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복지와 노동(권력) : ‘권력자원접근’의 이론적 위상과 한국적 함의
고세훈 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2013 동서연구 Vol.25 No.1
Labour(power) is related to the welfare state both as an independent variable and as a dependent one. The former explains the context in which labour exerts its impact upon forming/developing state welfare and the latter elaborates the degree to which the welfare state contributes to the decommodification of labour. The main focus of this paper is upon the former, namely the question of the subject in forming/developing state welfare. Despite the varied ways of decommodification in which the welfare state embraces labour, it basically assumes the power resources of labour class broadly determines the degree of exposures of the underdogs to socioeconomic risks and their capacity to cope with them. Such an argument, in turn, is based on the premiss that the interests of both the subjects and recipients of welfare state development tend to be more or less overlapping. The larger the size of discrepancies in socioeconomic risks, the higher the potential for collective action on the part of labour class. Since employment relations give rise to the class divisions and labour class, being vulnerable to the risks, generally lacks the resources to properly overcome them, it concerns increasing the power resources and thus lowering the costs by way of collective behavior through trade unions and labour parties. This article reviews the strengths and weaknesses of Power Resources Approach and the major theoretical debates being underway around it in relation to the formation/development of the welfare state and attempts to offer some implications for the future of the Korean welfare state. Such a theoretical concern stems, at least partially, from the practical observation that the welfare discourses and theoretical attempts flourishing in and out of Korean academia tend be lopsided towards the normative prognosis and the micro-level analysis, therefore the question of the subject in forming/developing state welfare being hampered or evaded. 이 글은 복지국가 형성/발전의 주체와 관련하여 이른바 권력자원접근과 그것을 둘러싼 최근의 이론적 논의들을 돌아보고, 권력자원접근의 유효성과 한국적 실정과의 관련성을 살핀다. 이러한 관심은, 부분적으로는, 작금 한국에 융성하는 복지담론들과 이론적 시도들이 국가복지의 규범적 당위성 아니면 복지정책들에 대한 미시적 분석에 많이 경사돼 있어서 막상 복지국가의 형성에 관련한 주체의 문제를 상대적으로 소홀히 취급하고 있다는, 다분히 실천적인 인식에서 비롯되었다. 노동은 하나는 독립변수로서, 다른 하나는 종속변수로서 복지국가에 관여한다. 전자는 노동(계급)의 권력이 복지국가의 발전에 작용하는 맥락에, 후자는 형성된 복지국가가 노동의 탈상품화에 기여하는 정도에 연결된다. 이 논문은 전자, 곧 복지국가 발전의 주체의 문제에 주목한 글이다. 탈상품화 곧 복지국가가 노동을 포용하는 방식과 수준은 다양할지라도, 사회경제적 약자들이 인생행로에서 부딪치는 리스크들에 대한 노출 정도와 거기에 대응하는 역량―대체로 이는 복지국가 지출의 총량적 수준이나 복지프로그램들의 소득대체율 등으로 표출된다―은 넓은 의미의 노동계급의 권력자원에 총체적으로 의존한다는 것이 이 글의 기본가정이다. 이런 가정은 ‘노동→복지국가→노동’의 고리, 곧 복지국가의 형성세력과 수혜자 집단의 이해관계가 크게 다른 것이 아니라는 전제에 서 있다. 사회적 리스크의 편차가 계급관련 집단행동의 잠재력을 높인다는 것인데, 가령 고용관계는 계급적 분화를 낳고 노동계급은 삶의 역정에서 리스크 노출의 정도가 크고 그것을 극복할 자원은 취약하기 때문에 노조와 노동자정당을 통해 권력자원을 증대시키고 리스크 부담(비용)을 줄이려한다.
고세훈,조한국 慶熙大學校 齒科大學 1989 慶熙齒大論文集 Vol.11 No.-
The author had studied histopathologically and histochemica:lly on the 66 biopsy cases of minor salivary gland tumors. The sixtysix cases were employed in this study, 5 cases pleomorphic adenoma diagnosed at the Dept. of Oral Pathology, College of Dentistry, Kyung Hee University, from Jan. 1983 to Dec. 1988. 55 cases pleomorphic adenoma diagnosed at the Dept. of oral pathology, College of Denti stry, Seoul National University, from Jan. 1980 to Dec. 1988.6 cases pleomorphic adenoma diagno sed at the Dept, of Oral Patology, College of Dentistry, Yon Sei University, from Jan. 1983 to Dec. 1988. The specimens were routinely rpocessed for microscopic examination. The results were as follows; I In the 66 cases, 19 cases (28.8%) were from males, 47 cases (7I.2%) were from females, male to female ratio was 1: 2.47. 2. In 19 cases of males, age ranging was from ZCF to 66 years, it shows high incidence at 20th decades (6 cases 31.5%)-- 50th decades (5 cases 26.3%), 40th and 60th decades (3 cases each 15.7%), 30th decades (2 cases: 10.5%). The mean age was 43.2 years in male. 3. In 47 cases of female, age ranging was from 16 to 75 years, it shows high incidence at 50th decades (14 cases: 29.8%), 30th decades (13 cases: 27.7%), 40th decades (9 cases: 19.1%), 60th decades (6 cases: 12.8%), 10th and 70th decades (2 cases each: 4.2%). The mean age was 47.2 years in female. 4. It show high incidence at 50th decades (19 cases 28.8%), and 30th decades (15 cases: 22.7%), 40th decades (12 cases: 18.2%) in the cases of all,patients. The mean age of al patients was 46.2 years. 5.In histopathological finding, duct was composed of tumor cells and squamous epithelial hyperplasia, the aroma was showed mucoid pattern, hyalinization and cartilagenous pattern. 6.In PAS reaction, ductal cells were moderate positive, squamous epithelium was positive and connective tissue was negative or slightly positive. In mucicarrnine stain, mucoid was stained with reddish-brown reacted in hyperplastic duct. In VanGieson stain, collagen fibers were stained with red between the parenchymal storma.