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        李适의 난과 『호남모의록』

        김경숙 숭실사학회 2012 숭실사학 Vol.0 No.28

        李适의 난과 『호남모의록』金景淑 이 논문은 영조대 간행된 『호남모의록』을 중심으로 이괄의 난에 대응 한 호남 사림의 募義活動과 그 특성을 검토한 글이다. 이괄의 난이라는 국가적 위기 상황에서 왕대비와 국왕이 직접 나서서 전국의 민인들에게 의병 봉기를 독려하였고, 이에 부응하여 전국적으로 義兵 및 義穀 모금 활동이 전개되었다. 호남 지역에서는 영광에서 모의 활동이 시작되어 도내 전체로 확대되 었다. 모의 활동은 영광의 都廳을 중심으로 도내 고을을 都會官 - 屬邑 체제로 편제하고 각 고을 간에는 향교를 매개로 소통하는 지역 연결망을 갖추어 체계적으로 추진되었다. 모곡 대상자는 모든 민인을 대상으로 하 였고, 모곡량은 신분에 따라 차등있게 배정하였다. 그 결과 도내에서 모금 한 의곡량이 3천여석에 달하였다. 모곡 활동은 서인계 인물들이 주도하였 고, 그 때문에 북인 계열은 모곡 대상에서 배제되었다. 이들은 이괄의 난 뿐만 아니라 그 전후에 있었던 국가적 위기 상황에서도 의병을 일으키는 등 적극적으로 활동한 사실을 확인할 수 있다. 모의활동의 전말을 기록한 『호남모의록』은 향촌사회에서 붕당간의 대 립이 첨예했던 1760년(영조 36)에 모의 활동 주도층의 후손들을 중심으로 간행되었다. 이는 『호남모의록』의 간행 배경과 관련하여 주목되는 현상이 다. 17세기 이후 호남 사림의 학문적 성향은 철학적인 이기심성론보다는 의리명분론에 바탕하는 節義와 忠烈을 강조하는 방향으로 전개되고 있었 다. 『호남모의록』은 충절을 강조하는 호남 사림계의 성향 속에서 형상화 된 산물인 동시에 호남 사림의 충절 전통을 확립하고 더욱 강화시키는 역 할을 하였다. 그 과정에서 서인 노론 계열이 충절의 전통을 확립시키는 데 주도적인 역할을 하였던 것으로 파악된다. Yi Gwal/李适’s Insurrection and the 『Ho’nam Mo’eui-rok/湖南募義錄』 Kim, Kyeong Sook Examined in this article is a publication named 『Ho’nam Mo’eui-rok(“The Record of ‘Righteous Volunteers Recruitment’ within the Ho’nam Region”)』, which was compiled and published during the reign of King Yeongjo. The reason for such examination is to clarify the role played by the Ho’nam Sa’rim figures, and determine their actions of recruiting ‘righteous volunteers(righteous militia members)’ as their efforts to respond to the insurrection of Yi Gwal. When the insurrection broke out, the king had to leave the capital, and in order to overcome the dynastic crisis, recruitments of ‘righteous soldiers’ and ‘righteous resources(“Eui’gok,” 義穀)’ continued throughout the country. This act of “Mo’eui(募義)” began in the Yeong’gwang area, and spreaded to the entire province. The people who led the recruiting were the “Westerners” party members who supported King Injo’s takeover of the government and also the New regime. They categorized the counties inside the province into ‘Large ones(“Dae’eub,” 大邑)’ and ‘Sub-units(“Sog’eub,” 屬邑),’ and then launched a systematic campaign of raising money. The entire sum of grain collected inside the province mounted to 3 thousand Seok units. In 1760(36th year of King Yeongjo’s reign), the descendants of the leaders of the righteous militias also led the task of compiling and publishing 『Ho’nam Mo’eui-rok』, which was a record of recruiting ‘righteous volunteers’ from the Ho’nam region. Since the 17th century, the academic trend of the Sa’rim figures in the Ho’nam region displayed a tendency of emphasizing the importance of ‘Honor(節義)’ and ‘Loyalty(忠烈),’ based upon the discourse of loyalty and righteousness, instead of endeavoring in philosophical studies of ‘Yi’ and ‘Gi’ and the Human nature(理氣心性). 『Ho’nam Mo’eui-rok』 was a result of the trends inside the Ho’nam region’s Sa’rim society, and reinforced the tradition of loyalty for the Ho’nam Sa’rim figures. And it was the Westerners(the No’ron faction to be exact) who led that trend and promoted it.

      • 취업주부의 가정관리능력 및 행동유형, 가정생활만족

        김경숙 관동대학교 1997 關大論文集 Vol.25 No.2

        The purpose of this study were to find the relation between the employed wives' resources, home management ability and home management behavior pattern and family life satisfaction, and to found out variables which influence them. For this purpose reviewing literature and empirical research were conducted. The major results were as follows; 1) In the employed wives' subjective resources, degree of resourcefulness recognition, of life information using and of communication were relatively high and degree of stress recognition was relatively low. Home management ability was relatively high and home management behavior pattern was relatively morphogenesis. And the degree of family life satisfaction was relatively high. 2) Influential variables on home management ability were age, degree of life information using and of communication. And influential variables on home management behavior pattern were degree of life information using and of communication. 3) Influential variables on the degree of family life satisfaction were age, degree of resourcefulness recognition, of communication, and of stress recognition. 4) The employed wives' home management ability and behavior pattern were to predict the degree of family life satisfaction. 5) In cause-effect pathway model, degree of resourcefulness recognition and of stress recognition showed direct effect on family life satisfaction, age and degree of communication showed direct and indirect effect on through home management ability, and degree of life information using showed indirect effect on through home management ability. These variables explained 65% of the total variation in the degree of family life satisfaction.

      • KCI등재
      • 독일 학교체육의 조직과 체육교과과정에 대한 연구

        김경숙 이화여자대학교 체육대학 보건체육연구소 1988 이화체육논집 Vol.2 No.-

        General education system in West-Germany is composed of grade schools, middle schools, schools for the learning-disabled, vocational schools and high schools. Total duration of edutcation is 13 years, which is 1 year longer than that of korea and already in 5th grade, they are divided into vocational school for preparing college(or university) entrance. Until 5-11th grade of Gymnasium, they have a general curriculum like us, however, in 12-13 grades there is a stage called "Kolleg-stufe" (preparatory course for college entrance), in which students can select their subjects according to the gualification-test for the college entrance, and the fact to be noticed about is that a semester-ststem is adopted, instead of a scholastic year-system. As far as the Physical educations in schools is concerned, there are mandatory physical education-classes and club activities inside of a school. Excellent athletes are counted mainly through general sport-clubs(Sports Verein) and these clubs are in charge of scouting excellent athletes. Class-hours average more than 2 hours which is similar to that of Korea, however, because there are fewer students in a class and because there are enough facilities which can support them, it is consiered that they can implement an effective class. Characteristics of the Bayern's physical education curriculum can be summarized as follows; ㆍA year-goal according to each grade is not specified. ㆍPlacement of class-hours according to the class-contents is clearly given. ㆍEvaluation-contents are indicated. ㆍSwimming, which is a seasonal sport, is emphasized. ㆍIn case of selecting sports as their subject at 12-13th grade of Gymnasium, classes are given for 6 weeks per each semester and 6 hours of class is given per each week(2hrs for theory & 4hrs for practice). In Bayern, according to its regional characteristics, Skiing is adopted as a required selective-subject, so at 7 or 8th grade of Gymnasium. Skiing class is implemented for 1 week at a Skiing-ground.

      • 老人의 家庭生活에 관한 硏究

        金慶淑 관동대학교 1983 關大論文集 Vol.11 No.1

        The purpose of this study is what affects home life of the old people and what problems can be brought on consequently. The factors influencing life of them consititute the changes in the value system and the circumstance as they have gotten old. The changes make the old feel a great deal of conflicts toward such issues coming from living-together with their off spring, day-to-day routine, family problem and finincial matter. Thus, it stands to reason that these points should be taken into accont to make life of them easier and better. 1. Respect toward them from every member of family. 2. Spontaneous efforts for better home life on their part. 3. Health care from family and the society. 4. Enlightment and Support for the significance of home life of the old though social system.

      • KCI등재

        조선후기 사대부가의 山訟 실태와 대응책 - 長城 幸州奇氏家 古文書를 중심으로 -

        김경숙 호남사학회 2015 역사학연구 Vol.58 No.-

        This essay examines microscopically on the real condition and countermeasure of mountain lawsuits during the late Joseon Dynasty, particularly, through analyzing the old documents which are been with the Haeng’ju Gi Family who settled down in Jangseong(長城), Jollado. Gi Family had preserved four burial mountains for hundreds of years. But as many as 11 times of mountain lawsuits broke out in those mountains during one hundred years since the late 18 century. It is the representative example that we can see the prevalent condition of mountain lawsuits during the late Joseon dynasty. In the face of suffering from mountain lawsuits, the Sa-Dae’bu Houses found a way to preserve their burial mountain in the partnership with nearby mountain’s owner. Gi Family could acquired new one in Sunchang(淳昌), making full use of partnership for preservation of burial mountain. 이 논문은 장성 행주기씨가 고문서를 분석하여 조선후기 사대부가의 분산 수호와 산송의 실상을 미시적으로 검토하고, 이를 극복하기 위한 대응책을 살펴보았다. 장성 행주기씨가는 세거지 인근의 祭廳山, 馬項洞, 河南峙 및 순창 巢卵洞 등 네 곳의 분산을 주축으로 길게는 수백 년 동안 짧게는 십 수 년을 수호하였다. 그 과정에서 18세기 후반 이후 4분산에서 총 11건에 달하는 산송에 휘말렸다. 특히 18세기 후반 기태온 대에 집중적으로 발생하여 제청산, 마항동, 하남치 등 세 분산에서 모두 6건에 달하였고, 소란동 분산에서는 19세기에 3차례나 偸葬 피해를 당하였다. 이러한 기씨가 산송은 조선후기 사대부가로서 산송을 겪지 않은 집안이 드물 정도였다는 산송의 성행 실태를 구체적으로 확인할 수 있는 대표 사례이다. 산송 피해에 직면하여 분산 수호자들은 인접 분산 수호자들과의 공동 수호 방안을 모색하였고, 기씨가의 순창 분산 획득은 이러한 상황 속에서 가능하였다. 순창 소란동은 원래 권씨가 분산으로 투장을 당하여 해결하지 못하고 있을 때 기재효가 공동 수호를 제안하며 묘자리를 요청하였다. 두 집안은 完約 不忘記를 작성하여 공동 수호를 다짐하고, 자손 대대로 상부상조를 약속하였다. 그러나 25년 만에 또 다른 투장 사건이 발생하면서 공동수호는 무너지고 기씨가의 단독 수호 체제로 전환하였다.

      • KCI등재

        설문조사 자료를 활용한 문화교육 방안

        김경숙 국제한국어교육학회 2010 한국어 교육 Vol.21 No.4

        Kyung-Suk Kim. 2010. Korean Culture Education through Survey Data. Journal of Korean Language Education 21-4: 77-98. This article refers to a method of teaching Korean culture education through Survey data. Since the 1980``s, related to Korean education, Korean cultural education has become one of the study fields which has been growing tremendously. Various topics about cultural education have been discussed and developed. Generally, in the language classroom, the textbook works as an important tool for language skill development and/or culture education as a part of language education. In that case, the learners can understand Korean culture according to original cultural texts, but the knowledge is superficial, not about real Korean life and thought. Therefore, when Survey Data containing recent material about Korean real culture and life is used in the culture classroom for learners who are interested in the real Korean lifestyle, these Survey Data can be used to provide an efficient method to help students understand, discover, and identify Korean cultural ways which are the same and different from those of their own culture. Survey Data also can be used for immediate lessons and to demonstrate specific instructional methods. Based on these findings, this article proposes a model of Korean education which develops a Korean cultural program and includes a textbook rich in substantiated reference material.

      • KCI등재후보

        리모델링 프로세스의 단계별 적용계획 방향에 관한 연구

        김경숙 한국기초조형학회 2003 기초조형학연구 Vol.4 No.1

        우리나라 건설 분야에서는 유지보수 및 사후관리가 제대로 이루어지지 못해 건물의 조기 노후화가 초래되고 그로 인해 건물의 생애주기가 단기화되어 건물이 대량으로 철거되는 현상으로 폐기물이 대량 배출되어 환경문제는 물론 재건축에 의한 건설소비 에너지낭비의 문제가 지속적으로 발생되고 있다. 그러므로 리모델링 시행이 아직 체계화되지 않은 우리나라에서 리모델링의 효과적 활성화를 위해 본 논문에서는 현재 시행되는 리모델링 프로세스 중 목표설정단계, 시행계획단계, 신축설계단계에서의 효율적인 단계별 적용계획방안을 제시하며 이러한 연구들을 통해 우리나라실정에 맞는 리모델링의 실행이 활발히 이루어져야 할 것으로 생각한다. In present, our existing building increased the serious social and economic problem of the waste of the limited resource and energy from reconstruction and throughly demolition. So, the purpose of this study is to provide the grade system of applying devices of remodeling process, goal of establishment, period of planing, appraise of effective. It is needed to develop the system of remodeling design guideline and remodeling would be improved by a systematic process.

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