중앙아시아의 무슬림 성자숭배 - 투르판의 ' 알프 아타 숭배 ' 를 중심으로 -

김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ) 진단학회 1992 진단학보 Vol.- No.74

변방사의 한계를 넘어

金浩東(Kim, Hodong) 동양사학회 2015 東洋史學硏究 Vol.133 No.-

This paper aims at finding major trends and conspicuous changes during the last thirty years, from 1985 to the present, in the field of Central Asian history as well as the history of Liao, Jin and Yuan dynasties. As a result of our review the present writer was able to find out three new distinctive developments since 1985. The first is the creation and the activities of academic associations and research groups specialized in the Mongol studies, the Altaic studies, the Central Asia studies, and the history of Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan dynasties. These organizations became the central field of scholarly activities. The second is the establishment of the study of Central Asian history as a branch of historical studies in Korea. Before 1985 scholars paid attention to it and published some works related to that field, but it was generally perceived as a part or an extension of Chinese history. After 1985 young scholars who were able to utilize the non-Chinese sources, such as those written in Mongolian, Turkic and Persian, began to publish their works, and Central Asia came to be regarded as an independent historical and cultural area. The third is the rapid expansion of the Mongol-Yuan historical studies. Compared to other areas of research like Qitan Liao or Jurchen Jin, the growing interest in the Mongol empire is quite astonishing. A number of scholars published their books and articles, scholarly books in English or in Japanese were translated, and the primary sources written in Persian and Arabic languages were also translated, which all reflect the degree of scholarly and popular interest in the history of the Mongol empire. In sum, the scholarly researches in the field of Central Asian history and Liao-Jin-Yuan dynasties have achieved a remarkable development. However, the institutional framework, such as the availability of faculty position in universities and the scope of the lectures in the curriculum, is lagged far behind. So what confronts the Central Asian scholars in future would be how to narrow down this gap and to make a stable condition for Central Asian studies.

한국 고지도가 증명하는 독도 영유권

김호동(Hodong Kim) 영남대학교 독도연구소 2013 독도연구 Vol.- No.15

김정호의 ?청구도범례?에서 고지도의 경우 동서남북으로 나누어 작성하였지만 만약 상하·좌우에 약간의 차이가 있다고 하여 전체 지도를 비난하는 것이 아니란 지적을 통해 현재 고지도를 보는 시각에 대한 올바른 방법이라고 생각한다. 독도, 우산도는 울릉도 동남쪽에 있다. ?청구도범례?에 따르면 고지도상의 ‘우산도’의 경우 동쪽이나 동북쪽에 그려진 것은 이해할 수 있지만 서쪽이나 북쪽, 남쪽에 그려진 것은 우산도의 위치가 잘못된 것이다. 왜 그런 고지도가 나왔을까? 그 이유에 대해 해명하기 위해 이 글이 작성되었다. 『세종실록』 ?지리지?와 『신증동국여지승람』의 우산도·무릉도 설명을 통해 우산도는 무인도임을 정확히 인식하였다고 보아야 한다. 울릉도가 울진에 가깝지만 우산을 먼저 들고 울릉도를 뒤에 기록한 것은 우산이 무인도임을 알았기 때문에 적을 것이 없어 먼저 기록하고, 울릉도에서 양자의 관계를 적을 수밖에 없는 사정 때문에 그러한 서술이 이루어진 것으로 볼 수 있다. ‘우산’, ‘무릉’을 순차적으로 기록한 것이 고지도상 본토와 울릉도 사이에 ‘우산도’를 표기하게 된 요인이 되었을 것이다. 울릉도 동(남)쪽에 ‘우산도’를 표기한 지도는 1693년 이후에 안용복이 울릉도와 독도를 건너간 이후 ‘울릉도쟁계’발생이후, 1694년 장한상이 울릉도에 파견된 이후에 수토제가 확립되면서 주로 18세기 이후에 제작된 지도에 나온다. 조선초기의 경우 주로 강원도에서 울를도와 독도를 드나들었지만 조선후기의 경우 경상도, 전라도 지역의 동남해연안민들이 울릉도와 독도에 드나들었다. 그들은 울릉도의 동북방에 ‘우산도’가 있다고 생각하였다. 그런 인식을 가진 사람들이 많았기 때문에 조선후기 고지도에서 울릉도 동북방에 ‘우산도’를 표시하는 지도가 나온다는 것을 염두에 두어야 한다. ‘우산도’가 표기된 지도를 두고 ‘독도’라고들 한다. 특히 울릉도 동쪽에 그려진 ‘우산도’는 독도임이 당연하다고 주장한다. 그렇지만 울릉도 동쪽에 그려진 ‘소위우산도 ’는 독도가 아니라 댓섬(죽도)이다. 영조때 강원도감사 조최수의 주기가 담긴 ‘우산도’는 ‘소위우도’를 빼고 ‘우산도’라고 하였고, 광활하다고 하였다. 이 주기가 담긴 ‘우산도’도 댓섬일 것이다. 「Cheunggu-do Beomre」 of Kim Jung-Ho teaches us how to read old maps. Even though in the case of old maps, north and south, east and west were written down a little differently to real, there is little difference in the entire map. Dokdo, Usando lies in the southeast of Ulleungdo. According to 「Cheunggu-do Beomre」, it is understandable that Usando was drawn in the east or north-east of Ulleungdo. But it is wrong that Usando was drawn in the west, north or south of Ulleungdo. What is the cause of that kind of wrong maps? This article was written to clarify the reason for. It was recognized by the explanation of Usando·Mulleungdo in 「Jiriji of Sejong Sillok」 and 「Sinjeung Dongguk Yeoji Seungnam」, that Usando was uninhabited. The reason why to write first Usando later Mulleungdo, even though Mulleungdo was closer to Ulzin was that they knew then that Usando was uninhabited. Therefore, they wrote Usando on the map first on which there was nothing to write, then explained relations between Usando and Mulleungdo. The Maps in which Usando was written in the southeast of Ulleungdo appeared first after 1693 when Ahn Yong-bok’s voyage brought about ‘Ulleungdo jaenggye’ and 1694 when ‘Suto Policy(Find and Seek Policy)’ was established by Jang Han-sang dispatched to Ulleungdo. Since 18th century, there are many such maps had been made. In the early Joseon Dynasty, Gangwon-do’s residents had been to Ulleungdo and Dokdo. In the late Joseon Dynasty, southeastern residents from of Gyeongsang-do and Jeolla-do had been to Ulleungdo and Dokdo. Many people thought that Usando lies in northeast of Ulleungdo. Therefore, in the maps of late Joseon Dynasty, Usando was written in northeast of Ulleungdo. They naturally say that Usando especially written in the east of Ulleungdo is Dokdo. However, ‘SoweUsando’ written in the east of Ulleungdo is not Dokdo, but ‘Daetsum(Zhukdo)’. According to the maps with notes of Gangwon-do’s governor, Jo Choe-su, ‘Usando’, that is, ‘SoweUsando’ was vast and flat. This ‘Usando’ also must be ‘Daetsum(Zhukdo)’.

논문 : 칭기스 칸의 자제분봉(子弟分封)에 대한 재검토 -『집사(集史)』〈천호일람(千戶一覽)〉의 분석을 중심으로-

김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ) 중앙아시아학회 2004 中央아시아硏究 Vol.9 No.-

상충성능 향상 고탄성 서스펜션 부시개발

김호동(Hodong Kim),정헌섭(Heonseob Jung) 한국자동차공학회 2020 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2020 No.11

Parts of anti-vibration rubber in automotive chassis system have an important role in decreasing the vibration and noise occurred while driving and stopping. They are crucial factors to enhance initial quality study (IQS) and vehicle dependability study (VDS) index resulting from involve vibration and noise, and driving performances, respectively. Over the past years, many studies have been explored fatigue endurance and failure analysis of rubber material mainly to improve the lifetime of anti-vibration rubber parts. However, they are not the only factors to confirm the driving performance of vehicle. In this study, we investigated the optimization of vibration and noise performance with fatigue endurance of the rubber parts to ensure the driving performance and durability of the vehicle.

라시드 앗 딘(Rashīd al-Dīn, 1247-1318)의 『中國史』속에 나타난 ‘中國’ 認識

金浩東(Hodong Kim) 동양사학회 2011 東洋史學硏究 Vol.115 No.-

논문 : 1870년대 카쉬가리아 -오스만 제국 간 외교교섭의 전말과 특징

김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ) 중앙아시아학회 1996 中央아시아硏究 Vol.1 No.-

대장 관샘종에서 면역조직화학염색을 이용한 Telomerase 발현

김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ),오영상 ( Young Sang Oh ),김수현 ( Soo Hyun Kim ),김상필 ( Sang Pil Kim ),신현학 ( Hyun Hak Shin ),박주용 ( Ju Yong Park ),박혁 ( Hyeuk Park ),명보현 ( Bo Hyun Myoung ),김도현 ( Do Hyun Kim ),이영직 ( Young 대한소화기학회 2007 대한소화기학회지 Vol.50 No.3

목적: Telomere는 세포 염색체의 말단에 존재하며 염색체 안정을 유지하는 데 필수적인 역할을 수행한다. 이러한 telomere의 합성을 촉매하는 telomerase 활성이 전암 병변에서도 관찰되면서 이 효소의 활성화는 발암과정의 초기 현상으로 암화과정에 기여하는 것으로 생각하고 있다. 대장암의 전암 병변으로 알려진 대장 관샘종의 형성이상 단계에 따른 telomerase의 활성도를 측정하고 연관관계를 밝히고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 본원에셔 2006년 1윌부터 2006년 12윌까지 대장내시경 용종절제술 또는 수술 받은 환자들 중 병리 조직검사에셔 경도 형성이상과 고도 형성이상으로 확진한 환자 48예를 대상으로 하여 후향적으로 연구하였다. 광학현미경에서 면역조직화학염색에 양성반응을 보이는 형성이상 세포의 비율이 50% 이하로 염색된 human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) 저염색군과 51% 이상 염색된 hTERT 고염색군으로 나타내었다. 염색은 세포의 핵에 국한된 경우로 하였다. 결과: 면역조직화학염색에서 hTERT 저염색군은 경도 형성이상 22예(96%), 고도 형성이상 13예(52%)이었으며 hTERT 고염색군은 경도 형성이상 1예(4%), 고도 형성이상 12예(48%)로 경도 형성이상과 고도 형성이상 간에 telomerase 활성도의 유의한 차이가 있었다(p<0.05). 결론: 대장 관샘종의 형성이상이 경도에셔 고도로 갈수록 telomerase 활성도가 높아졌다. Background/Aims: Telomeres are simple repeat elements located at each chromosome end of eukaryotic cells. The main function of telomeres is to cap the chromosome end and protect it from enzymatic attack. Telomerase that facilitates the synthesis of telomere has been detected in not only cancer but also precancerous lesion. In this study, we compared the telomerase expression between low grade and high grade colorectal tubular adenoma. Methods: Among thissues from forty eight patients with colorectal tubular adenoma (23 low grade and 25 high grade colorectal dysplasia), telomerase expressions were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining. Results: We classified 48 patients into two groups by the extent of nuclei staining pattern. High telomerase expression was a group which showed staining nucleus pattern above 50% in tubular adenoma. Low telomerase expression was a group which showed staining pattern nucleus below 50%. Twelve in 25 high grade colorectal dysplasia showed high telomerase expression (48%). Only one in 23 low grade colorectal dysplasia showed high telomerase expression (4%). Telomerase expression was much higher in the tissues from the patients with high grade than in those with low grade colorectal dysplasia (p<0.05). Conclusions: Activation of telomerase may be related to the malignant potential in colorectal epithelial cells. Further studies are needed to define the role of telomerase in colorectal tumorigenesis. (Korean J Gastroenterol 2007;50:164-169)

삼국시대 신라의 동해안 제해권 확보의 의미

김호동(Ho Dong Kim) 대구사학회 2001 대구사학 Vol.65 No.1

Taking a look at the rock-paintings, Suk Tal-Hae myth, Wooro legend, we can confirm that Shilla had taken a lot of interest in territorial expansion to the east coast since its early age, based on its marine-fishery culture. And then Siljik-Joo in Sam-chuk, Aseulla-Joo in Kang-reung, Sokyung in Asichon were established along with Yi-sa-boo`s conquest of Woosan-Kook during the reign of King JiJeung. Through such activities, Shilla succeeded in securing the command of the east sea(Dong-hae) and the east coast. Shilla`s expansion to the east coast, ranging to Wool-jin, Sam-chuk, Kang-reung, during the reign of King Ji-jeung was probably accomplished in the form of feint operation, not only through the land traffic route but also through the coastal route by marine forces which had been maintained since Suk Tal-Hae` age from rock-paintings. Afterwards, Shilla, which captured those areas, probably launched the conquest of Woolreung-do from Wool-jin. Sam-chuk. These activities made it possible for Shilla to seize t:he rulling power over the east coast, east sea(Dong-hae) and finally make such rapid progress as dispatching Koanjoo(governor), subjecting Keumkwan-Kaya in the reign of King Bupheung as well as capturing the Han-river, the Nakdong-river basin, establishing Biyeulhole-Joo, conquering Kaya, setting up a number of stone monuments, which are now called King-Jinheung-Soonsoo-Bi, in Bookhan mountain, Hwangchoryung in Heungnam province, Maoonryung in Yione under the reign of King Jin-heung. Considerable amount of attention should be paid to the fact that Shilla`s feint operation through the went coast and the east coast against KoKooryu was possible by its taking economic power in the east coast, following its expansion to the east coast and conquest of Woosan-kook. In Shilla`s such a success, Woosan-kook`s coorporation played crucial role. Therefore, Woosan-kook was not so much destroyed as enjoying great prosperities with a relative stability, which was attributed to Shilla`s securing the command of the sea.

이규원의 울릉도 검찰 활동의 허와 실

김호동 ( Ho Dong Kim ) 대구사학회 2003 대구사학 Vol.71 No.-

There were two men who mainly affected the citizens in Ul-leung to have the recognition which Ul-leung island used to be abandoned to island until 1883. One of them was Kim min-woo who first launched Su-to polich during the king of Tae-jong, Sae-jong in Chosun dynasty and the other one was Lee gyu-won who played and important role of opening up Ul-leung island, investigating the island as its prosecutor. Kim min-woo was the person whotook citizens in Ul-leung island to the land and then regard the people enter the island as lawbreakers. The so=called Kong-do policy was initiated by him. By the point of view, it is needed to have a ciritical review on his work. Unlikely Lee gyu-won have a positive reputation thanks to abolishing Kong-do policy and settling towns in Ul-leung island. Whereas, currently if we talk with citizen in Ul-leung island who are willing to be a native, they say they are descendants law in 1883. Addtionally they insisted their ancestors created the history of the island that had been empty due to Kong-do policy. Therfore this report try to show that Lee gyu-won should tate the reponsibility which refers there have been the suspension of the history and named the lost island by making the history poor after 1883. We believe it will be the motivation of review on faulty Ul-lwune and Dok island`s policy by indication the weak and strong point of Lee gyu-won`s prosecution.