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강양호,진정숙,손석만 대한약리학회 2015 The Korean Journal of Physiology & Pharmacology Vol.19 No.2
Osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL)/receptor activator of NF-κB(RANK) axis, and TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) participate in vascular calcificationprocess including atherosclerosis, but their contributions under high glucose (HG) and phosphate (HP)condition for a long-term period (more than 2 weeks) have not been fully determined. In this study,we evaluated the effects of HG and HP levels over 2 or 4 weeks on the progression of vascularcalcification in rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Calcium deposition in VSMCs was increasedin medium containing HG (30 mmol/L D-glucose) with β -glycerophosphate (β-GP, 12 mmol/L) after2 weeks and increased further after 4 weeks. OPG mRNA and protein expressions were unchangedin HG group with or without β -GP after 2 weeks. However, after 4 weeks, OPG mRNA and proteinexpressions were significantly lower in HG group with β -GP. No significant expression changes wereobserved in RANKL, RANK, or TRAIL during the experiment. After 4 weeks of treatment in HG groupcontaining β -GP and rhBMP-7, an inhibitor of vascular calcification, OPG expressions were maintained. Furthermore, mRNA expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), a marker of vascular mineralization,was lower in the presence of rhBMP-7. These results suggest that low OPG levels afterlong term HG and phosphate stimulation might reduce the binding of OPG to RANKL and TRAIL,and these changes could increase osteo-inductive VSMC differentiation, especially vascular mineralizationreflected by increased ALP activity during vascular calcification.
한국 성인에서 비만과 혈청 Cystatin C의 연관성
강양호 대한비만학회 2015 The Korean journal of obesity Vol.24 No.4
배경: 혈청 cystatin C는 조기 신 질환을 예측할 수 있는 인자로 알려져 있고 여러 심혈관 질환 위험인자들과 연관성이 알려져 있다. 그러나, 비만과의 연관성에 있어서는 연구가 많지 않고, 특히 아시아 인구를 대상으로 한 연구는 거의 없다. 이에 본 연구는 한국 성인을 대상으로 체질량지수와 허리둘레를 이용하여 혈청 cystatin C와의 연관성을 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 단일 기관 건강검진센터에서 종합검진을 받은 혈청 cystatin C가 측정된 성인 1,528명(남자 928명, 여자 600명)을 대상으로 하였고 체질량지수와 허리둘레에 따라 정상 체중, 과체중, 비만으로 분류하였다. 결과: 체질량지수가 증가함에 따라 남자(정상 체중군, 0.91 mg/L; 과체중군, 0.92 mg/L; 비만군, 0.94 mg/L, P<0.05) 및 여자(정상 체중 군, 0.81 mg/L; 과체중군, 0.83 mg/L; 비만군, 0.90 mg/L, P<0.001)에서 평균 혈청 cystatin C는 유의한 증가를 보였다. 허리둘레에 따른 각 군 비교에서도 역시 남자(정상군, 0.92 mg/L; 비만군, 0.94 mg/L, P<0.05) 및 여자(정상 군, 0.82 mg/L; 비만 군, 0.90 mg/L, P<0.001)에서 유의한 증가가 관찰되었다. 혈청 cystatin C 증가군(≥1.0 mg/L) 의 빈도도 체질량지수와 허리둘레가 증가함에 따라 유의하게 증가하였고 비만 빈도에 대한 혈청 cystatin C 증가군의 비교 위험도 역시 남자 (OR, 1.42; P=0.013)와 여자 (OR, 1.74; P=0.026) 모두에서 유의하게 증가하였다. 결론: 한국 성인에서 체질량지수와 허리둘레에 따른 비만도가 증가함에 따라 혈청 cystatin C는 유의하게 증가하였고 이는 비만에서 혈청 cystatin C 증가가 연관성이 있음을 아시아 인구에서도 보여 주는 결과로 생각된다.
강양호,정동욱,손석만 대한내분비학회 2016 Endocrinology and metabolism Vol.31 No.3
Background: It is known that metabolic syndrome (MetS) is associated with chronic kidney disease. We evaluated and comparedthe prevalence of reduced kidney function in MetS and its components by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) usingan equation based on creatinine (eGFRcr), cystatin C (eGFRcys), and combined creatinine-cystatin C (eGFRcr-cys) in Koreanadults. Methods: We analyzed data from 3,649 adults who participated in a comprehensive health examination. Results: Mean values of eGFRcys were higher compared with mean values of eGFRcr (96.1±18.2 mL/min/1.73 m2 vs. 91.2±13.6 mL/min/1.73 m2) in total subjects. The prevalence of reduced kidney function increased with age (9.6% for eGFRcys vs. 5.8% for eGFRcr-cys vs. 4.9% for eGFRcr, in subjects aged ≥60 years), and significantly increased with MetS, abdominal obesity,hypertension, high triglyceride, low high density lipoprotein (HDL), and high insulin resistance. The prevalence of MetS, abdominalobesity, hypertension, high insulin resistance, low HDL, and hepatic steatosis was significantly increased in subjectswith reduced kidney function. This increased prevalence and the odds ratio of reduced kidney function for prevalence of MetSwas highest for eGFRcys, followed by those of eGFRcr-cys, and eGFRcr. Conclusion: The prevalence of reduced kidney function by eGFR was significantly increased in subjects with MetS and its relatedcomponents. eGFRcys and eGFRcr-cys were superior to eGFRcr in detecting reduced kidney function.
Use of insulin detemir in dogs with diabetes mellitus
정동인,강양호 충북대학교 동물의학연구소 2015 Journal of Biomedical and Translational Research Vol.16 No.1
Insulin detemir is a long-acting basal insulin analogue recently introduced in veterinary medicine for treatment of canine diabetes mellitus. As there are only limited studies in dogs, long-term evaluation of insulin detemir in veterinary medicine is required. In this study, we investigated trends in12-hour blood glucose concentration during hospitalization and evaluated initial and following doses of insulin detemir for several months in six diabetic dogs. The mean levels of blood glucose over 12-hour periods were between 113.5 to 327.2 mg/dL, and the average glucose nadir was 103 mg/dL in the six dogs. The dogs were treated with a mean dosage of 0.24 U/kg of insulin detemir, but hypoglycemia was observed in four of the dogs at the first monthly follow-up. Thus, insulin doses were adjusted according to the nadir levels of glucose observed during the follow-up periods (range, 1 to 16 months). The total range of insulin doses throughout the study period was between 0.1 and 0.4 U/kg. Changes in insulin doses in each dog during the follow-up period were not variable. We suggest that insulin detemir might be not only an alternative choice against traditional insulin for patients with insulin resistance or concurrent disease but also an effective home therapy medication in canine patients with DM. This study could help inform veterinary practitioners regarding the use of insulin detemir for canine insulin-dependent DM.