Research on Influencing Factors of Continuance Usage Intention to "Study with Me" Live Streaming

가로,무취령,왕경수 대한사고개발학회 2022 사고개발 Vol.18 No.3

“Study with Me” live streaming, as an innovative mode for self-directed learning, is the inevitable outcome of the development of live content refinement, particularly popular with young people. Bilibili is the most important study live streaming website platform in China, with the largest number of young users and intrinsic community attributes. This study seeks to investigate how to construct and validate a model of influencing factors of continuance usage intention to "Study with Me" live streaming, a late-model of information system, based on theories of UGT, social presence, immediacy, and context. The study is to understand 1) the factors significantly impact on continuance usage intention to study live streaming, 2) the degree of influence of the factors, and 3) how to promote users' continuance usage intention. For the purposes online survey and observation were created. The survey was administered to 250 college students and graduates, who all used study live streaming more than one month. The observation was conducted in three popular live streaming study rooms on Bilibili. The results from the study displayed that 1) social immediacy, technological immediacy, and context adaptability all positively impact on social presence, 2) social presence has a significant impact on the satisfaction of accompanied learning needs and continuance usage intention, 3) the satisfaction of accompanied learning needs also directly impacts on users' continuance usage intention.

Research on the Correlation between Context Elements and Users' Immersion of Study With Me from the Perspective of Media Convergence

가로,왕경수 한국전시산업융합연구원 2023 한국과학예술융합학회 Vol.41 No.1

Being digital has become an unavoidable way of life for modern people, and the internet contexts are embedded and permeated in people's work and study, especially for younger generations, through the screens of mobile intelligent terminal. Study with me live-streaming is an innovative online self-study mode, which context has become the key factor for media platform and institution to master users from the perspective of media convergence. The digitalization of content is just the initial stage of media convergence, while media content material and community interaction are the deeper stage of convergence. Study with me originated from the US, whereas it wasn't till the COVID-19 pandemic that it had gained mainstream popularity in China. By far the most popular study with me web platforms are YouTube and China's Bilibili. Young users, with the same exam goals, academic pressures, and similar aesthetic aspirations, are free to choose study with me room and study online with virtual partners. Study with me is readily available on mobile devices, creating interactive, good atmosphere, immersive virtual learning contexts. The paper seeks to investigate the relationship between the context elements of study with me and user immersion. This is to understand 1) what elements study with me contexts contain, and 2) whether the elements can help user feel immersed and thus improve their learning. For the purposes, an online survey was created. The survey was administered to 176 respondents from the most popular live-streaming rooms. The results from the survey displayed below. After extracting and naming the elements of the study with me context as “user's real-time state”, “user's inertia in life”, “space and environment”, and “social atmosphere”, the paper analyzes the correlation between the elements and user immersion. The significance p-values (Sig.) are all 0.000, which indicates a significant correlation between the context elements and the user immersion. The Pearson coefficient of “user's real-time state” and immersion was 0.524, indicating that the two variables were moderately correlated. The Pearson coefficient of “user's inertia in life” and immersion was 0.365, indicating that the two variables were weakly correlated. The Pearson coefficient for “space and environment” and immersion is 0.529, indicating a moderate correlation between the two variables. The Pearson coefficient for “social atmosphere” and immersion is 0.621, indicating a moderate correlation between the two variables. Therefore, the elements of study with me context can affect user immersion.

부이 이니콜로 허브

리니아티 스튜디오(lineaT Studio),Ph. 알피오 가로조(사진) 현대건축사 2019 마루 Vol.- No.213

부이 이니콜로 허브

리니아티 스튜디오(lineaT Studio),Ph. 알피오 가로조(사진) 현대건축사 2019 (월간)Maru Vol.- No.213

The Impact of Green Trade Barriers on Agricultural Products Export in Henan Province and Countermeasures

황기식,가로(贾露) 한국산업경제학회 2019 산업경제연구 Vol.32 No.4

After China joined WTO, the green trade barriers have become a huge bottleneck for China’s agricultural products to expand into the international market. Green trade barrier, as a kind of non-tariff trade barrier rising under the pretext of environmental protection, has a double impact on the export of agricultural products. This paper first introduces the meaning of green trade barriers, and summarizes the green trade barrier measures of major agricultural products exporting countries in Henan province. The export volume of agricultural products in Henan province under the green trade barriers, analyzed the influence of green trade barrier on agricultural products export trade in Henan province. Finally this paper examines the characteristics of agricultural products in Henan province and the main ways to break through the green trade barriers, in a bid to solve the problem of characteristic agricultural exports in Henan province.

고등학생의 수학 능력 증가 신념이 수학 학습 몰입에 미치는 영향: 학업적 자기효능감, 끈기의 매개 효과를 중심으로

왕경수,가로,무취령 한국교육방법학회 2023 교육방법연구 Vol.35 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 고등학생의 수학 능력 증가 신념이 수학 학습 몰입에 미치는 영향과 학업적 자기효능감, 끈기를 매개로 수학 학습 몰입에 대한 매개 영향 또는 다중적 매개 효과를 검증하는 데 있다. 이를 위하여 수학 능력 증가 신념 척도, 학업적 자기효능감 척도, 끈기 척도, 수학 학습 몰입 척도를 활용하였다. 대상은 K 지역 A 도시의 고등학생으로, 2023년 3월 20일부터 5월 30일까지 참여자를 모집하여 설문 조사를 실시했다. 총 419부의 설문지를 수집하였으며, 그중 393부를 최종 분석하였고 통계 분석은 SPSS 24.0 및 AMOS 26.0을 이용하였다. 측정 도구의 타당성 검증을 거친 후 최종적으로 수학 학업적 자기효능감과 끈기가 수학 능력 증가 신념 및 수학 학습 몰입 간의 매개 효과 및 다중 매개 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과 첫째, 수학 능력 증가 신념이 수학 학습 몰입에 직접적으로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 수학 능력 증가 신념과 수학 학습 몰입 사이에 학업적 자기효능감, 끈기의 매개효과 또는 다중 매개효과가 나타났다. 이는 수학 능력 증가 신념이 수학 학습 몰입에 직접적인 영향을 줄 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 학업적 자기효능감 및 끈기가 단일, 다중 매개 역할을 하는 동시에 수학 학습 몰입에 영향을 주는 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이러한 연구를 토대로 학생의 수학 학습 몰입을 향상시키기 위해 교사가 학생의 '수학 능력 향상 증가 신념' 배양, 학업적 자기효능감 촉진, 학생 노력의 지속성 훈련 등 방면에서 교육적 개입이 필요함을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to verify the multiple mediating effects between high school students' academic self-efficacy and grit in their growth view of mathematical ability and mathematical learning engagement. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was carried out with participants from 20th March to 30th May 2023 in K district A. A total of 419 questionnaires were collected, of which 393 were used for analysis. Statistical analysis using spss 24.0 and amos 26.0 software, The study ultimately confirmed the mediating and multiple mediating effects of academic self-efficacy and grit between the growth view of mathematical ability and mathematics learning engagement. The results of the analysis indicate the following: The growth view of mathematical ability significantly influences mathematical learning engagement among senior high school students. The growth view of mathematical ability among senior high school students can significantly influence mathematical learning engagement, either directly or indirectly, through the mediating roles of academic self-efficacy and grit. This implies that the growth view of mathematical ability not only has a direct impact on mathematical learning engagement but also that academic self-efficacy and grit can independently or cooperatively mediate the effects, influencing mathematical learning engagement. Based on these findings, it is suggested that, in order to enhance senior high school students' engagement in mathematical learning, educators can play a role by cultivating students' beliefs in the growth of mathematical abilities, promoting their academic self-efficacy, and fostering their grit.

The Global Dispute on Geographical Indication Protection System among China-EU-USA and Its Implication for China

Ru xie,가로(贾露) 사단법인 한국민족연구원 2019 민족연구 Vol.0 No.73

The protection of geographical indications (GIs) has become an important concern for both developed and developing countries. Because of the flexibility in the TRIPs Agreement as to the systems of protection, diverse approaches have been adopted by several countries for the domestic protection of GIs. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the GI protection system, compare the characteristics of the European Union (EU), the United States of America (USA) and China in the GI protection system. The goal is to find out the differences among the three countries and the reasons for the differences through the typical three cases of evidence and evaluation. It is pointed out that there are certain problems in equilibrium between rights and obligations in China in GI protection.China should respect international rules in GI protection to realize its individual interests maximization.Furthermore, based on this observations this paper proposes the solutions to the problems existing in the protection of GIs in China. According to the study performed in this paper, the shortcomings of the Chinese GI protection system can broadly be summarized as follows: some geographical names are preemptively registered; GIs are collective rights, the generalization of the main group leads to the lack of brand value; the existing protection mode has conflicts; the dual model has limitations. Finally to address these shortcomings, in the conclusion of this paper, some solutions for developing GI strategies are mentioned.

Research on China’s High-Speed Railway Export under the Background of “One Belt One Road” --Taking ASEAN Countries as an Example

Ki-Sik Hwang,Lu JIA(가로) 한국산업경제학회 2019 한국산업경제학회 정기학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2019 No.12

The Impact of Green Trade Barriers on Agricultural Products Export in Henan Province and Countermeasures

Ki-Sik Hwang(황기식),Lu JIA(가로) 한국산업경제학회 2019 산업경제연구 Vol.32 No.4

중국이 WTO에 가입한 이후 녹색 무역장벽은 중국의 농산물이 국제 시장으로 확대하는데 막대한 병목현상으로 작용하였다. 녹색 무역장벽은 환경 보호라는 명목하에 일종의 비관세 무역장벽으로서 상승하는 중국의 농산물 수출에 이중적인 영향을 미친다. 본 논문에서는 우선 녹색 무역장벽의 의미를 소개하고, 하남성의 주요 농산물 수출국의 녹색 무역장벽에 대한 대책을 요약하였다. 또한, 녹색 무역 장벽하에 하남성의 농산물 수출거래에 미치는 영향을 분석하였다. 마지막으로 본 논문은 하남성의 농산물 특성을 연구하고 하남성의 특색있는 농산물 수출 문제를 해결하기 위해 녹색 무역장벽을 극복할 수 있는 주요 방법을 검토한다. After China joined WTO, the green trade barriers have become a huge bottleneck for China’s agricultural products to expand into the international market. Green trade barrier, as a kind of non-tariff trade barrier rising under the pretext of environmental protection, has a double impact on the export of agricultural products. This paper first introduces the meaning of green trade barriers, and summarizes the green trade barrier measures of major agricultural products exporting countries in Henan province. The export volume of agricultural products in Henan province under the green trade barriers, analyzed the influence of green trade barrier on agricultural products export trade in Henan province. Finally this paper examines the characteristics of agricultural products in Henan province and the main ways to break through the green trade barriers, in a bid to solve the problem of characteristic agricultural exports in Henan province.

论WTO上游补贴规则及中国的实践

?光(마광),?佳?(응가로) 한국국제경제법학회 2016 국제경제법연구 Vol.14 No.1

한·중 FTA의 환경과 무역챕터는 총 9개의 항으로 구성되어 환경보호 수준의 지속적 제고노력 의무, 무역과 투자 증진을 위한 환경보호 수준의 저하 금지, 양자 협력 및 환경위원회 설치 등을 다루고 있다. 동 챕터가 가지는 가장 큰 의의는 중국이 기체결한 FTA와 비교하여 보건대, 환경관련 분야의 구체적인 규정 및 내용이 포함되어 있고, 환경위원회 설치 등의 꽤 수준 높은 환경챕터를 구성하고 있다는 점이다. 이에 본고에서는 한·중 FTA 협정문 제16장의 ‘환경과 무역’챕터를 분석하고 평가하여 추후 성공적인 환경관련 통상 양자협상을 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 한·중 FTA는 환경보호와 관련하여 실체적인 의무사항을 규정해 놓은 것은 높이 평가할 만하나, 절차의 공정성 및 투명성 확보를 위한 절차적 제도의 도입이 이루어지지 않은 점은 다소 아쉽다. 이에 절차적 제도 도입을 장치를 사전에 준비해 두어야 할 것이다. 둘째, 환경챕터와 관련된 환경과무역에관한위원회의 역할을 구체적으로 규정해둘 필요가 있다. 셋째, 환경챕터 상 발생하는 분쟁을 효과적으로 해결할 수 있는 적절한 분쟁해결 절차 및 방법을 제시하는 것이 필요하다. 넷째, 환경챕터에서 사용되어지는 용어의 정의(definitions)를 포함해두어 분쟁 시 발생할 수 있는 해석상의 다툼을 사전에 예방해두는 것도 필요하다. 마지막으로, 통상정책과 환경정책이 상호 보완적이고 통합적으로 고려되어지기 위해서는 경제적 효과 분석뿐만 아니라 사전적(ex-ante) 환경영향 평가를 함께 실시하는 제도를 도입하는 것도 필요하다. On August 14, 2009, despite the fact that there was no provision about upstream subsidies in Countervailing Regulation of the People"s Republic of China and its supporting regulations, the Ministry of Commerce of China firstly applied upstream subsidy rules to the countervailing investigation about chicken products from America, set a precedent for Chinese government"s reference to foreign legal rules in trade remedy practices. An upstream subsidy is a domestic subsidy provided to the producer of an input used in manufacturing the “downstream” merchandise which becomes the subject of a countervailing duty investigation. The concept of upstream subsidy broadens the definition and criteria of subsidy, and widens the value of countervailing subsidy to factors of production, which expands the scope of application of anti‐subsidy investigation. Objectively, an upstream subsidy can reduce the cost of producing or manufacturing the merchandise, bestow a competitive benefit on merchandise, and result in an injury to the like industry of the importing country. As a result, it is an unavoidable trend to regulate upstream subsidies in the international countervailing rules and countervailing systems of all countries. Combining relevant cases about upstream subsidy in GATT/WTO, the author makes specific analysis on the judicial gist to capture DSB"s view on the upstream subsidy rules. Then, the author learns from the subjects about upstream subsidy in the WTO negotiation and offers some suggestions on both international and domestic practice, to provide a frame of reference to form a clear strategy in the countervailing practice.