環境犯罪에 대한 效率的인 刑事制裁

金炯德 順天大學校 1991 論文集 人文社會科學篇 Vol.10 No.-

In our country, the countermeasure against environmental pollution mainly has depended upon the administrative regulation and the sanction against environmental crime has been executed primarily to ensure the efficiency of environmental administration. But in general view of the foreign countries, it is the criminal law that generally copes with the serious environmental crime. This paper aims to regulate the environmental pollution in the viewpoint of environmental crime. For that purpose, first, I attempt to reveal the basic problems of environmental crime. Second, the practical enforcement of the environmental criminal law is examined deeply. In conclusion, it is desirable to recognize the independence of environmental crime and criminal law and prescribe them in the penal code. The environmental crime should be coped with by the efficient measures. For that, the environmental crime should be dealt with in the same way of denting with the traditional and typical crime and the strict prosecution should be carried out. And our people's continual concern as well as the cooperation between the environmental administrative agencies and investigation facilities is needed above all.

상행 대동맥에 발생한 일차적인 혈전증

김형덕,박형복 대한내과학회 2022 대한내과학회 추계학술대회 Vol.2022 No.2

기업특성에 따른 환경규제 위반과 환경회계 교육의 필요성에 관한 연구

김형덕,홍지윤,정진향 한국상업교육학회 2013 상업교육연구 Vol.27 No.2

본 연구는 외감법 적용대상 기업을 분석대상으로 하여, 기업의 환경규제위반과 환경규제준수능력의 관계를 기술적 측면, 재무적 측면, 구조적 측면을 바탕으로 실증분석 하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, R&D투자비중이 높을수록 환경규제준수능력이 있는 것으로 확인되었는데, 이는 R&D투자 확대로 인한 환경기술능력의 향상은 환경규제준수능력이 있다고 할 수 있다. 둘째, 기업의 재무적 측면인 유동비율, 부채비율, 현금흐름, 영업이익률이 환경규제준수능력에 영향을 미치는지를 분석한 결과 유의한 결과를 얻지 못하고 기각되었다. 이는 재무성과가 더 좋은 기업일지라도 반드시 환경에 투자를 하는 것이 아니라는 것을 시사하고 있다. 셋째, 구조적 측면인 자본집약도와 종업원비중, 기업규모(size), 수출비중이 환경규제위반과 준수능력에 영향을 미치는지 검증하였다. 유형자산이 많은 자본집약적 기업일수록 유의하게 환경규제를 위반한다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 기업규모가 클수록, 종업원비중이 높을수록 유의하게 환경규제준수능력이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 기업규모가 크면 PR, IR등 대외관계가 중요하기 때문에 환경규제를 준수하고자 노력할 것으로 여겨진다. 반면에, 수출비중과의 관계에서는 유의한 결과를 얻지 못하였다. 분석 결과를 종합하여 볼 때, 기업이 지속적인 성장과 환경문제를 동시에 고려할 수 있도록 지원하는 의사결정 도구로서 환경회계에 대한 교육이 필요한데, 이는 기업이 환경문제에 능동적이면서 지속적으로 대응하는데 도움이 될 뿐 아니라 다양한 이해관계자들이 기업의 환경성과와 환경투자 등에 대한 정보를 요구할 때 이를 만족시킬 수 있는 능력을 갖출 수 있기 때문이다. This study investigates the relationship between violation of environmental regulations and firms' characteristics in technical, financial and structural aspects. The main research findings are as follows. First, technical ability affects violation tendency of environmental regulations. It is recognized that as R&D investment increases, violation likelihood of environmental regulations decreases. It can be conjectured that R&D investment may improve technical abilities of observing environment regulations. Second, As proxies of financial capabilities, the current ratio, debt ratio, cash flow, and profitability are used. The results indicate that there is no relationship between financial proxies and violation likelihood of environmental regulations. It represents that a firm with better cash flow or profitability does not always invest more on environment matters. Third, structural aspects of a firm such as capital intensity, the number of employees, the size of a firm and export ratio are investigated. It is found that a firm with higher capital intensity tends to violate environmental regulations. However, it is observed that as the number of employees or industry size increases, violation likelihood of environmental regulations decreases. Since relationship with outside stakeholders such as PR and IR are significantly important to a sizable firm, such a firm makes an effort on observance of environmental regulations.

社會保護處分의 現況과 問題點

金炯德 순천대학교 사회과학연구소 1987 社會科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

The purpose of the criminal law is to protect society against offense. Till now the retributive penalty has performed as a means for the maintenance of the social order. But it has not actively carried out the fundamental goal of the criminal law, for it cannot have the capability to defend society effectively against increasing crimes and especially insane, habitual offenders. Therefore Security Measures has been required as an effective sanction to defend society against crimes by educating, improving offenders and making them return to the society and thereby protecting society against their second offense. The Security Measures System as criminal sanctions has been regularly put into force in our country since the Social Protection Act was enacted and promulgated on December 18, 1980. The Act provides Protective Custody for dangerous ecidivists and Curing and Recovering Custody for toxic offenders, such as insane persons, anesthetic, alcoholic and Protective Supervision as a kind of Security Measures. Being enacted suddenly in the period of political transition without sufficient preparations, the Act has lots of problems in both system itself and its application. Thus this paper examined the actual condition of operation of the Social Protection Measures and indicated its problems through the theory and the judicial precedents. Furthermore, we should continually study, reexamine and improve the Act in legislation, interpretation and operation, and make this system protect effectively our society against crimes through the all-round study of the problems in a theoretical and practical aspect. In addition, it is desirable to regulate Security Measures and Penalty in a criminal code and to make a systematic uniform code which provides criminal sanctions against crimes. Because the criminal sanctions bring about the infringement of personal rights, Security Measures must be practiced under the principles of protection of human rights, and especially the judgment as to the danger of a second offense should be carefully made and the execution of custody measures should be seriously carried out under the principles. Therefore, in the Act it is necessary to provide the principles to secure personal rights such as "ohne Verbrechen, keine Maßregeln," the right of safeguard and the principle of proportionality etc.

수동구문의 특성과 통제

김형덕 金烏工科大學校 1997 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

This article provides a fully explicit modular analysis of the passive construction. I present a detailed account of this construction, based largely on data from English. I examine what the crucial properties of this construction are and how they are manifested in the Grammar of English. My approch makes it essential to pay close attention to the interaction of syntactic processes and morphological processes. I provide an explicit account of the interpretation of by-phrases in passive sentences and passive nominals and point out the differences and similarities between two constructions. I argue that so-called implicit arguments are not mapped onto an NP argument position, and I consider the phenomenon of "control" into purpose clauses by implicit arguments.

改正된 社會保護法에 관한 小考

金炯德 순천대학교 사회과학연구소 1989 社會科學硏究 Vol.2 No.-

The Security Measures Act is the criminal law. Because the Security Measure is a sort of the criminal sanction. The purpose of the criminal law is to protect criminal by the fair sanctions as well as society against offense. Because the criminal sanctions bring about the infringement of personal rights, the Security Measures must be practiced under the principle of proportionality. The Security Measures System as criminal sanctions has been regularly put into force in our country since the Social Protection Act was enacted and promulgated on December 18, 1980. The Act provides Protective Custody for dangerous recidivists and Curing and Recovering Custody for toxic offenders, such as insane persons, anesthetic, alcoholic and Protective Supervision as a kind of Security Measures. Being enacted suddenly in the period of political transition without sufficient preparations, the Act had lots of problems in both system itself and its application. Thus the Act was amended on March 25, 1989. This paper examines the main points of the amended Act and indicates its problems. In the end, in accordance with a world-wide tendency, it is desirable to regulate Security Measures and Penalty in a criminal code and to make a systemic uniform code which provides criminal sanctions against crimes.

[연구보고서300-10]현대사회와 여성의 생활(1) 1~62

김형덕,노미혜 외5명 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원) 1987 한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서 Vol.11 No.-

A Study of the Complementizers in English

金炯德 金烏工科大學校 1984 論文集 Vol.5 No.-

하악각 축소술을 시행 받은 환자에서 발생한 외경동정맥루의 치험례

김형덕,김준식,김남균 대한성형외과학회 2003 Archives of Plastic Surgery Vol.30 No.5

Reduction mandibuloplasty was first operated as an intraoral approach by Converse in 1951. Since then, it bacame the most widely-operated facial contouring surgeries on the patients who has squared appearance with prominent mandibular angle. Lateral cortical ostectomy, two step angle ostectomy and sagittal angle osteotomy are the popular methods of reduction mandibuloplasty. In addition, resection of masseter muscle during surgery and botox injection before or after surgery have been used widely.Recent advancement of the medical appliances and the surgical procedures have slashed the rate of complication such as facial asymmetry, undercorrection, secondary angle formation, surgical hematoma, inferior alveolar nerve injury, subcondylar fracture, transient facial nerve palsy and infection, etc. Acquired facial arteriovenous fistulas except congenital cases rarely develop after stab injuries or panfacial bone fracture or basal skull fracture. Especially, external carotid arteriovenous fistulas have been seldom reported.We experienced a case of external carotid arteriovenous fistula after reduction mandibuloplasty.

북한 주요도시 인프라 현황과 향후 건설 협력 방향

김형덕 한국도시행정학회 2018 한국도시행정학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2018 No.12