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김형식,김재덕 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1990 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.20 No.2
Examinations of the temporomandibular joints were performed on a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance (MR) system. An MR surface receiver coil 3 inch in diameter was placed on plastic frame, the patient's head being placed in the frame so that the coil was pressed against the temporal region. In taking advantage of the magnetic resonance imaging that has been studied briskly till now, author obtained the images of parasagittal and paracoronal planes about the temporomandibular joint by using MPGR(Multi-Planar Gradient Recalled), GRASS(Gradient Recalled Acquisition in the Steady State), and CSMEMP(Contiguous Slice Multiple Echo, Multi-Planar), that differ from the Spin Echo pulse sequence which the previous authors used. Five subjects with no symptoms of temporomandibular joint pain and dysfunction were studied. The plane images obtained by these methods were compared with those by Spin Echo pulse sequence. The results were as follows : 1. The optimal repetition times(TR) and echo times(TE) for T.M.J. image were; a. 400 msec and 18 msec in PMGR pulse sequence. b. 40 msec and 12 msec in GRASS pulse sequence. c. 700 msec and 30 msec in CSMEMP pulse sequence. d. 500 msec and 20 msec in Spin Echo pulse sequence. 2. When the MPGR pulse sequence was using, T2-weighted image was obtained in very short time. 3. On the image of the paracoronal plane by GRASS pulse sequence, meniscus showed the moderate signal intensity, and the meniscus and its anteromedial, posterolateral attachments were observed definitely with gray color. 4. The signal intensity of Spin Echo pulse sequence was equal to that CSMEMP pulse sequence, but the image by CSMEMP pulse sequence showed relatively lower level in its resolution.
Panorama 촬영술에 의한 정상 성인 이하선 조영상에 관한 연구
김재덕,Kim Jae-Duk 대한영상치의학회 1996 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.26 No.2
This study was performed to determine the postitional relationships of two lobes of parenchyma and to analysis the anatomical feature and its variations of duct on the panoramic views of the normal parotid glands in adults. Materials included 66 panoramic views and anterioposterior views of sialograms of selected persons and the radiograms of the gland experimentally reproduced on dry skull with lead foil and the reference images of computed tomograms of normal persons. Results were as follows : 1. On panoramic view of sialogram, the superficial lobe was revealed with totally being superimposed with the mandibular ramus and condyle and its tail portion superimposed with mandibular angle area, the deep lobe was revealed between the posterior border of the ramus and the mastoid process, and the isthmus was begin from the marked furcation off main duct and superimposed partially with the medial part of the deep lobe. 2, The mean length and the lateral extension of parenchyma was 63.18±8.05mm and 21.78±4.87mm respectively on panoramic view and showed no statistical relationship between them. 3. The main duct was generally perpendicular to the posterior border of ramus at middle portion and its configurations revealed 57,58% of curvilinear type, 21.21% sigmoid type, 15.15% reverse sigmoid type. 4, The interlobular ducts of the deep lobe showed relatively well defined features between the mandibular ramus and the mastoid process.
김재덕 안암교육학회 2007 한국교육학연구 Vol.13 No.2
본 연구는 도덕적 지도성 연구 동향을 고찰하여 향후 학교조직에서의 도덕적 지도성 연구를 위한 시사점을 제시하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이 목적을 달성하기 위해 먼저, 도덕적 지도성에 대한 이론의 고찰과 도덕적 지도성의 개념을 정립해보고, 다음으로는 선행연구들의 동향을 분석하고, 결론으로 향후 도덕적 지도성에 대한 연구방향을 위한 시사점을 제시한다. 그 시사점은 첫째, 도덕성에 대해 보다 철저한 논리적 개념 정의가 필요하다. 둘째, 도덕성의 개념을 정립할 때는 도덕이론에 근거한 준거를 분명히 하는 것이 필요하다. 셋째, 도덕적 지도성에 대한 추론적 관점의 연구가 필요하다. 넷째, 자질적 관점, 추론적 관점, 행위적 관점을 통합하는 도덕적 지도성에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 다섯째, 대부분의 선행연구들이 기업조직에서 이루어진 연구이므로, 기업조직과는 특성이 다른 학교조직에서는 어떤 결과가 나오는지를 연구할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 도덕성이라는 개념은 사실 계량화하기 어려운 가치의 문제라는 점을 감안한다면 양적 연구와 더불어 많은 질적 연구가 필요하다. 일곱째, 보다 한국교육행정 문화에 적절한 도덕적 지도성 측정 도구 개발이 필요하다. purpose of this research is to analyze previous moral leadership researches and to suggest desirable directions for the following researches in moral leadership. In order to achieve this purpose, first, the researcher reviewed some moral theories and defined the meaning of moral leadership through previous literatures. Second, the researcher analysed previous moral leadership literatures. Third, the researcher reviewed moral theories: virtue-based, reasoning, and behavior-based perspective. In the conclusive section of the present research, the researcher suggested directions for the following researches on moral leadership. First, we should define more logical meaning of morality. Second, we should make the definition of morality through moral theories. Third, we need multiple researches and various definition of moral leadership. Fourth, since most previous researches had done in the industrial organization, we need to review them in focus of school organization in order to confirm the differences between the two. Fifth, we should review moral leadership in the perspective on reasoning because there's no research about it. Sixth, we need various qualitative as well as quantitative method. Seventh, we need to develop the Korean Moral Leadership Scale in order to be more elaborate research.
김재덕,김진수,이창율 대한구강악안면방사선학회 2005 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.35 No.1
Purpose : (1) To analyse the effect of exposure time, ROI size and one impact factor in the image processing procedure on estimates of fractal dimension; and (2) to analyse the correlated relationship between the fractal dimension and the Cu-Eq value (bone density). Materials and Methods : The cylindric bone phantoms of 6 large and 5 small diameter having different bone densities respectively and human dry mandible segment with copper step wedge were radiographed at 1.0 and 1.2 sec esposure (70 kVp, 7 mA) using one occlusal film and digitized. Eleven rectangular ROIs from 11 cylindric bone phantoms and 4 rectan-gular ROIs from cortical, middle, periodontal regions, and socket of bone were selected. Gaussian blurred Image was subtracted from original image of each ROI and multiplied respectively by 1, 0.8, and 0.5, and then the image was made binary, eroded and dilated once, and skeletonized. The fractal dimension was calculated by means of a box counting method in the software ImageJ. Results : The fractal dimension was decreased gradually with continued bone density decrease showing strong correlations (bone phantom; r>0.87, bone; r>0.68) under 70 kVp 1.0 sec M = 0.8. Fractal dimensions showed the significant differerence (p<0.05) between two different exposure times on the same small ROI of bone phantom. Fractal dimensions between two different sizes of ROI on bone phantom showed the significant differerence (p<0.05) under 1.2 sec exposure, but did not show it (p>0.05) under 1.0 sec exposure. Conclusions : Exposure time, ROI size, and modifying factor during subtracting could become impacting on the results of fractal dimension. Fractal analysis with thoroughly evaluated method considering the various impacting factors on the results could be useful in assessing the bone density in dental radiography.
자기 공명 영상장치를 이용한 악관절 기능 장애에 관한 연구
김재덕 大韓口腔顎顔面 放射線學會 1993 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.23 No.1
The Internal derangement of temporomandibular joint disc was evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging and arthrogram in 5 patients having reciprocal clicking or locking and in 5 normal subjects. Parasagittal multisections on both closed and open mouth were serially obtained by using a 1.5 Tesla MR system and surface coil with CSMEMP, MPGR. MR images obtained were analized by correlating with images of arthrograms. The obtained results were as follows: 1. Displaced meniscus was clearly delineated as dark structure on MR images other than on arthrograms of closed mouth view of patient having clicking or locking. 2. The deltoid white images of synovial fluid were identified in the glenoid fossa and on the posterior surface of condyle on open mouth view and partly depicted on closed mouth view, of parasagittal sections by MPGR. 3. The greyish image of joint fluid was identified on the posterior surface of condyle on the open mouth view of parasagittal sections by CSMEMP. 4. The structural relationship among condyle, meniscus, and fluid showed the variety of images on each parasagittal view.