원효의 화쟁방법 검토-최근 3인의 연구를 중심으로

김영일 불교학연구회 2019 불교학연구 Vol.60 No.-

This paper is reviewing the studies on Wonhyo’s method of harmonization with a focus on the recent studies of three researchers, Park Tae-won, Kim Yeong-il and Kim Tae-soo. First, I have arranged the studies so far in this field in terms of ‘content development process’. They can be divided into three periods. In the first period, Park Jong-hong, Kim Sun-geun, and Choi Yoo-jin listed the characteristic elements, in the second period, Oh Sung-hwan, Kim Hyung-hyo and Sato Shikeki explored the best principles, and in the third period, Park Tae-won, Kim Yeong-il and Kim Tae-soo presented various concepts. Second, the recent studies by the three researchers revealed that they could support one another. Kim Yeong-il empirically revealed the general details on Wonhyo’s method of harmonization, Park Tae-won had a deep discussion on the methods based on the theory of dependent origination, and Kim Tae-soo had a deep discussion on the method based on the theory of middle way. Third, the recent studies by the three researchers revealed that they could be compatible with each other. Kim Yeong-il’s methods used when judging “all are right” is compatible with his methods used when judging “all are right and wrong.” Also, Park’s methods based on the theory of dependent origination and Kim’s methods based on the theory of middle way can be compatible. ‘화쟁사상’은 한국불교를 대표할만한 원효의 핵심사상이라고 할 수 있는데, 이 화쟁사상의 중심에 화쟁의 방법론이 있다. 본고에서는 최근에 원효의 ‘화쟁방법’에 대한 연구성과를 활발하게 발표하고 있는 박태원, 김영일, 김태수 등 3인의 연구를 살펴보고 있다. 그리하여 그들의 연구가 서로 어떠한 관계에 있으며, 나아가 어떠한 의의를 가지고 있는지에 대해서 검토하였다. 첫째, 지금까지 이 분야의 연구를 ‘내용상 발전과정’이라는 기준으로 정리해 보았다. 총3기로 구분할 수 있는데, 제1기에는 박종홍, 김선근, 최유진 등이 화쟁방법의 핵심요소를 나열하였고, 제2기에는 오성환, 김형효, 사토 시케끼 등이 화쟁의 최고원리를 탐구하였으며, 제3기에는 박태원, 김영일, 김태수 등이 각자의 독특한 관점으로 다양한 연구결과를 제시한 것을 볼 수 있다. 둘째, 최근 3인의 연구는 서로 정립(鼎立)할 수 있음을 밝혔다. 즉, 원효의 화쟁방식을 실증적으로 분석한 김영일의 연구에는 2가지 경우가 있는데, ‘제설이 모두 옳다’의 경우는 연기설에 근원을 둔 ‘문의 사유’에 대해서 탐구한 박태원의 연구와 관련이 깊으며, ‘제설이 옳고 그르다’의 경우는 중도설(중관의 논리)에 연원을 둔 ‘사구 논리’에 대해서 연구한 김태수의 연구와 관련이 깊다. 셋째, 최근 3인의 연구는 서로 호환(互換)할 수 있음도 밝혔다. 형식적인 측면에서 볼 때, 김영일이 말한 ‘제설이 모두 옳다’는 판정일 때와 ‘제설이 옳고 그르다’는 판정일 때 사용하는 방법은 호환될 수 있다. 또한, 내용적인 측면에서 볼 때, 박태원이 말한 연기설을 근거로 하는 ‘문(門)의 사유’라는 방법과, 김태수가 말한 중도설을 근거로 하는 ‘사구(四句) 논리’라는 방법도 서로 호환될 수 있다.

자동제어시리즈 (3) - 중앙난방에서 시간표와 On/Off 제어 방식의 비교

김영일,Kim, Yeong-Il 대한기계설비건설협회 2009 기계설비 Vol.229 No.-

본지는 자동제어설비협의회(위원장 최전남) 제공으로 지난 6월호부터 자동제어시리즈를 게재하고 있다. 이번 호에는 중앙난방 제어 방식으로 김영일 서울산업대학교 교수의 '중앙난방에서 시간표와 On/Off 제어 방식의 비교'를 게재한다. 중앙난방 제어 방식에 대해 기존 시간표에 의한 간헐 난방과 제어 방식 중 가장 간단한 on/off 제어를 실내 온도 변화와 에너지 소비량 실험 및 시뮬레이션 기법을 통한 분석한 결과 간단한 제어 방식이라도 적용할 경우 비적용시보다 쾌적성과 에너지 절약 측면에서 유리한 것으로 나타났다.

韓國의 近代化와 大學生의 役割 : 한국의 근대화와 대학생의 역할

김영일 釜山大學校 商科大學 1966 釜山商大學報 : 부산대 Vol.12 No.2

위암 검진사업 현황

김영일,최일주 대한의사협회 2022 대한의사협회지 Vol.65 No.5

Background: In 2019, gastric cancer was one of the most common cancers in Korea. As a secondary prevention strategy for gastric cancer, the cancer screening has been provided since 1999 by the National Cancer Screening Program every 2 years for adults aged ≥40 years. Current Concepts: The participation rates for gastric cancer screening program have increased from 7.4% in 2002 to 62.9% in 2019. Until 2017, either upper gastrointestinal series or endoscopy were recommended for screening method. Since 2018, endoscopy has become the preferred screening method and 89.1% of the participants underwent endoscopy in 2019. After the introduction of the screening program, the 5-year relative survival rates have markedly improved (43.9% between 1993 and 1995 vs. 77.5% between 2015 and 2019), and the proportion of early gastric cancer detection has increased (28.6% in 1995 vs. 63.6% in 2019). The risk of death from gastric cancer decreased by 47% in participants who had undergone endoscopy screening. Additionally, the gastric cancer screening program is cost-effective, and endoscopy-associated adverse events rarely occur. Discussion and Conclusion: With the implementation of the screening program, mortality due to gastric cancer has decreased owing to early detection. After the completion of ongoing clinical trials in the general population, the primary prevention strategy of Helicobacter pylori eradication should be considered to effectively reduce the incidence of gastric cancer. Further studies are also required to provide optimal screening interval according to the presence of risk factors including H. pylori infection and presence of gastric mucosal atrophy

Effect of Helicobacter pylori Eradication on Long-Term Survival after Distal Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer

김영일,조수정,이종열,김찬규,국명철,류근원,김영우,최일주 대한암학회 2016 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.48 No.3

Purpose Negative Helicobacter pylori status has been identified as a poor prognostic factor for survival in gastric cancer (GC) patients who underwent surgery. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of H. pylori eradication on long-term outcomes after distal gastrectomy for GC. Materials and Methods We analyzed the survival of 169 distal GC patients enrolled in a prospective randomized trial evaluating histologic changes of gastric mucosa after H. pylori eradication in the remnant stomach. The outcomes measured were overall survival (OS) and GC recurrence rates. Results The median follow-up duration was 9.4 years. In the modified intention-to-treat analysis including patients who underwent H. pylori treatment (n=87) or placebo (n=82), 5-year OS rates were 98.9% in the treatment group and 91.5% in the placebo group, and Kaplan- Meier analysis showed no significant difference in OS (p=0.957) between groups. In multivariate analysis, no difference in overall mortality was observed between groups (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for H. pylori treatment, 0.75; p=0.495) or H. pylori-eradicated status (aHR for positive H. pylori status, 1.16; p=0.715), while old age, male sex, and advanced stage ! IIIa were independent risk factors. Six patients in the treatment group (6.9%) and seven patients in the placebo group (8.5%) had GC recurrences, and GC recurrence rates were not different according to H. pylori treatment (5-year GC recurrence rates, 4.6% in the treatment group vs. 8.5% in the placebo group; p=0.652). Conclusion H. pylori eradication for GC patients who underwent distal gastrectomy did not compromise long-term survival after surgery.

바닷물의 기적, 미래의 생명공간을 복원하다

김영일,조영호 충남발전연구원 2017 열린충남 Vol.80 No.-

Discrepancy between Clinical and Final Pathological Evaluation Findings in Early Gastric Cancer Patients Treated with Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

김영일,김형상,국명철,조수정,이종열,김찬규,류근원,김영우,최일주 대한위암학회 2016 Journal of gastric cancer Vol.16 No.1

Purpose: Early gastric cancer cases that are estimated to meet indications for treatment before endoscopic submucosal resection are often revealed to be out-of-indication after the treatment. We investigated the short-term treatment outcomes in patients with early gastric cancer according to the pretreatment clinical endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with early gastric cancer that met the pretreatment endoscopic submucosal resection indications, from 2004 to 2011. Curative resection rate and proportion of out-of-indication cases were compared according to the pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. Pre-endoscopic submucosal resection factors associated with out-of-indication in the final pathological examination were analyzed. Results: Of 756 cases, 660 had absolute and 96 had expanded pre-endoscopic submucosal resection indications. The curative resection rate was significantly lower in the patients with expanded indications (64.6%) than in those with absolute indications (81.7%; P<0.001). The cases with expanded indications (30.2%) were revealed to be out-of-indication more frequently than the cases with absolute indications (13.8%; P<0.001). Age of >65 years, tumor size of >2 cm, tumor location in the upper-third segment of the stomach, and undifferentiated histological type in pre-endoscopic submucosal resection evaluations were significant risk factors for outof- indication after endoscopic submucosal resection. Conclusions: Non-curative resection due to out-of-indication occurred in approximately one-third of the early gastric cancer cases that clinically met the expanded indications before endoscopic submucosal resection. The possibility of additional surgery should be emphasized for patients with early gastric cancers that clinically meet the expanded indications.

중공사막을 이용한 중금속의 추출에 관한 연구

金英一,陳道源,朴東源 동아대학교 환경문제연구소 1996 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.1

In this paper, it was investigated the selectivities for the extraction of Fe(Ⅱ) from delute aqueous solution into TOA and EHPNA as organic extractants by using the hydrophobic hollow fiber module. Extractions by use o the hollow fiber membrane modules are fast compared with conventional extraction equipment because of the large surface area per volume. We were investigated the extractability of the extractants for various systems and to determine the rate controlling step for mass tramsfer in the module, we also examined the effect of inside and outside flow rates of the module. From these experiments, we identified for the extraction of system with high partition coefficient in hydrophobic hollow fibers, mass transfer in the inside aqueous feed dominated the overall mass transfer.

DTW, VQ와 신경 회로망을 이용한 단어 인식

黃英洙,金榮一 관동대학교 1995 關大論文集 Vol.23 No.1

This paper is study on the isolated word recognition using DTW,VQ and neural network, In order to recognize the phonemes in Korean digits, we constructed the neural network in a modular fashion by exploiting the hidden structure of three phonetic subcategory networks. And phoneme-like templates are made by VQ using data which is used at training the neural network. Islated words were recognized by DTW using word templates, which were constructed by phoneme=like templates.

소수성 실관막을 이용한 중금속 추출에 관한 연구

金英一,陳道源,朴東源 동아대학교 공과대학 부설 한국자원개발연구소 1995 硏究報告 Vol.19 No.2

Extractions by microporous hollow fibers are unusually fast because of the large surface area volume. Generally the mass transfer coefficients in hollow fibers will be maximized when the resistance of the membrane is minimized. This membrane resistance will be minimized if the hollow fiber is wet by the solvent that follow the outside of the fiber. In this paper, for the extraction of Fe(Ⅲ), the solvent is TOA or DP-3R. Thus for systems with high distribution coefficients, hydrophobic hollow fibers should be used.