제천의 의병장 이강년(李康秊)의 위정척사(衛正斥邪) 의식과 문학에 대한 연구

姜玟求 ( Kang Min-koo ) 동방한문학회 2020 東方漢文學 Vol.0 No.82

雲岡 李康秊[1858~1908]은 군사 운용과 전술의 전문가인 무관으로서 민비 시해 사건과 단발령을 계기로 倡義 擧兵한 의병장이다. 그는 경상북도 문경 태생이지만 제천으로 柳麟錫[1842~1915]을 찾아가 그의 문인이 되는 동시에 유인석 의병 부대의 유격대장으로 활약하였다. 또 李恒老[1792~1868]의 『華西集』 간행에도 적극 관여하는 등 학문 연찬에도 힘을 썼으니, 그의 강력한 무장 항쟁은 위정척사론의 이념적 토대 위에서 이루어진 것이다. 이강년은 의병장으로서는 보기 드물게 다수의 詩文을 남기고 있고 그것들의 상당수는 그의 투쟁과 밀접한 관련이 있다. 「聞國變世禍, 漸至板蕩, 不勝憤激, 仍賦一律.」은 거병 즈음의 근심과 두려움, 육체적 고통과 투쟁의 의지가 진솔하게 토로된 작품이다. 「被擒時口號」는 적에게 체포되는 절망적 상황에서도 의연한 결기를 보여준다. 또 「囚在日憲兵所口號」는 헌병소에 구금되어 있으면서 쓴 시로, 구차히 살아남지 않을 것이며 죽어서도 항쟁하겠다는 결연한 의지를 보여준다. 「告訣八域同志」는 옥중에서 전국의 동지들에게 영결을 고하는 글로, 거병의 계기, 무장 항쟁 기간, 戰績, 체포당한 경위, 사형에 직면한 심정, 투쟁의 이념을 기술하고 있다. 이 글에서 이강년은 반역자들이 충신과 선량한 사람들을 무고하게 살해하는 상황에서 양심의 격동을 참을 수 없었던 것이 거병의 원인이라고 밝혔다. 그리고 13년간 2차례 기병하였고 전투 횟수는 30여회, 전적은 왜적 100여명을 죽인 것이라고 하였다. 이강년은 인륜이 사라진 상황에 대하여 심각한 위기의식을 가지고 있었고, 양심에 격동되어 거병하였으며, 존화양이의 의리를 위해 殉死한다는 자부심을 가지고 있었으며, 남은 동지들에게 綱常을 돈독히 하라고 당부하였다. 이것이 이강년이 지닌 위정척사 의식이다. 『雲岡遺稿』에는 15편의 檄文類가 전한다. 그의 격문은 선명한 위정척사의 이념을 기반으로 삼고 있다. 그것들은 군사와 무기, 군자금 조달을 독려하는 격문, 伊藤博文을 통렬히 꾸짖는 격문, 일제의 앞잡이로 온갖 간악한 짓을 일삼는 一進會를 준엄히 꾸짖은 효유문, 각국의 영사관에 일제의 침탈을 고발하고 조국 해방의 타당성을 알리는 통고문, 군대의 기율을 알려 경계하는 글이다. 그중에서 募兵을 목적으로 하는 것이 격문으로서 전형성 갖는다. Ungang(雲岡) Lee Kang-nyeon(李康秊)[1858~1908] was an expert in military operations and tactics as a military officer and he was a the righteous Armies general who raised an army in the cause of justice for Queen Min’s assassination and the ordinance prohibiting topknots. Although he was born in Mungyeong, Gyeongsangbuk-do, he went to Jecheon to visit Yoo In-seok (柳麟錫)[1842~1915] to become his literary man and also served as a captain of Yoo In-seok’s righteous army. He also worked hard at study including being actively involved in the publication of Lee Hang-ro(李恒老)[1792~1868]’s 『Hwaseojib(華西集)』, so Lee Kang-nyeon’s strong armed resistance was based on the ideological basis of Wijung Chuksa(Protect Righteousness and Expel wickedness, 衛正斥邪). Lee Kang-nyeon leaves a large number of poetry and prose as a rare case for the righteous Armies general, and many of them are closely related to his struggle. 「He heard the nation change and the world dizzy, so gradually became confused, and he did not stand the enragement and wrote a poem(聞國變世禍, 漸至板蕩, 不勝憤激, 仍賦一律.)」 is a work in which worries, fears, physical pain and the will of struggle are truly expressed around the time of raising an army. 「Poetry when he was arrested by an enemy(被擒時口號)」 shows a resolute impetuousness even in the desperate situation of being arrested by an enemy. In addition, 「Poetry while he was imprisoned in Japanese military police station(囚在日憲兵所口號)」 is a poem written while in a military police station, it shows his determined will to struggle even if he dies and not to survive wretchedly. 「Tell all over the country comrades before his death(告訣八域同志)」 is written in the prison to bid his last farewell to comrades from all over the country, it describes the cause of raising an army, the period of armed struggle, the record of struggle, the arrested situation, the feeling faced by the death penalty, and the ideology of struggle. In this article, he said that the cause of raising an army was that he could not stand the turbulence of conscience at a time when traitors were killing faithful and good people for no reason. He also said that he raised an army twice in 13 years, fought about 30 times, and killed more than 100 Japanese invaders. Lee Kang-nyeon had a serious sense of crisis about the situation in which humanity had disappeared, and he raised an army by being turbulent of conscience. Also, he was proud of dying for his country for the loyalty of Johnhwa Yangi(Revere China and expel the foreigners, 尊華攘夷) and he asked the remaining comrades to strengthen moral principles. This is the his consciousness of Wijung Chuksa(Protect Righteousness and Expel wickedness, 衛正斥邪). In 『Ungang-yugo(雲岡遺稿)』, 15 manifestos are presented. His manifestos are based on clear ideology of Wijung Chuksa(Protect Righteousness and Expel wickedness, 衛正斥邪). They are the manifestos of encouraging military, weapons and military funds, of scolding Ito Hirobumi(伊藤博文) severely, the persuasion of criticizing sharply Iljinhoe(一進會) which had done all kinds of atrocities as informer of Japan, the notification of accusing Japanese invasion and informing the validity of liberation to consular offices of each country, and the article of informing the discipline of the army. Among them, for the purpose of recruiting the army has typicality as a manifesto.

질산화 반응조에서 유기물 부하에 따른 암모니아 제거 특성

강민구,김금용,김승하,류홍덕,이상일,Kang, Min-Koo,Kim, Keum-Yong,Kim, Seung-Ha,Ryu, Hong-Duck,Lee, Sang-Ill 대한환경위생공학회 2009 대한환경위생공학회지 Vol.24 No.3

본 연구에서는 DEPHANOX공정을 변형한 두 개의 질산화 반응조를 둔 M-DEPHANOX 공정과 기존 변형된 질산화 반응조를 RBC로 대체한 형태로 단일 질산화 반응조로 운전된 M-DEPHANOX 공정을 운전하였다. 그리고 두 공정의 제거율을 비교하기 위하여 질소, 인 및 유기물 제거율과 질산화 반응조의 유기물 부하에 따른 $NH_3$-N 제거율을 조사하였다. 연구결과 $NH_3$-N 제거율은 M-DEPHANOX공정이 91.8%, M-eBNR 공정은 96.9%로서 두 공정 모두 높게 나타났다. TCOD와 SCOD 제거율은 M-DEPHANOX공정은 84.1와 78.2%, M-eBNR공정은 83.4%와 75.6%이었다. 또한 유기물이 $NH_3$-N 제거율에 미치는 영향은 M-eBNR 공정의 질산화 반응조에서는 1차 침전조에서 거의 나타나지 않았다. M-eBNR 공정의 $NH_3$-N 제거율은 도시하수의 유입성상이 달라지더라도 안정적으로 유지되었다. The objective of this study was to investigate difference in nitrogen, organic, phosphorus and $NH_3$-N removal efficiency according to organic loading, comparing M-DEPHANOX process which has two nitrification reactor with M-eBNR process which has one nitrification reactor. As a result of this study, $NH_3$-N removal efficiency of M-DEPHANOX and M-eBNR resulted in average level of 91.8%, 96.9%, respectively. M-DEPHANOX and M-eBNR processes showed high removal efficiency in view of $NH_3$-N removal efficiency. Comparing organic removal efficiency by M-DEPHANOX and M-eBNR processes, the average removal efficiency in terms of TCOD, SCOD was 84.1%, 78.2% and 83.4%, 75.6%. Also, the results that observed about $NH_3$-N removal efficiency regarding organic loading revealed that nitrification reactor of RBC type are little influenced by flowing organic without precipitating at settling tank. Therefore, although inflow characteristics of municipal wastewater changes, M-eBNR process appeared to remove $NH_3$-N reliably.

광대역무선채널에서 다중반송파 적응변조시스템의 궤환정보 감소알고리듬

강민구,임승주,천현수,강창언,Min-Goo, Kang,Soong-Ju, Im,Hyun-Su, Cheon,Chang-Ean, Kang 통신위성우주산업연구회 2001 Joint Conference on Satellite Communications Vol.2001 No.-

본 논문에서는 다중 반송파 적응 변조기술을 적용한 무선 데이터 전송 시스템에서 궤환정보를 감소하는 알고리듬을 제안하고, 성능을 분석한다. 일반적인 직교 주파수 분할 다중화 (OFDM :orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) 방식은 모든 부반송파를 통해 전송되는 신호의 정보량을 같게 설정한다. 하지만 제안된 다중 반송파 적응 변조 시스템은 채널의 상태 또는 주어진 에러 확률에 따라 부반송파를 통해 전송되는 신호의 정보량을 다르게 함으로서 원하는 품질의 전송상태를 유지하면서도 데이터의 전송률을 최대화할 수 있다. 또한 데이터의 전송률과 전송 상태를 고정하면서 최소의 소비전력으로 전송할 수 있다. In this thesis a wireless data transmission system has been proposed and analysed that uses the multi-carrier technique with the adaptive modulation scheme. In general, the OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system is assigning a same amount of information to all sub-carriers in a wireless data transmission. In the proposed system, the different amount of information is assigned to each sub-carrier depending on the state of channel and the target probability of error of system. With the proposed scheme, the transmission rate can be maximized with the fixed power and the required power to transmit the information can be minimized with the target probability of error of system.

논 지구의 배수로 부정류 흐름 모의를 위한 모델링 시스템

강민구,Kang, Min Goo 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회논문집 Vol.56 No.2

A modeling system is constructed by integrating an one-dimensional unsteady flow simulation model and a hydrologic model to simulate flood flows in drainage channel networks of paddy field districts. The modeling system's applicability is validated by simulating flood discharges from a paddy field district, which consists of nine paddy fields and one drainage channel. The simulation results are in good agreement with the observed. Particularly, in the verification stage, the relative errors of peak flows and peak depths between the observed and simulated hydrographs range 8.96 to 10.26 % and -10.26 to 2.97 %, respectively. The modeling system's capability is compared with that of a water balance equation-based model; it is revealed that the modeling system's accuracy is superior to the other model. In addition, the simulations of flood discharges from large-sized paddy fields through drainage channels show that the flood discharge patterns are affected by drainage outlet management for paddy fields and physical characteristics of the drainage channels. Finally, it is concluded that to efficiently design drainage channel networks, it is necessary to analyze the results from simulating flood discharges of the drainage channel networks according to their physical characteristics and connectivities.

영향요인을 고려한 댐 용수공급능력 추정 회귀모형

강민구,이광만,Kang, Min Goo,Lee, Gwang Man 한국수자원학회 2012 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.45 No.11

본 연구에서는 댐 용수공급능력에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 요인분석 통계기법을 사용하여 추출하였으며, 그 결과를 이용하여 댐 용수공급능력 추정을 위한 다중회귀모형을 개발하였다. 21개 다목적댐과 12개 생공용수전용댐을 대상으로 하였으며, 다목적댐과 생공용수전용댐으로 구분하여 요인분석을 수행하였다. 댐 용수공급능력에 영향을 미치는 변수로 유역면적, 유입량, 유효저수량, 생공용수량 등급, 농업용수량 등급, 하천유지유량 등급, 하천관리 등급, 평균강우량 등급을 선정하였다. 변수들의 상관계수 행렬점검, Bartlett의 구형성 점검, KMO 표본적합도 점검을 실시하여 변수들의 요인분석에 대한 적합성을 확인하였다. 변수들은 다목적댐의 경우 3개 요인, 생공용수전용댐의 경우 2개 요인으로 분류되었으며, 요인들을 Varimax법을 사용하여 회전시켰다. 요인분석 결과는 댐 용수공급능력에 영향을 미치는 변수들이 합리적으로 선정되었고, 이들이 요인으로 적절하게 분류되었음을 보여주었다. 요인점수를 설명변수로 사용하여 연간용수공급량을 추정할 수 있는 다중회귀모형을 개발하였으며, 개발된 모형의 정확성을 평가하고 적용방법을 제시하였다. 결론적으로 댐 용수공급능력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 파악된 변수 및 요인은 댐 계획 및 설계에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. In this study, factors that influence water supply capacities of dams are extracted using factor analysis, and multiple regression equations for estimating water supply capacities of dams are developed using the analysis results. Twenty-one multi-purpose dams and twelve Municipal and Industrial (M&I) water supply dams are selected for case studies, and eight variables influencing water supply capacities of dams, namely: watershed area, inflow, effective reservoir storage, grade on amount of M&I water supply, grade on amount of agricultural water supply, grade on amount of in-stream flow supply, grade on river administration, and grade on average rainfall, are determined. Two case studies for multi-purpose dams and M&I water supply dams are performed, employing factor analysis, respectively. For the two cases, preliminary tests, such as reviewing matrix of correlation coefficient, Bartlett's test of sphericity, and Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) test, are conducted to evaluate the suitability of the variables for factor analysis. In case of multi-purpose dams, variables are grouped into three factors; M&I water supply dams, two factors. The factors are rotated using Varimax method, and then factor loading of each variable is computed. The results show that the variables influencing water supply capacities of dams are reasonably selected and appropriately grouped into factors. In addition, multiple regression equations for predicting the amounts of annual water supply of dams are established using the factor scores as explanatory variables, it is identified that the models' accuracies are high, and their applications to determining effective storage capacity of a dam during dam planning and design steps are presented. Consequently, it is thought that the variables and factors are useful for dam planning and dam design.

저수지 취수시설의 공기관을 통한 공기연행에 대한 실험적 연구

강민구,박영진,김지성,Kang, Min Goo,Park, Young Jin,Kim, Ji Seong 대한토목학회 2013 대한토목학회논문집 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구에서는 저수지 취수탑에 연결된 방류관의 게이트 직하류에서 발생하는 공기연행현상에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 수리모형실험을 통해서 파악하였다. 또한 측정자료의 $\frac{Q_a}{Q_w}$와 $Fr_g-1$ 관계를 이용하여 공기관의 연행공기량 추정식을 개발하였다. 측정된 자료는 게이트 하류 흐름에 따라 구분되었으며, 개발된 실험식은 만관 흐름인 경우에 $\frac{Q_a}{Q_w}=0.0304(Fr_g-1)^{1.0622}$, 자유수면 흐름인 경우에 $\frac{Q_a}{Q_w}=0.0271(Fr_g-1)^{1.8205}$이었다. 측정 자료와 기존 연구결과들의 비교를 통해서 측정 자료가 기존 실험식의 추정 결과와 유사한 분포를 나타내고 측정 자료의 신뢰성이 확보된 것으로 파악되었다. 또한 공기관 부근에서 발생하는 공기연행현상은 게이트 하류에서 발생하는 사류 특성으로부터 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. 최종적으로 하류 만관 흐름 조건에 대한 실험식은 공기관 설계에 적용이 가능한 것으로 사료된다. In this study, factors that affect the air entrainment within a closed conduit by air drawn in through an air vent are investigated using a hydraulic scale model, which represents a gated circular conduit system connected to the intake tower of an irrigation reservoir. In addition, using data obtained during the hydraulic experiments, experimental equations are developed to estimate the amount of air drawn in through the air vent. In case of pressurized flow conditions downstream of hydraulic jumps, the relationships between $\frac{Q_a}{Q_w}$ and $Fr_g-1$ of the data form a experimental equation, $\frac{Q_a}{Q_w}=0.0304(Fr_g-1)^{1.0622}$; in case of free surface flow conditions, $\frac{Q_a}{Q_w}=0.0271(Fr_g-1)^{1.8205}$. Comparing two data sets observed under the two flow regimes with the results of previous researchers, patterns of the data sets are similar to the results estimated using the equations presented previously, and this indicates that the quality of the data obtained during the hydraulic experiments is ensured. In addition, it is revealed that air entrainment phenomena in the regions close to air vents are affected by the characteristics of supercritical flows downstream of gates. Finally, it is concluded that the equation developed for pressurized flow conditions can be applied to design of air vents.

Meta-analysis of the Efficacy and Safety of Grazoprevir and Elbasvir for the Treatment of Hepatitis C Virus Infection

강민구,강민정,지은희,유봉규,Kang, Min Gu,Kang, Min Jung,Ji, Eunhee,Yoo, Bong Kyu Korean College Of Clinical Pharmacy 2017 한국임상약학회지 Vol.27 No.3

Background: Recently, a fixed combination of grazoprevir and elbasvir (GE) has been introduced to the arsenal of chemotherapeutics to fight against this virus. The study aimed to provide information on the efficacy and safety of GE for the treatment of HCV infection by performing a meta-analysis of literature data. Methods: PubMed and EMBASE database searches were conducted. Among the literature retrieved, pivotal Phase III clinical studies were analyzed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by RevMan. Results: Four pivotal Phase III clinical studies compared the efficacy and safety of GE. When HCV patients were treated with GE for 12 weeks, the sustained virologic response, defined as the viral RNA level below the lower limit of quantification at 12 weeks after the cessation of therapy (SVR12), was 94.7%. The clinical advantage of GE involves its use by patients with cirrhosis and/or renal failure without dose adjustment. If the genotype (GT) of the causative virus was GT1a with NS5A polymorphism or GT4 with resistance to peginterferon/ribavirin, treatment with GE plus ribavirin for 16 weeks resulted in a better outcome compared to treatment with GE alone for 12 weeks. Adverse events reported during the four clinical studies were 71.09% in the GE arms and it was 76.61% in the non-GE arms, with the most frequent events being mild central nervous system symptoms. Conclusion: GE was generally safe and effective for the treatment of HCV infection. However, since HCV mutates very rapidly and becomes resistant to antiviral agents, long-term monitoring should be mandatory.

IPv6기반의 UFID(지형지물유일식별자)통신시스템 설계

강민구,Kang, Min-Goo 한국정보통신학회 2007 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.11 No.3

본 논문에서는 국가 통합 지리정보시스템(GIS)용 데이터 모델과 인터넷 주소정보를 지리정보로 결합하여 인터넷상에서 원하는 위치정보를 찾을 수 있는 지형지물유일식별자(UFID, Unique Feature Identification)와 발생지리정보체계(GIS)를 연결하는 UFID의 개념을 무선통신에 활용하기 위한 새로운 IPv6기반의 인터넷 주소체계 구축과 관리방안을 연구한다. 본 연구의 결과로 전국의 1,500,000여개의 건물에 대한지형지물을 표시하기 위해 IPv6의 주소관리체계는 6바이트의 코드구성으로, UFID에 의한 지형지물식별체계에서 IPv6의 128비트로 URI(Uniform Resource Identifier)식별체계를 제안하였으며, 권역/광역/기초/건물위치/건물정보의 식별체 계법과 DNS관리방안과 UFID사용 환경을 고려한 UFID 통신시스템 설계방안을 제안한다. In this paper, the design of URL structures and managements for UFID(Unique feature Identification) based wireless communications is presented with the combination of GIS and URL address informations. As a result of IPv6 based UFID wireless communications, new methods for URI(Uniform Resource Identifier) informations and UFID communication systems are proposed with a 6byte coded 128-bit IPv6 DNS system for the presentation of 1,500,000 korean buildings.

메가픽셀급 초광각 렌즈의 왜곡영상 보정과 화질분석

강민구,이재선,이우섭,Kang, Min-Goo,Lee, Jae-Son,Lee, Ou-Seob 한국정보통신학회 2013 한국정보통신학회논문지 Vol.17 No.3

본 논문에서는 렌즈화각 150도 이상의 메가 픽셀급 렌즈가 획득한 영상이 통형 왜곡을 보정하는 광각렌즈 모듈의 설계를 제안한다. 이로서 초광각 렌즈에서 획득된 영상은 WDR(Wide dynimic range) 2메가급 CMOS 이미지 센서데이터를 통해 초광각 영상의 왜곡영상을 보정하는 2 메가급 카메라 모듈의 왜곡영상의 화질을 개선한다. In this paper, the lens module of mega pixel type was designed for barrel distortion calibration due to the barrel distortion of ultra wide angle. And the performance of this camera module was improved with the images from wide dynamic range 2 megapixel CMOS image sensor.

통합 프린지 해석 시스템 개발 : 심한 잡음을 포함하는 간섭 이미지 해석용

강민구,주원종,차동진,강보선,Kang, Min-Gu,Joo, Won-Jong,Cha, Dong-Jin,Kang, Bo-Sun 대한기계학회 2003 大韓機械學會論文集B Vol.27 No.11

A new window-based, user-friendly fringe analysis system is developed, especially for analyzing noisy interferograms. The system integrates three major techniques, that is fringe tracking, Phase shifting, and Fourier transform, into a single shell by employing a unified procedure. Since the system is made in a modular fashion and all processing modules can be shared for any technique, a user can select necessary modules and easily edit the applying order of them based on the user's analysis strategy, which should be changed depending on the noise level of the image. The system provides a high-level GUI and a variety of image handling tools and therefore users can easily access the system and produce the optimal results without giving up in the middle of a process even for severely noise-contaminated interferometric images.