reality since the ways to express Korean tradition are not clearly defined and there are many attempts and failures at present.

인도네시아 식민시대의 공간양식 특성에 관한 연구

강유나(Kang, Yu-Na),오혜경(Oh, Hye-Kyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2011 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.20 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the characteristics of space design appearing in facade and interior composition factors of buildings in the colonial period in Indonesia. Research method is a field study, and subjects of the study is 14 buildings built in the colonial period located in Jakarta. The research result is as follows. First, Facade is divided into C type (colonial style), CA type (colonial style + traditional style), CA type (colonial style + art deco style), and CTA type (colonial style + traditional style + art deco style). Among them, CT type which shows both a colonial style and traditional style accounts for the most. As for Java traditional style mainly shows Joglo roof style and bratticing decoration on top of gates, and the colonial style presents both an Amsterdam canal housing style such as narrow Facade and unusual Gable, and a classical style such as pediment, entablature, and columns. Second, interior space is divided into C type (colonial style), CT type (colonial style + Indonesian traditional style), A type (art deco style), and CA type (colonial style + art deco style). Among them, CT type was also accounted for the most. Selected traditional style is a shape of brallicing decoration on top of gates and a shape of tenon of Joglo housing structure. Colonial style showed classical style such as exposed crossbeams, columns, and pilasters, and as for unique decoration, there are Ancona decoration and Delft tile decoration. On one hand, art deco style used typical art deco factors such as contrast of various materials and complementary color or golden color use as well as zigzag or vertical lines and geometric ornament by combining with colonial style or traditional style. It is expected that such research result will be a practical reference data when Korean construction companies or interior design companies advance Indonesia.

인도네시아 레스토랑에 나타난 전통 공간구성요소의 현대적 표현 특성

강유나(Kang, Yu-Na),오혜경(Oh, Hye-Kyung) 한국실내디자인학회 2011 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.20 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristic as to how the Indonesian traditional space is expressed in a contemporary space. As for the study method, We visited 12 Indonesian restaurants in Jakarta from Oct. 16 to Oct. 20, 2010 for a case study. The study result is presented as follows: First, as a factor of facade components, the roof part revealed its identity as a Joglo structure. Walls, windows and doors reflected Indonesian tradition, or were transformed in passive or aggressive ways. Second, as a factor of interior space components, ceilings were predominantly designed by reflecting a structural exposure ceiling or Tumpang Sari as it was or by passively transforming them; Interior walls, windows and doors were transformed in aggressive ways. Third, regarding the factors of interior decoration components, traditional furniture was not used, but instead, furniture with contemporary form and local materials were dominently used, and traditional accessaries were used as they were. Therefore, in the case of designing spatial componentss in Indonesian restaurants located in Jakarta, roofs and ceilings, floors, furniture. and accessaries reflected Indonesian tradition, or were passively transformed, whereas walls, windows, doors, and some ceilings aggressively reflected modernized tradition so that they were formed in harmony with traditional and contemporary styles.

식품 단백질 유발성 직결장염에서 식품 특이 IgE 항체 검사의 임상적 의의

송정윤,강유나,김재룡,황진복,Song, Jeong-Yoon,Kang, Yu-Na,Kim, Jae-Ryong,Hwang, Jin-Bok 대한소아소화기영양학회 2008 Pediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition Vol.11 No.1

목 적: 식품 단백질 유발성 직결장염(food proteininduced proctocolitis, FPIPC)은 영아기에 모유 수유아에서 호발하는 식품 알레르기 질환으로 식품 알레르기의 비-IgE 매개형으로 분류되고 있다. FPIPC의 유발 원인 식품을 예측할 수 있는 식품 특이 IgE 항체 검사의 임상적 의의를 알아보고자 한다. 방 법: 2006년 2월부터 2007년 5월까지 진단된 16예를 대상으로 하였다. 선홍빛, 소량의 혈변, 정상 배변 및 성장 등의 임상 상황과 직장 조직 생검에서 호산구 침윤이 10개의 고배율시야당 60개 이상일 때 FPIPC로 진단하였다. 진단 후 모체나 환자의 식단에서 5가지 식품(유제품, 계란, 콩 및 견과류, 밀가루, 어패류)을 4일간 제거 후 증상의 호전을 보이면 식단에 단계적으로 유발 시험을 시행하여 증상 유무로 유발 식품을 판단하고, 내원 당시 시행된 알레르기 MAST 및 Uni-CAP 검사와 비교 분석하였다. 결 과: FPIPC 환자는 16예(남:여, 10:6)로 진단 당시 연령은 생후 1~13개월이었다. 알레르기 MAST에서 특정 식품에 양성을 보인 경우는 2예(12.5%)였으며, Uni-CAP에서 양성을 보인 경우는 3예(18.8%)였다. 유발 시험을 통하여 혈변의 원인으로 확인된 식품 건수는 총 33건으로 어패류 7건(21.2%), 계란 6건(18.2%). 밀가루 6건(18.2%), 유제품 4건(12.1%), 콩 3건(9.1%), 돼지고기 3건(9.1%), 견과류 2건(6.1%), 쇠고기 1건(3.0%), 버섯 1건(3.0%)이었다. 알레르기 MAST 양성 혹은 Uni-CAP 양성과 증상 관련 식품이 일치하는 경우는 각각 1예(6.7%)에서 관찰되었다. 결 론: FPIPC에서 식품 특이 IgE 항체 검사인 알레르기 MAST와 Uni-CAP은 관련 식품에 대한 진단적 예측 지표로는 부적합한 것으로 판단되며, 모체 혹은 환자의 식단에서 식품 제거 및 유발 시험이 관련 원인 식품을 추정해 낼 수 있는 임상 수기로 판단된다. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine the clinical significance of food-specific IgE antibody tests in detecting triggering antigens in food protein-induced proctocolitis (FPIPC). Methods: Between February 2006 and May 2007, data from 16 consecutive FPIPC patients that underwent MAST and Uni-CAP tests on initial visits, were reviewed. The endoscopic criterion used for establishing a diagnosis of FPIPC was an increase in the number of eosinophils in the lamina propria (${\geq}60$ per 10 high power fields). Offending foods were suspected clinically based on elimination and challenge testing to mother or patient diets with the following five highly allergenic foods: dairy products, eggs, nuts and soybean, fish and shellfish, and wheat and buckwheat. We compared the results of initial MAST or Uni-CAP tests with clinically suspected offending foods. Results: For the 16 FPIPC patients, MAST tests showed positive results in 2 patients (12.5%), and Uni-CAP tests showed positive results in 3 patients (18.8%). Through clinical elimination and challenge, the 33 offending foods were identified: 7 fish and shellfish (21.2%), 6 eggs (18.2%), 6 wheat and buckwheat (18.2%), 4 dairy products (12.1%), 3 soybean (9.1%), 3 pork (9.1%), 2 nuts (6.1%), 1 beef (3.0%), and 1 mushroom (3.0%). Clinically suspected offending foods and MAST and Uni-CAP test results were found to be correlated in 1 patient (6.7%) each. Conclusion: Food specific IgE antibody tests are inappropriate for predicting offending foods in FPIPC. Clinical food elimination and challenge testing provide useful means of detecting offending foods.

기관지도말 표본에서 p53단백 발현의 진단적 의의

이상숙,배지연,강유나,조영록,김시남,박남조,김선영,김정희,Lee, Sang-Sook,Bae, Ji-Yeon,Kang, Yu-Na,Cho, Young-Rok,Kim, Si-Nam,Park, Nam-Jo,Kim, Seun-Young,Kim, Jung-Hi 대한세포병리학회 1996 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Abnormalities of p53 gene are common in lung cancers and are associated with immunologically detectable p53 protein. p53 immunoreactivity is uncommon in normal cells but is frequently seen in neoplasia. Therefore, assessment of p53 expression may assist in the cytological diagnosis of malignancy. The usefulness of p53 immunostaining as a marker of malignancy in the cytological analysis of bronchial brush specimens from the patients with lung cancers was investigated in this study. A total of 71 bronchial brush samples submitted for cytologic diagnosis were immunostained with D07, a monoclonal antibody to recombinant p53 protein. Resultant p53 data were correlated with cytologic diagnosis and clinical information. Of the 17 smears with a benign cytodiagnosis, all were p53 negative. Of the 40 cases with a malignant cytodiagnosis (histologically confirmed), 35 were p53 positive and 5 were negative. Of the 14 cases that were cytologically suspicious but nondiagnostic for malignancy, 11 were p53 positive, 9 of which were subsequently proved to be malignant by histologic examination, and the remaining 2 cases were tuberculosis clinically. Forty four of 51 histologically confirmed lung carcinomas were p53 positive, including 25 of 28 squamous cell carcinomas, 13 of 17 small cell carcinomas, 3 of 3 adenocarcinomas, and 3 of 3 large cell undifferentiated carcinomas. These results suggest that p53 immunostaining could be of value as a marker of malignancy in the cytologic examination of bronchial brush specimens. Furthermore, we have shown the possible clinical utility of p53 immunostaining in cytopathological diagnosis, that is, as a valuable adjunct to morphological assessment in the analysis of cytopathologically suspicious cases.

방광암 환자의 요세포 검사에서 p53 단백 발현의 의의

이상숙,배지연,강유나,조영록,박남조,김선영,김정희,Lee, Sang-Sook,Bae, Ji-Yeon,Kang, Yu-Na,Cho, Young-Rok,Park, Nam-Jo,Kim, Seun-Young,Kim, Jung-Hi 대한세포병리학회 1996 대한세포병리학회지 Vol.7 No.2

Although bladder cancers are very common, little is known about their molecular pathogenesis. It is known that p53 alteration is found in about 60% of muscle-invasive bladder cancer, necessiating aggressive therapy and poor outcome. We examined the nuclear expression of p53 protein, using D07 monoclonal antibody in the urine samples from 31 patients with transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder to investigate the correlation of p53 overexpression with histologic grades and depth of invasion. The positive rate of p53 protein was 27% in superficial bladder tumor, but increased up to 71% in the invasive bladder carcinomas. The overexpression of p53 protein increased according to Mostofi grading system from 18% in grade I, 45% in grade II, and up to 100% in grade III. The p53 expression tended to be higher in the invasive and high grade bladder cancers than in the superficial and low grade ones(p<0.05). These results suggest that immunohistochemical analysis of the urine specimen in the bladder cancer patients could be a useful method of screening for the presence of p53 mutant protein. The mutant p53 protein expression may be an indicator of bladder cancer with more proliferative potential and/or aggressive biologic behavior.

우유 단백질 유발성 장염 증후군의 병리 기전으로 세포 자멸사와 TNF-${\alpha}$, TRAIL receptor 1 (DR4)의 발현 증가

황진복,김상표,강유나,이성룡,서성일,권택규,Hwang, Jin-Bok,Kim, Sang-Pyo,Kang, Yu-Na,Lee, Seong-Ryong,Suh, Seong-Il,Kwon, Taeg-Kyu 대한소아청소년과학회 2010 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.53 No.4

목 적: 융모 위축을 보이는 FPIES 환자의 소장 점막에는 TNF-${\alpha}$의 발현이 증가한다. TNF-${\alpha}$는 상피 세포의 세포 자렴사를 유발하는 것으로 알려져 있다. 저자들은 FPIES 병리생리의 특성을 알아보고자 십이지장 점막 조직에서 TNF family와 TNF-수용체 family의 세포 자멸사를 연구하였다. 방 법: 표준화된 경구 유발 시험을 통하여 FPIES로 진단된 15례의 환자와 5례의 대조군을 대상으로 연구하였다. 세포 자멸사를 확인하기 위하여 terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) 염색을 시행하였다. 세포 자멸의 기전을 알아 보기 위해 TNF family의 TNF-${\alpha}$, Fas ligand (FasL)와 TNF-수용체 family의 TNF-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL) receptor 1 (DR4), TRAIL receptor 2 (DR5), Fas를 면역조직화학으로 염색하였다. 결 과: $TUNEL^+$ 세포는 대조군에 비하여 FPIES 환자군의 십이지장 점막에서 의미 있게 높게 발현하였다($P$=0.043). TNF-${\alpha}$ ($P$=0.0001)와 DR4 ($P$=0.003)도 대조군에 비하여 FPIES군에서 의미 있게 높게 발현하였다. FasL, Fas, DR5의 발현은 두 군 모두에서 낮았으며, 두 군간에 의미 있는 차이를 보이지도 않았다. 결 론: FPIES의 병리생리는 세포 자멸사에 의하여 발생하며, TNF-${\alpha}$의 발현과 DR4 경로가 세포 자멸사에서 중요한 역할을 하는 것으로 추정된다. Purpose : Expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ expression on the mucosa of the small intestine is increased in patients with villous atrophy in food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES). TNF-${\alpha}$ has been reported to induce apoptotic cell death in the epithelial cells. We studied the TNF family and TNF-receptor family apoptosis on the duodenal mucosa to investigate their roles in the pathogenesis of FPIES. Methods : Fifteen infants diagnosed as having FPIES using standard oral challenge test and 5 controls were included. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) staining was performed to identify the apoptotic cell death bodies. Immunohistochemical staining of TNF-${\alpha}$, Fas ligand (FasL) for TNF family and TNF-related apoptosis-including ligand (TRAIL) receptor 1 (DR4), TRAIL receptor 2 (DR5), and Fas for TNF-receptor family were performed to determine the apoptotic mechanisms. Results : $TUNEL^+$ was significantly more highly expressed in the duodenal mucosa of FPIES patients than in controls ($P$-0.043). TNF-${\alpha}$ ($P$=0.0001) and DR4 ($P$=0.003) were significantly more highly expressed in FPIES patients than in controls. Expression levels of FasL, Fas, and DR5 were low in both groups and were not significantly different between the 2 groups. Conclusion : These results suggest that FPIES pathogenesis is induced by apoptosis, and that TNF-${\alpha}$ expression and DR4 pathway may have an important role in apoptosis.