박물관 내장 재료로 인한 금속부식 영향

강대일(Dai Ill Kang),한연주(Yeon Joo Hahn) 한국실내환경학회 2007 한국실내환경학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of this experiment was to find out the effects on metal corrosion of 2 types of tree, 7 types of wood based products and 4 types of cement that is currently being used as internal museum materials. By using the Oddy test as a corrosion test, with the materials that are used in the museum and the metal test pieces(Gilding, Silver, Iron, Bronze, Copper) are exposed in a high temperature( 60℃ ) and humidity for 28 days. After 28 days, we compare and analysis the difference between the metal test piece that was used before and after the test. We found that gilding and bronze did not occur corrosions on the surface but iron(Fe)and copper(Cu) also silver(Ag) had corrosions on the surface in different forms.

여천 해저 인양 총통의 과학적 연구

강대일,김선덕,황진주,안희균,임선기,Kang, Dai-ill,Kim, Sun-Duk,Hwang, Jin-Ju,Ahn, Hee-Kyun,Lim, Sun-Ki 국립문화재연구소 1994 保存科學硏究 Vol.15 No.-

Scientific study for Chong-Tong was carried out firstly by ICP and C /S analysis. Hyeon-Ja-Chong-Tong is made by Ryang-Ne-Ryo_Dong and identified the oldest Chong-Tong among them same items never since excavated from in Korea. It was found that Byol-Seung-Ja-Chong-Tong includes gunpowder and by $\gamma$-Radiography and casted at the 1592 just before Hideyoshi's invasion of Korea. these Chong-Tong is fired by the fuse is the muzzl-loading.

미륵사지 출토 고대 금동유물의도금기법에 관한 연구

임선기,강대일,김선덕,박동규,강성군,Lim, Sun-Ki,Kang, Dai-Ill,Kim, Sun-Dug,Park, Dong-Kyu,Kang, Sung-Goon 국립문화재연구소 1993 保存科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

Au-Cu alloyed coating layer were found by Hg-amalgam process and it seemed to be used Cu-amalgam process similar to Au-amalgam. Coated layer is dense and unique, Thickness of layer was 1.5 to $18.0\mum$ which had 95.3 to 99.8% purity of gold Matrix metal mostly cosists of forged copper alloy which had high purity and ferrite ($\alpha$) strusture. It showed excellent refining technical level at that time. Aowever, the nail, ferrous matrix used for strength needed, composed of silver foil packed and gold layer for adherence between ferrous matrix and gold layer

양주 대모산성 출토 철기유물의 금속학적 연구

임선기,강대일,문환석,박동규,강성군,Lim, Sun-Ki,Kang, Dai-Ill,Moon, Whan-Suk,Park, Dong-Kyu,Kang, Sung-Goon 국립문화재연구소 1993 保存科學硏究 Vol.14 No.-

1. Metallurgical Properties of Iron artifacts excavated from Yangju-Mountain fortress were studied for the scientific conservation and metallurgical history of ancient Iron artifacts.2. Iron artifacts form Yangju-Mountain fortress were found to be the products of having well-established Carburizing and remelting technique in that period.3. These artifacts seem to be manufactured from very pure ores, because very pure ferrite structure and low impurity.4. Especially evidence of very suitable carburizing technic well-established and usealloying method of Fe-C system on purpose were found.5. Cast iron artifacts were found to be eutectic composition (4.31%) having lowestmelting point in Fe-C system.

유화 작품 색맞춤용 재료 특성 연구 - 복원용 물감과 아크릴과슈를 중심으로 -

최희진,강대일,Choi, Hee Jin,Kang, Dai Ill 한국문화재보존과학회 2021 보존과학회지 Vol.37 No.5

유화 색맞춤에 사용되는 복원용 물감과 아크릴과슈에 대하여 물감별 특성을 파악하고 자외선 및 흡습건조 열화실험을 통하여 복원재료로서의 내구성을 확인하였다. 4개 제조사에서 제작된 총 20종의 물감을 사용하였으며 분석 결과 동일한 색명의 물감일지라도 제조사별 성분 및 발색 특성 차이가 존재했다. 이는 제조 시 체질, 착색 안료로 사용된 안료의 차이에서 기인한 것으로 판단된다. 열화 후 대부분의 시료에서 𝚫E^* 12.0 이상의 변색이 일어났으며, C사의 Viridian에서는 광택 변화도 관찰되었다. Lemon Yellow에서는 변색과 균열이 모두 관찰되었다. 균열은 복원용 물감인 B사의 것에서 가장 많이 발생했다. 이는 제조 시 사용된 수지의 영향인 것으로 추측되나 향후 정확한 원인 규명을 위해 변수를 통제하여 추가적인 연구가 진행되어야 할 것이다. 연구를 통해 색맞춤용 재료의 색 및 제조사에 따른 물리적 특성 차이가 확인되었으므로, 유화 보존처리자는 색맞춤 시 재료별 변색, 균열, 광택 변화와 같은 물리적 특성을 고려하여 복원재료의 선정 및 사용에 신중해야 할 것이다. In this study, we compare the properties and estimate the durability of five oil colors that are the most popularly used colors in the conservation of oil paintings. A set of these colors was obtained form four manufacturers each, and their properties were analyzed by conducting deterioration experiments. Subsequently, we observed the colors and performed X-ray fluorescence analysis. As a result of colour observation and XRF analysis, it was confirmed that there are the differences according to the pigment types, mixing rations and the manufacturers even for colors having the same product name. The deterioration test indicated differences in the appearance of the colors ; for instance, the color difference was above 12.0 in most of the samples, including restoration color and acrylic gouache. In the case of Lemon Yellow a lot of discoloration and cracking occurred, and difference in gloss was ob served in Viridian of manufacturer C. Most cracks were ob served in the restoration color obtained from manufacturer B and were assumed to be because of the resin used by the manufacturer. Nevertheless, additional research will have to be conducted by controlling variables in order to find out the cause. Through this study, we demonstrated that retouching materials for conservation of oil painting differed in their physical properties according to the color and manufacturer. Therefore a conservator should be mindful during the selection and use of materials for retouching oil paintings.

경천사십층석탑의 오염물분포별 현황조사를 통한 석탑 풍화도에 관한 연구

김진형,이주완,강대일,Kim, Jin-Hyoung,Lee, Joo-Wan,Kang, Dai-Ill 국립문화재연구소 2004 保存科學硏究 Vol.25 No.-

The conservation treatments of 10-storied pagoda in the temple of Kyoungchunsa is progressed favorably to come to the finish since 1995. Most of all, the important conservation treatments are stone crack, exfoliation and partial form modification. This pagoda has been made up a complicated structure constructed using 142 stones. Therefore, the stone crack and exfoliation have been occurred as very varied forms. Especially, the stylobate of the pagoda has 19 substitution stones of 48 stones, which is40% of modern stone substitution. It is supposed that there is serious weathering on the stones. The other stones, which are no substitution stones, have some kinds of weathering and so we carried out inside replenishment and partial outside reconstruction of crack stones using high molecular resin and substitution stone. The stone of each storey has also partial difference, but the condition of serious weathering on the whole. We can detect general degree through treatment of high molecule resin or distribution research of contaminated material on 10-storied pagoda in the temple of Kyoungchunsa. Especially, we are able to analyze general weathering degree and know details weathering of each storey or direction for the difference of replenishment quantity and different pattern of stone crack degree. Also, the distribution research will accomplish very important parts of examining environment effects and use as research data of cultural heritage conservation field.

경천사10층석탑 오염물 제거 방안 연구-레이저를 이용한 오염물의 제거 방안 중심으로

김진형,김사덕,강대일,청목번부,Kim, Jin-Hyung,Kim, Sa-Dug,Kang, Dai-Ill,Aoki Shigeo 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

It has been proved that pollutants stuck on the surface of stone architecture have significant direct and indirect harmful effects on them. Among them some do not look evidently harmful, but they have potentials to ruin stone architecture as time goes on. Since the cultural assets have magnificent meanings as historical aspects, their future states should be considered seriously as well as that of the presence. The past method to get rid of the pollutants from the surface of cultural properties has been changed a lot till the present along with scientific development of technology on this field. Existing method to eliminating pollutants are based on physical and chemical processing, which can make damages on them too. Recently cleansing using LASER has been developed in Europe and proved as effective and relatively less harmful to remove pollutants, and it has been adopted widely. After the success of the way by LASER, there are several trials to adopt the way to our cultural properties which have similar materials. Those showed satisfactory results and studies for developing the securer and more dependable ways to apply. From now on the report will show the effective ways to apply the method using LASER on to the similar materials and different materials as well and discuss about the pros and cons about the method.

도.토기의 과학적 분석-전라남.북도 도요지 출토 토기편을 중심으로

홍종욱,한민수,강대일,Hong, Jong-Ouk,Han, Min-Su,Kang, Dai-Ill 국립문화재연구소 2002 保存科學硏究 Vol.23 No.-

The scientific analysis and provenance study of potteries excavated from kiln sites at Jeonla Nam. Buk-do were carried out using XRD,ICP-AES and NAA. We can summarize the following consequence. First, as a result of XRD analysis, it showed that soft potteries consist of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals while hard potteries consist of high temperature crystals such as mullite, tridymite, cristobalite. In case of firing temperature which are determined by crystals using XRD, potteries are composed of quartz, feldspar and clay minerals had very low firing temperature. While potteries having only cristobalite ranged above$1200^{\circ}C$. Second, as a result of correlation analysis using trace element, the selected characteristic elements which was able to distinguish from each kiln site was Ce, Lu, Cs, Sc, Eu. Third, discriminant analytical results showed that kiln site of the Jeonla Namdo were classified into five groups and that of the Jeolna Buk-do into three groups. This suggests that there are no correlations between the raw materials used in each kiln sites.

경천사십층석탑 복원에 관한 연구-탑신부를 중심으로

신은정,김사덕,강대일,Sin, Eun-Jeong,Kim, Sa-Dug,Kang, Dai-Ill 국립문화재연구소 2003 保存科學硏究 Vol.24 No.-

The position of each part of the Ten storied pagoda of Gyeongcheonsa has been changed because of illegal dismantlement and assembling throughout the history. There remain carved letters in the part of pagoda, which let us know the incorrect assembling of the parts, however, we still don't know the reasons. The pagoda has been under conservation process by the conservators from Conservation Science Division in the National Research Institute of Cultural Properties. It is one of the main purposes to find an original structure of the pagoda by appropriate assembling. The existence of iconography and carved letters are very useful in the conservation process. Mis-assembled parts are mostly in the pedestal of the Chinese letter('아') and in the bodies up to third floor. The iconography of the pagoda has many similarities to the Ten storied pagoda of Wongaksaji.

문화재 전시 및 수장시설 내에서의 보존환경 조사연구

홍정기,김사덕,김순관,강대일,이명희,Hong, Jung-Ki,Kim, Sa-Dug,Kim, Soon-Kwan,Kang, Dai-Ill,Lee, Myeong-Hui 국립문화재연구소 2001 保存科學硏究 Vol.22 No.-

The facilities of exhibition and collection for cultural properties is affected by environmental pollution. In order to accumulate a store of basic data, we was investigated eight points(three points at exhibition room and five points at collection room) at four institutes, from December 2000 to March 2001.As a result of investigation, the temperature of A-Exhibition room measured low because of don’t moved HVAC(Heating, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning) System, B Exhibition room is dry for the effect of air-conditioner and the air pollutants concentration of C-Exhibition room is high for the kind of an exhibition room. The air-condition was varied within the open period. The air pollutants concentration of A-Collection room is measured high because the air-pollutants is generated in a new buildings and the air pollutants concentration of C-1 & C-2-Collection room is high for the kind of an collection room. It is necessary to ventilate sufficiently.