플라즈마를 이용한 배연탈황·탈질 동시처리를 위한 촉매필터에 관한 실험적 연구

한영욱,정철헌,조경민,이상권 한국외국어대학교 환경과학연구소 2000 환경과학지 Vol.2 No.-

Crystal Structure of a Methanol Sorption Complex of Dehydrated Partially Cobalt(Ⅱ)-Exchanged Zeoite A

韓榮旭,張世福,金洋 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1993 科學敎育硏究 Vol.18 No.-

부분적으로 Co^2+ 이온으로 치환한 제올라이트 A를 탈수한 후 메탄올을 흡착한 결정구조(a=12.169(1) A)를 입방공간군 Pm3m를 사용하여 단결정 X-선 회절법으로 해석하고 정립화하였다. 이 결정은 360˚C에서 2±10^+Torr 하에서 2일간 진공 탈수한 후 22(1)˚C에서 약 104Torr의 메탄올 증기로 약 1시간동안 흡착시켰다. Full-matrix 최소자승법 정밀화 계산에서 1>3α(1)인 147개의 독립 반사를 사용하여 최종 오차 인자를 R1=0.061, R2=0.062까지 정밀화시켰다. 단위세포당 4개의 Co^2+ 이온과 1.5개의 Na^+ 이온은 6-링 산소와 결합하고 있었다. 4개의 Co^2+ 이온은 0(3)의 (111) 평면에서 큰 동공 쪽으로 약 0.44 (18)A 들어가 위치하고 1.5개의 Na^+ 이온은 0(3) (111)평면에서 소다라이트 동공 깊숙히 약 0.55A 들어간 자리에 이치하고 있다. 단위세포당 약 6.5개의 메탄올 분자가 흡착되었다. 단위세포당 약 6.5개의 메탄올 분자는 큰 동공 내에 위치하였고 4개의 Co^2+ 이온과 2.5개의 Na^+ 이온과 결합하고 있다.. 4개의 산소는 6-링에 위치한 Co^2+ 이온과 결합하고 나머지 2개의 산소는 6-링에 위치한 Na^+ 이온과 결합하고 있다. The crystal structure of a methanol sorption complex of dehydrated partially Co(Ⅱ)-exchanged zeolite A, Co_4Na_4-A 6.5CH_3OH(a=12.169(1) A˚), has been determined by singlecrustal x-ray diffraction techniques in the cubic space group Pm3m at 21(1)℃. Co_4Na_4-A was dehydrated at 360℃ and 2×10^-6 Torr for 2 days, followed by exposure to about 105 Torr of methanol vapor at 22(1)℃ for 1 hr. The structure was refined to fina error indices, R_1=0.061 and R_3=0.060 with 147 reflections, for which Ⅰ > 3σ(Ⅰ). In this structure, four Co^2+ ions and 1.5 Na^+ ions per unit cell lie at 6-ring positions:the Na^+ ions are recessed 0.444(18)A˚ into the sodalite unit and the Co(Ⅱ) ions extend ca. 0.55A˚ into the large cavity. 2.5 Na^+ ions lie in an 8-oxygen ring plane. The 6.5 methanol molecules are sorbed per unit cell. The 6.5 methanol oxygens, all in the large cavity, associate with the 4 Co^2+ ions and 2.5 Na^+ ions in two ways:four oxygens coodinate to 6-ring Co^2+ ions, and two coordinate to 8-ring.

초등학교 4,5,6학년의 환경문제에 대한 인식 연구

한영욱,권영혜 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 1998 科學敎育硏究 Vol.23 No.-

Lately, the earth has been polluted and destroyed seriously by the environmental factors, and has been threatened by the various pollution. In this respects, this study has been carried to understand the elementary school students' consciousness for the environment. The purpose of the work is also to teach the elementary students to cope the environmental pollutions and to supply them the basic materials to strengthen their recognitions to the pollutions. The analysis for the materials of thesis was made up of the objective questions developed through the Research and Development. The contents of the analysis were to investigate four area in details.;the attention and recognition concerning environment, environmental factors, pollution, and protections and desirable residences. The enquette was done by 843 students from three schools in Pusan. This results showed that the elementary school students have responded highly negative to the environmental problems. The major findings are as follows.: 1. Students usually recognize the environmental pollution through reading newspapers of watching TV rather than school education. 2. Students think that the quality of air is getting worse and major factor of air pollution is the exhausted gases of automobiles. 3. Students think that water pollution is accelerating by the increase of domestic and industrial sewages, the overuse of the agricultural chemicals, acid rain and so on. 4. Students think that soil pollution is mainly due to factory sewage, living sewage, heavy metal, recalcitrant materials such as various vinyls and plastics, and so on. 5. Most students worry out the pollution of our country. But they think it can be diminished if we remove the origin of pollutions. 6. Students are getting to recognize the importance of protecting the nature. 7. Most students express that the best residences are the beautiful country villages and the suburbs. From these analyses, it is necessary to improve the positive recognitions to understand the importance of environment. The Government should have a powerful plans to eliminate the pollutions and to teach students to enforce the environmental protection.

초등학교 학생들의 가상현상에 대한 개념 연구 : 물의 순환 과정 중심으로 centering around circulation of water

한영욱,박선희 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 科學敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.-

We study which kind of the concepts of the circulation of water of elementary students have. We investigated the children's answers on the circulation of water with a paper test. The results are as follows: (1) The concept of evaporation and heat sources are highly understood. But, measurement of evaporation is poorly understood. (2) The children poorly understand that dew and fog are formed of condensation of vapor. (3) The children know that forming of the cloud, and the process of raining and snowing. However, they don't nearly understand development of the condensation of vapor with forming cloud. (4) They don't understand about the whole circulation of water.

부산시의 SO_2와 NO_2 농도 변화 특성에 관한 연구(Ⅱ)

한영욱,배혜진 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2000 科學敎育硏究 Vol.25 No.-

This study analysed SO_2 and NO_2 concentration data and various data of meteorological factors to investigate the characteristics of SO_2 and NO_2 concentration variation and determined how the high SO_2 and NO_2 concentration was generated under the meteorological condition. The characteristics of SO_2 and NO_2 concentration variation and the characteristics of SO_2 episode day(≥40 ppb) and NO_2 episode day(≥40∼60 ppb) were discussed on the base of the SO_2 and NO_2 concentration data by air quality monitoring system in Pusan. According to the work, SO_2 concentration was decreased and NO_2 concentration had high generation of traffic density. SO_2 episode day and NO-2 episode day was annually decreasing. The frequency of episode day is the most in winter. The high concentration of SO_2 and NO_2 were occurred in narrow bounds and were not continued for long. Low mean wind speed were important meteorological parameter accompanying with the high episode days.

지각 변화 및 기초 지질 현상에 대한 아동들의 인식

한영욱,이우경 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2002 科學敎育硏究 Vol.27 No.-

In this work, the children's recognition on the concepts related to the change of the earth crust and basic geological phenomena was investigated. The results are as follows ; 1. The 4th grade students understood well about the concept of erosion. About the weathering, their understanding grow with grade. 2.The 4th grade students know well the work of running water because they are right after the learning. However the 5th, and 6th grade students' understanding is relatively low. 3. The 4th grade students understood well about the concept of the submarine topography. Among the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade students, boys understand better than girls. 4. About the sedimentation, student's understandings grow with grade. Most of the 5th grade students know well about the order of strata. Girls generally understand better than boys. 5. About the fossil, the 3rd, and 4th grade students' understanding is low and that of 5th, and 6th grade students in rather high. 6. Children's understanding the concept on the volcanic activity is relatively low. Their understandings do not grow with grade. 7. children know the frequent earthquake region and the damage from earthquake. Their understandings increases with grade. But children do not know why the earthquake place, even though the 6th grade students learn about it. 8. Most of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th grade students can not understand the concept of the rock classification and the metamorphism of the rock. Even the 6th grade students' understanding is not very high.

초등학교 암석원의 실태분석 및 암석단원 지도를 위한 효과적인 방안 모색

한영욱,심재윤 부산교육대학교 교육대학원 2005 논문집 Vol.7 No.-

본 연구는 암석원의 형태 및 관리 실태, 설치된 암석의 종류 및 암석원에 대한 인식도와 활용도를 알아보기 위해 부산광역시 및 인근 도시의 97개 초등학교를 대상으로 하였으며 설문지에 적극적으로 응답한 22개 초등학교의 암석원에 관한 설문지를 분석하였다. 그 중에서 옥외 암석원을 가진 20개 학교 중 19개 학교에 대해서는 각각의 학교를 직접 방문하여 직접 암석원의 관리상태, 학생들의 관찰 용이도 및 암석의 육안 감정으로 암석명의 정확도를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 과학과 학습지도를 위한 암석원을 갖추고 있는 학교는 전체 표집 학교 수의 약 58%에 지나지 않았으며 암석의 수도 30점 미만이 대부분이었으며 암석원의 형태 및 배열 순서도 한줄로 길게와 무작위로 배열되어 있는 경우가 과반에 이르렀다. 암석원의 활용도 면에서는 77%가 연 1-2회에 한정되어 있으며 수업의 형태도 한 두 가지 방법에 머무르고 있었다. 암석원에 대한 교사들의 인식 부분에 있어서 암석명에 대한 신뢰도는 73%가 신뢰하지 못하고 있으며 암석 학습에 관해 77%의 교사가 도움의 필요성을 인식하고 있었다. 직접 현장을 방문해 조사한 결과 90% 이상의 학교에서 암석명의 정정 필요성이 있었다. This study is focused to propose policy suggestions and recommendations for the improvement of teaching a rocks unit through the analysis of the rocks garden's current status. A survey questionnaire was developed to survey perceptions of teachers and the actual rocks garden's condition and how to using it at 97 elementary schools. Twenty-two out of 97 teachers responded to the questionnaires. On the basic of questionnaire analysis. The findings of this study are as follows. First, there are only 58% elementary schools have the rocks garden for a rocks unit's lesson. Also, usually they have under thirty rocks in there. Second, the majority of the rocks garden were formed only one line and arranged at random. Third, the rocks garden is used once or twice in a year and teachers use a few teaching methods. Forth, on teachers perceptions, 73 percents of theacers don't put confidence in rocks' name and they need to help using the rocks garden and teaching a rocks unit. Fifth, over 90 percents of the rocks garden have wrong name tags. Therefore, they need to make a correction. It is suggested that: First, for the improvement science education, each elementary school essentially have a rocks garden, give an explanation and administer it. Second, whenever the rocks garde is opened for using it, but students have no interest in it. Therefore teachers consider practical using. Third, for the improvement teaching a rock unit, we need to development teaching-learning methods using the rocks garden and expand the reeducation of elementary teachers.

플라즈마 반응기에서 전극의 배열에 따른 탈질반응의 변화

한영욱,이상권 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 2003 環境科學論文集 Vol.24 No.-

플라즈마를 이용한 배연탈황/탈질 동시처리에 관한 많은 연구들이 전기에너지나 첨가제가 SO_2/NOX의 제거효율에 미치는 영향을 살펴보기 위하여 수행되어 왔다. 이러한 연구결과들에 의하면, 플라즈마가 SO_2의 제거에는 커다란 영향을 주지 못하지만, NOX의 제거에는 인가되는 전기에너지에 따라 탈질율이 변화하는 것으로 보고되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 반응기에 최적의 에너지를 인가하는 방법을 조사하기 위하여 전극 배열에 따른 탈질율의 변화를 확인하기 위한 실험을 수행하였고, 상세한 실험결과는 본문 중에 제시되었다. 본 실험결과, 플라스마를 이용한 배연탈황/탈질의 효율적인 동시처리를 위해서는 방전극의 구조 및 그 영향에 대한 연구, 특히 에너지 소모량을 최소화하는 방전극의 최적화에 대한 연구의 필요성을 암시하고 있다. Many experimental studies on the combined removal of SO_2 and NOX using plasma for the flue gas desulfurization and denitrification have been performed in order to investigate the effect of electric power or additives on the SO_2/NOX removal. The results showed the plasma was not effective on the removal of SO_2, but the change of NOX removal rate by the electric power has been observed. Therefore, this study has been performed to examine the optimized electric power. The effect of arrangement of electrode on th electricity density has been examined to observe the transfer of electric energy, and then the effect of electricity density on the NOX removal has been experimentally observed. The experimental results were discussed in this paper. The results obtained from the experiments suggested the necessity of further study on the structure of discharging electrode and its effect, and the development of the optimized electrode to minimize the energy consumption.

초등 과학 지구 영역 '암석' 단원에 대한 학습차원의 하위 범주 분석

한영욱,최정미,곽민숙 부산교육대학교 과학교육연구소 2005 科學敎育硏究 Vol.30 No.-

In this study, the earth units rock in center of elementary school science were classified to the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning out of the 7th National Curriculum using the Demensions of Learning Project developed by ASCD in USA. Also they were investigated which lower categories of Dimensions of Learning were used to the Curriculum. The results were as follows ; First, the percentages of using lower categories of Dimensions of Learning were difference especially subject. subject F, C(21varieties) were used plentifully and subject D(16varieties) was used few. This result is because quality of subject. second, the average percentages of using the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning was similar according to grade 3 to 6. For example, the average percentages of using the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning was similar by 69.6%, 66.1%, 60.7%, 67.9%. third, percentages of using the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning was becoming intensively in Dimension 1 and Dimension 2 (Attitudes and Perception, Acquir and Integrate Knowledge). forth, Consequently in Grade especially use ratio of Dimension 5, grade 3, 4 to compare in grade 5, 6 was plentifully used. fifth, Consequently in time especially the average percentages of using the lower categories of Dimensions of Learning was a great extent in 6th grade. the results are considered to agrees with a research result which evenly using, accomplishing is high. sixth, look of Dimension 2 were used plentifully. Because of observatioing is many and data provision picture is many.

The Importance of Jumps and Structural Breaks in the Long Memory Volatility of Cryptocurrency Prices

한영욱 한국금융공학회 2023 금융공학연구 Vol.22 No.1

This paper deals with the long memory volatility in the daily returns of four cryptocurrency prices (Bitcoin, Dogecoin, Ethereum and XRP) taking into account the importance of structural breaks and jumps. By using three different types of fractional integration models (FIGARCH, Adaptive FIGARCH and Poisson jump-FIGARCH), this paper shows statistical evidence that the daily returns of the cryptocurrency prices display the significant long memory volatility process with the order of integration. Also, this paper finds apparent decreases in the degree of the long memory volatility in the cryptocurrency prices after accounting for the structural breaks and the jumps. Thus, this paper provides strong evidence for the importance of the structural breaks and the jumps in the long memory volatility process of the cryptocurrency prices, and suggests that market participants need to factor the long memory volatility process of the cryptocurrency prices in their valuation, risk-adjusted portfolio, forecasting and market efficiency models.