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김충식,Kim Choong-Sik 한국조경학회 2006 韓國造景學會誌 Vol.33 No.6
Mt. Yokmang landscape design awarded first in [North container terminal site furtherance construction in Busan new port], design competition sponsoring in the Korea Container Terminal Authority in 2005. Design guideline was to propose the symbol of new port and to establish landscape plan in consideration of view and geological location. Because landscape plan required establishment of restoration plan for cutting slope, Mt. Yokmang became the major object. The purpose of planning are as follows. The first purpose is to minimize existent natural environment damage, and the second, to connect with ambit and create new image. The third is to provide place of rest and interchange for local resident. Reflecting stratum structure and landscape characteristics, cutting slope consisted of [utilization slope], [presentation slope], [landscape slope], and [ecological slope]. Vegetation design applied ecological restoration method through restoration of stratum, and eve environment-friendly afforestation, planned program that can connect area with existing ecosystem. In process that decides form of the cutting slope, analyze view structure and visual exposure in various access routes, sensitivity etc. was accomplished. Also, symbolic tower(Ocean Polaris) that presents in architecture and landscaping features, night landscape planning could gain synergy effect by keeping consistence with landscape and ecological planning. Passing through final design and construction process, I expect that the Mt. Yokmang will be a new landmark in Busan new port.
김충식 한국경관학회 2018 한국경관학회지 Vol.10 No.2
This study aimed to present a classification system to articulate with preservation and application plans with considering designation criteria, landscape resources, structure, management systems, etc. of scenic sites. For this, the study examined investigation reports, designation scrutiny investigation reports, scenic DB construction reports, etc. on Scenic Sites. At the same time, it conducted a complete enumeration on landscape resources in the literature to list them. It also collected the status analysis data on the use characteristics and possession of scenic sites. Via the collected data, listing landscape resources, landscape structures forms, elements for landscape management of scenic sites were conducted. To classify landscape of scenic sites, the study examined resources which had been recognized as scenic sites since ancient times and the resources as scenic sites designated now or resources described in the designation criteria, the resources with potential designated scenic sites later, and created scenic resources. Examining the list of landscape resources of collected scenic sites, the study classified it into natural environment (scenery ecology) and artificial landscape (cultural landscape) according to whether they were artificial. It finally classified the list into 63 Natural Scenic Sites, 35 Living Scenic Sites and 13 Industrial scenic sites according to the formation factor of landscape, and presented the classification basis. The study attempted to subdivide the scenic sites classified into 3 types. For this, differentiated classification criteria were drawn for each type. For management of Natural Scenic Sites, 'landscape structure' and 'redundancy of managing body' were presented as criteria and subdivided into 6 types. Living Scenic Sites could be subdivided into 3 types based on 'whether a structure was designated as a state-designated cultural property' and the 'possessor of a structure'. Industrial Scenic Sites were presented based on 'preservation of the landscape's original form' and 'whether the function continues or not,‘ and as a result of making a practical attempt, they could be subdivided into 2 types. The study is significant in that it suggested a type classification basis and a segmentation method to contribute to efficiency of landscape management by presenting differentiated classification criteria through comprehensive consideration of the designation criteria, forms, landscape resources, use characteristics and management elements of Scenic Sites. 본 연구는 명승의 지정기준, 경관자원, 구조, 관리체계 등을 고려하며 보존 및 활용계획과 연계될 수 있는 분류체계를 제시하는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구를 위해 명승에 대한 조사 보고서, 지정정밀조사 보고서, 경관 DB 구축 보고서 등을 검토하였으며, 과거 명승에 관한 문헌에 등장한 경관 자원을 전수 조사하여 목록화를 시도하였다. 이와 함께 명승의 이용 특성과 소유, 관리 특성에 대한 현황분석 자료를 수집하여 명승에 대한 경관자원 목록화, 경관구조와 형상, 경관관리를 위한 조망요소 등에 대한 분석을 수행하였다. 명승을 구성하는 경관 주체에 대한 분류를 위해 과거로부터 명승으로 인식되었던 자원, 현재 지정된 명승의 자원이나 지정기준에 언급된 자원, 장래 명승에 포함될 가능성이 있는 자원을 검토하여 명승 경관자원의 목록을 작성하였다. 수집된 목록을 검토하여 인공성 여부에 따라 크게 자연경관과 인공경관으로 분류하고, 자연경관을 자연명승으로, 인공경관을 생활명승과 산업명승으로 정의하였다. 자연경관을 자연명승 63개소, 생활명승 35개소, 산업명승 13개소로 분류하고 근거를 제시하였다. 3가지로 분류된 명승에 대해 세분화를 시도하였다. 세분화를 위해서 각 유형별로 분류기준을 차별적으로 도출하였다. 자연명승은 경관에 대한 향유 방식인 ‘조망 구조’와 ‘관리주체의 중복성’에 따라 6가지 유형으로 세분화하였고, 생활명승은 '명승 내부의 문화재 존재 여부'와 '건조물의 소유주체'에 따라 3가지 유형으로, 산업명승은 '원형 유지'와 '기능 지속'으로 2가지 세분화 유형을 도출하였다. 본 연구는 지정기준, 형상, 경관자원, 이용특성, 관리요소를 종합적으로 고려한 분류기준을 제시함으로써 명승 경관 관리의 효율화에 기여할 수 있을 것이다.
SNS 사진과 사진측량을 이용한 정원유산의 3차원 형상 재현 가능성 연구 - 명승 제40호 담양 소쇄원(潭陽 瀟灑園)을 대상으로 -
김충식,이상하 한국전통조경학회 2018 한국전통조경학회지 Vol.36 No.4
본 연구는 사진측량 기술을 과거의 촬영된 사진들에 활용하여 정원유산의 원형 재현 가능성을 검토하였다. 인공물과 자연물이혼재되어 입체 형상 재현 가능성 검토에 적합한 담양 소쇄원(명승 제40호)을 연구 대상으로 하였다. 소쇄원에서 근거리와 원거리의360° 전방향에서 장애물이 없어 촬영이 가능한 조경시설물인 매대(梅臺), 애양단(愛陽壇), 오곡문(五曲門) 담장, 약작(略彴)과 자연경물인광석(廣石) 5개 조경요소를 선정하였다. 인터넷 포털에서 5개 조경요소에 대해 촬영날짜, 초점길이, 노출 등의 정보가 포함된 151장의사진을 수집하여 촬영구도를 분석하였다. 수집된 사진들은 요소별로 특정한 구도에서 집중적으로 촬영되는 경향을 발견하였다. 또한 조경요소별로 이용자들이 선호하는2~3개의 촬영구도가 있음을 발견하였다. 조경요소별로 빈도가 높은 촬영구도 1개를 선정하고 그 구도에서 촬영된 사진들을 이용하여포토스캔(Photoscan) 프로그램으로 3D 메쉬 모델을 제작하여 입체 형상의 재현 가능성을 분석하였다. 제작결과 오곡문 담장, 매대, 애양단과 같은 인공물은 비교적 입체 형상의 재현이 가능하였으나, 질감이 동일하거나 자연 경물인 약작과 광석은 입체 형상의 재현이불가능했다. 선정된 촬영구도와 유사하게 현장에서 촬영한 사진으로 입체 형상의 재현을 실험한 결과 수집사진에서 불가능했던 약작과 광석에서3D 메쉬 모델이 제작되었다. 또한 과거와 현재의 형상 비교를 통해 정확한 크기를 측정할 수 있고 변화를 발견할 수 있었다. 문화재의 관람객이나 조경가 등에 의해 촬영된 과거의 사진들을 확보하게 된다면 그 당시에 입체 형상을 재현할 수 있을 것으로보인다. 이러한 기술이 확산된다면 정원유산의 과거 형상을 추정하고 변화를 고찰하는데 정확성과 신뢰성을 높일 것이다. This study examined photogrammetric reconstruction techniques that can measure the original form of a cultural property utilizing photographs taken in the past. During the research process, photographs taken in the past as well as photograph on the internet of Soswaewon Garden in Damyang(scenic site 40) were collected and utilized. The landscaping structures of Maedae, Aiyangdan, Ogokmun Wall, and Yakjak and natural scenery Gwangseok, of which photographs can be taken from any 360 degree direction from a close distance or a far distance without any barriers in the way, were selected and tested for the possibility of reproducing three-dimensional shapes. The photography method of 151 landscape photographs (58.6%) from internet portal sites for the aforementioned five landscape subjects containing information on the date the photograph was taken, focal length, and exposure were analyzed. As a result of the analysis, it was revealed that the majority of the photographs tend to focus on important parts of each subject. In addition, we discovered that there are two or three photography methods that internet users preferred in regards to each landscape subject. For the purposes of the experiment, photographs in which a single scene consistently appears for each landscape subject and it was determined that there was a high level of preference related to the photography method were analyzed, and three-dimensional mesh shape model was produced with a photoscan program to analyze the reproducibility of three-dimensional shapes. Based on the results of the reproduction, it was relatively possible to reproduce three-dimensional shapes for artifacts such as Ogukmun wall, Maedae, and Aeyangdan, but it was impossible to reproduce three-dimensional images for natural scenery or an object that has similar texture such as Yakjak and Gwangseok. As a result of experimentation related to the reconstruction of three-dimensional shapes with the photographs taken on site using a photography method similar to that of the photographs selected as previously mentioned, there was success related to reproducing the three-dimensional shapes of Yakjak and Gwangseok, of which it was not possible to do so through the photographs that had been collected previously. In addition, through comparison of past and present images, it was possible to measure the exact sizes as well as discover any changes that have taken place. If past photographs taken by tourists or landscape architects of cultural properties can be obtained, the three-dimensional shapes from a particular period of time can be reproduced. If this technology becomes widespread, it will increase the level of accuracy and reliability in regards to measuring the past shapes of cultural landscape properties and examining any changes to the properties.
GIS와 CAD 기술을 접목한 도시경관시뮬레이터의 개발
김충식 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.3
The purpose of this study is to develope the Landscape Simulator aiming to probe the effect of the building control elements on the streetscape, and to simulate the virtual landscape. The Landscape Simulator was manufactured by incorporating GIS and CAD techniques, and was composed of spatial DB, attribute table and main program aiming at the data operation and the inquiry about a result. To develop a simulator, new algorithm for determination process of the building volume and to build database was developed. The meaning of this study were as follows; because the Landscape Simulator made urban-landscape data possible to easily operate at a parcel unit, various tests as to streetscape became available. Also, due to coming to examine into the effect of the building control elements on the streetscape, it became possible to present the basic data to establishing a streetscape planning and management standard through the regulation of building control elements.
김충식,박돈목,이한숙 대한물리치료학회 1996 대한물리치료학회지 Vol.8 No.1
It is urgent to introduce home visiting physical therapy in order to prevent the unnecessary in-crease of demand and extravagance for the nation-wide execution of medical insurance and for the medical demand and supply of medial delivery system. We think that it is very important for us, as a physical therapist preparing 21 centry, to clearly undersand the necessity of home visiting physical therapy, which will be needed as the new therapeutic field in the future. When the terms for a new health and medical system, that is, useful trained-manpower, well-equipped facilities, financial and 1egal support, well-prepared design for this project, positives co-operation between people involved in this project, and rational development of the project is held and this project is settled by sloving the expected problems, this project will give a contribution to the promotion of national health and social welfare.