야쿠트어 폐쇄자음 연구-러시아어 차용어휘 분석-

강덕수 ( Duck Soo Kang ),김지선 ( Jee Sun Kim ),홍준희 ( Jun Hee Hong ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2007 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.39

Duck-soo Kang.Jee-sun Kim.Jun-hee Hong. 2007. A Study of Obstruents in Yakut through Analysis of Borrowed Words from Russian. Language and Linguistics 39, 1-16. One of the most important constraints in Yakut is connected with syllabic structure. Its syllabic structure is based on CV. So the constraint of "NoGeminates" is strictly applied. And the harmony between features is also considered important. Yakut has the strict constraint on the phonotactical relations. In Yakut a feature [constricted glottis] works more vigorously than [voiced]. This feature is combined with a feature [+back] or [+lab], making new constraints on the initial place: *#[+back, -CG], *# [+lab,+CG]. Finally, consonantal assimilation in obstruents of Yakut is dominated by 2 lows of constraints. VowelHarmony >> Ident-CV[pl] >> NCP >> *[+palatal]# >> Ident-IO; *#[+back, -cont][+back,-high] >> *#[+back,-CG], *# [+lab,+CG] >> [+cont] >> NoGem >> Ident-IO >> *[+voiced]#

티타늄과 그 합금의 마찰교반용접기술 현황

강덕수,이광진,Kang, Duck-Soo,Lee, Kwang-Jin 대한용접접합학회 2015 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.33 No.2

This article describes the basic technical concepts for applying the friction stir welding (FSW) process to titanium and its alloys. Titanium and its alloys are demanding applications of FSW. During FSW, a protective atmosphere is needed at the welding region to prevent the joints from oxidation due to the absorption of interstitial elements (O, N, and H) at high temperature. The process parameters for FSW have great influence on the microstructure and properties of the joints. No phase transformation occurred in CP Ti because FSW was achieved below the ${\beta}$-transus temperature. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the joints with CP Ti were governed by recrystallization and grain refinement. Furthermore, the strong crystallographic texture indicating <0001>//ND formed in the stir zone. On the other hands, the phase transformation occurred in Ti-6Al-4V alloy because the process temperature reached above ${\beta}$-transus temperature. For this reason, the mechanical properties of the joints with Ti-6Al-4V alloy were altered by not only recry stallization and grain refinement but also phase transformation during FSW. Engineers who want to get sound FSW joints with Ti-6Al-4V alloy have to pay attention to the control about process conditions.

러시아의 언어 분포에 관한 공간적 이해

강덕수 ( Duck Soo Kang ) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 2010 슬라브연구 Vol.26 No.1

노한 동시 통역의 언어학적 모델 연구

강덕수(Kang Duck soo) 한국노어노문학회 1997 노어노문학 Vol.9 No.-

노 - 한 자동번역 시스템의 변환과정 연구

강덕수(Duck Soo Kang) 한국외국어대학교 외국학종합연구센터 러시아연구소 2002 슬라브연구 Vol.18 No.1

<언어,교육> : 차용어 유입에 따른 어휘의미 확장 -현대 러시아어를 중심으로-

강덕수 ( Duck Soo Kang ),이성민 ( Sung Min Lee ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2013 비교문화연구 Vol.31 No.-

Russian language tends to be quite open to borrowing. In Russian it has been for a long time the conventional way of expanding the lexicon, accepting many words from adjacent languages, including Church Slavic. In the contemporary Russian English has been the main source for loanwords. There are several linguistic factors for lexiacal borrowing: 1. the necessity of denominating new facts, phenomena or concepts, 2. the necessity of differentiating concepts, 3. the necessity of specializing new concepts, 4. the introduction of new international terms, 5. the increase of periphrastic expressions, 6. the needs for the more elegant and modern words. These factors have caused borrowing to enlarge the component of the lexicon and phrasal expressions, but excessive use of foreign words has brought about negative effects such as linguistic pollution. Some borrowed words are assimilated without serious conflicts, but other words undergo semantic changes in confrontation to exiting words of similar meanings. These types of semantic changes comprise total change of meaning, reduction of semantic scale and extension of meaning. Semantic changes are caused by linguistic factors such as lexical conflict with existing words or by socio-culural factors such as misunderstanding of foreign words, And extension. The first means extending the semantic scope of a borrowed word and the latter - increasing the number of its sememe. In contemporary Russian language we can witness two productive phenomena: qualitative extension by socio-cultural factors, in which words with negative nuances are changed into those with positive ones and professional terms become common words, losing their professional meanings. On the other hand, by quantative extension some loanwords change their concrete meanings of abstractness, putting aside their original concrete meaning as the basic. On the contrary, the qualitative extension of adding the special meaning to general words or giving the concrete meaningto abstract words of positive nuances are negatively used. It is considered that such cases are partly restricted in the spoken language or the jargon. Such phenomena may happen by the incomplete understanding of English words.

러시아어에서 인물지칭 접미사의 사용 변화

강덕수(Kang Duck Soo),정연우(Jeong Yeon Woo) 한국노어노문학회 2010 노어노문학 Vol.22 No.2

러시아어에서 인물지칭 어휘들은 기저 어간에 접미사를 결합시키는 접미화를 통해 파생되는 것이 보편적이다. 그런데 이러한 기능을 수행하는 접미사의 수는 매우 광범위할 뿐 아니라, 다의어 혹은 유의어의 관계를 형성하여, 이에 대한 연구가 어휘론, 조어론, 의미론적 관점에서 시도되어 왔다. 인물지칭 명사들은 기저 어간이 동사인지, 명사인지에 따라 분류될 수도 있다. 그러나 기저 동사의 동작 주체가 되는 동작주(nomina agentis)와 대상을 나타내는 기저 명사에서 파생되는 행동주(nomina actoris)로 구분 짓는 것이 더 유용할 수도 있다. 그것은 동일한 형태의 접미사가 동사 어간과 명사 어간 모두에 사용된다는 점에서 타당성이 있다. 본 연구의 3장에서는 일부 인물지칭 접미사들의 어원적 의미부터 시작해서 사용의 변화를 추적하였다. 먼저 동작주의 접미사로 생산성이 높은 -щик/-чик의 어원으로부터 접미사가 사용된 범위, 그리고 그 변이형들을 살펴보고, 명사 тело에서 문법화 하여 접미사로 기능하고 있는 -тель이 어원어로부터 전이를 일으키어 동작주를 지칭하게 된 과정을 살펴보았다. 접미사 -ник은 과거에는 매우 생산적이었지만, 현재는 전문성을 나타내는 데는 소극적으로 사용되고 있다. 오히려 어원어의 의미가 투명하여 문법화가 덜 된 -вед, -лог등도 전문가를 나타내는데 사용되고 있으며, 접미사 -ун을 통하여는 대상에 대한 능력이나 애정 등이 표현된다. 행동주의 의미로 사용되는 명사 기저 인물지칭 접미사 가운데 -ник은 대상의 행위를 수행하는 인물을 지칭한다. 접미사 -щик은 동사 기저 뿐 아니라, 명사 기저의 인물지칭에서도 파생의 기능을 매우 적극적으로 수행하고 있다. 접미사 -ист는 원래 라틴어 접미사인데 프랑스어를 통하여 러시아어에 유입되어 18세기까지는 차용어에서만 주로 사용되다가 점차 대상을 나타내는 러시아어 어간과도 결합하게 되었다. 접미사 -ан(ин)는 정해진 장소나 집단에의 소속을 나타내는 형성소로 주민을 나타내는 접미사로 전문화되었다. 접미사 -ец는 어원적으로도 지소형, 출신, 소속을 나타내는 접미사의 의미를 가지고 있어서 현재에도 어떤 집단이나 기관에 소속된 인물지칭 접미사로 전문화되어 사용되고 있다. 본 연구의 결론은 인물지칭 접미사들 가운데 더 원형적인 의미를 가진 것과, 반대로 더 주변적인 의미나 용법을 가진 것들이 함께 공존하는 층위화 속에서 특정 접미사가 특정 의미로 사용되는 전문화 과정이 진행되고 있다는 것이다. 러시아어에서 인물지칭의 의미로 파생에 관여하고 있는 많은 접미사들은 아주 새로운 것은 없고, 기존에 사용되어 오던 접미사들이 시대에 따라서, 즉 언어사용자들에 따라서 분포가 다르게 나타난다는 점이다. 그리고 현 언어단계에서도 이전과 다르게 영역별로 생산성에서 증감의 변화가 나타난다는 것이다. In Russian many nouns of designating characters are derived by suffixation, which combines suffixes with base stems. But suffixes with function of nominalization is extensive in number, forming relations of polysemy or synonyms. It is useful to classify nouns of designating characters into two groups: nomina agentis and nomina actoris, because the same form of suffixes can be used to verbal and nominal stems. The chapter Ⅲ examines suffixes -щик/-чик, -тель, -ник, -ун. It analyzes the suffix -щик/-чик, one of the most productive suffixes for nomina agentis, explaining its etymological process and range of usage and variants. The suffix -тель is a result of grammaticalization of a noun тело, which has derived from a combination of a root *t?- with a suffix -lo, acquiring a meaning of nomina agentis. The suffix -ник, once productive, is not yet classified into a category of specialization. In the aspect of specialization the less grammaticalized suffixes -вед, -вод, -лог ensure their usage of designating specialists. The suffix -ун represents a meaning of expressing ability or affection. The borrowed suffix for nomina agentis -ист, originally from Latin through French, is now combined with stems of Russian origin. The suffix -ан(ин), a formant of designating attachment to a place or an organization, is now used as a specialized suffix for residents. The suffix -ец, which has an etymological meaning for a diminutive, origin, attachment, is specialized as a suffix of designating characters. In conclusion, suffixes of designating characters coexist in various layers, irrespective of divergences in their original or peripheral meanings and their usages, and are simultaneously in the process of specialization to limit specific meanings to specific suffixes. Further, from the aspect of specialization. it is worthwhile studying usages and productivity of suffixes in the process of gradual change.

펄스전류 활성 소결에 의해 제조된 나노크기의 TiAl계 금속간화합물의 미세구조와 기계적 특성에 미치는 고에너지 기계적 밀링시간의 영향

강덕수 ( Duck Soo Kang ),김지영 ( Ji Young Kim ),우기도 ( Kee Do Woo ),김상혁 ( Sang Hyuk Kim ),박상훈 ( Snag Hoon Park ),( De Liang Zhang ) 대한금속재료학회(구 대한금속학회) 2011 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.49 No.2

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of high-energy mechanical milling (HEMM) time and sintering temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of the TiAl composite fabricated by pulse current activated sintering. TiAl intermetallic powders were milled by HEMM for 1h, 4h, and 8h respectively. Thermal analysis was used to observe the phase transformation of the milled TiAl powders. The sintering time decreased with increase of milling time. The hardness and fracture toughness of the sintered specimens also was improved with increasing milling time. The grain size of the sintered specimens which was milled for 4h was in the range of 50~100 nm.

러시아 정교 (1) ; 교회슬라브어의 역사와 특성

강덕수(Duck Soo Kang) 한국외국어대학교 러시아연구소 1994 슬라브연구 Vol.10 No.1

N/A N/A

러시아어 차용어 분석을 통한 야쿠트어 음절구조와 모음조화 연구

강덕수 ( Duck Soo Kang ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2005 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.36

This paper aims to show the syllable structure and the style of vowel harmony in the Yakutian language through analysis of words borrowed from Russian. The Yakutian language differentiates vowels in terms of length: long vowels and short ones. Accented vowels in Russian are converted into long ones in Yakutian. Exceptionally. unaccented vowels after palatal consonants become long vowels. because the semi-consonant [i] is regarded as the vowel [i] in Yakutian due to the palatality of Russian. In Yakutian vowels are systematically added initially, medially and finally, In addition, the Yakutian language has an intrasyllabic vowel harmony within a word, This vowel harmony distinguishes frontness from backness, roundedness from unroundedness. Here I show that vowel harmony in the Yakutian language is operated by the principle of the rigid and complicated system.