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      • 국어의 로마자 표기법

        김세중 국립국어연구원 2000 국어문화학교 Vol.- No.4

        국어의 로마자 표기법이 16년 만에 바뀌었다. 반달표와 어깻점이 없어진 것에 대해서 대체료 여론은 환영하는 분위기이지만 개정을 못마땅하게 여기는 측도 없지 않아 보인다. 이 글에서는 로마자 표기법 개정의 의의를 짚어보고 새 로마자 표기법 개정의 의의를 짚어 보고 새 로마자 표기법의 특징을 살펴보고자 한다.

      • 국어의 로마자 표기법

        김세중 국립국어연구원 2001 국어문화학교 Vol.- No.1

        국어의 로마자 표기법이 16년 만에 바뀌었다. 반달표와 어깻점이 없어진 것에 대해서 대체료 여론은 환영하는 분위기이지만 개정을 못마땅하게 여기는 측도 없지 않아 보인다. 이 글에서는 로마자 표기법 개정의 의의를 짚어보고 새 로마자 표기법 개정의 의의를 짚어 보고 새 로마자 표기법의 특징을 살펴보고자 한다.

      • 국어의 로마자 표기법

        김세중 국립국어연구원 2000 국어문화학교 Vol.- No.5

        국어의 로마자 표기법이 16년 만에 바뀌었다. 반달표와 어깻점이 없어진 것에 대해서 대체료 여론은 환영하는 분위기이지만 개정을 못마땅하게 여기는 측도 없지 않아 보인다. 이 글에서는 로마자 표기법 개정의 의의를 짚어보고 새 로마자 표기법 개정의 의의를 짚어 보고 새 로마자 표기법의 특징을 살펴보고자 한다.

      • KCI등재

        MN/CA9 촉진자를 가진 Replication-competent 아데노바이러스를 이용한 신세포암에 대한 종양 특이적 유전자요법

        김세중,안미원,임호영,정현철,Thomas A. Gardner,Chinghai Kao,이상진,최민규,김영수 대한비뇨의학회 2004 Investigative and Clinical Urology Vol.45 No.5

        Purpose: A new therapeutic approach is needed in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma(RCC) because of a dismal prognosis. MN/CA9 is a transmembrane glycoprotein that was first identified in the human cervical carcinoma cell line, HeLa. Since MN/CA9 protein is highly expressed in RCC tissues, but not in normal kidney, we constructed a tumor-specific replication-competent adenoviral vector utilizing MN/CA9 promoter(Ad-MN/CA9-E1a) and demonstrated its selective cytotoxicity toward MN/CA9-expressing RCC cells in vitro. Materials and Methods: MN/CA9-positive(HeLa, SK-RC-52) and MN/ CA9-negative(SK-RC-29) cells were used. RT-PCR assay for MN/CA9 mRNA was performed in each cells. Ad5 E1a protein production in each cells after infection with Ad-MN/CA9-E1a was determined by western blot analysis. In vitro cytotoxicity assay was performed for assessing the selective cytotoxicity of Ad-MN/CA9-E1a to MN/CA9-expressing cells. Results: RT-PCR assay showed that a distinct 255-bp fragment corresponding to the sequence within MN/CA9 cDNA was detected in HeLa and SK-RC-52 cells, but SK-RC-29 cells did not have MN/CA9 transcripts. Western blot analysis demonstrated that HeLa and SK-RC-52 cells showed much stronger Ad5 E1a protein expressions compared with SK-RC-29. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed that the growth of MN/CA9-positive cells was significantly inhibited with 0.1-1MOI of Ad-MN/CA9-E1a, but the growth of MN/CA9-negative cells(SK-RC-29) could only be inhibited by as many as 100MOI. Conclusions: These results suggest that a novel replication-competent adenoviral vector mediated by MN/CA9 promoter, Ad-MN/CA9-E1a, can selectively replicate in MN/CA9-expressing cancer cells with cytotoxic effects and may be utilized for the treatment of RCC. (Korean J Urol 2004;45:456-462)

      • KCI등재

        NCS 기반 직업교육과정에 대한 공업계열 특성화고등학교 교사의 인식

        김세중,김종욱,김진수 한국기술교육학회 2016 한국기술교육학회지 Vol.16 No.2

        The aim of this study is to analyze teachers’ perception of vocational education course based on NCS who work in Specialized high schools of industrial area. In order to achieve the aim, this research used questionnaire survey on industrial high school teachers, the main content of which is comparative analysis of the perception of vocational education course based on NCS. For the analysis, this research classifies 23 industrial high schools in Korea. For this study, this research analyzes the collected questionnaires by using SPSSWIN program. This research shows the following results. First, there is no meaningful difference under the statistical significance level(p<.05) on the knowledge level of the NCS about the items of ‘NCS configuration’, ‘NCS learning modules’ and ‘NCS application fields’ among technical teachers of industrial area. Also, there is no meaningful difference under the statistical significance level(p<.05) about the knowledge level of NCS-based vocational curriculum regarding the items of ‘concepts of the vocational curriculum’, ‘necessity of the vocational curriculum’ and ‘revision direction of the vocational curriculum’ on the base of NCS. Secondly, The perception levels among technical teachers of industrial area about effects by introduction of NCS-based vocational curriculum have the meaningful difference under the statistical significance level(p<.05) regarding the item of ‘achievement assessment on the base of process’. Thirdly, the perception levels of understanding of the importance of teachers’ required capacity after the introduction of NCS-based vocational curriculum have the meaningful difference among technical teachers of industrial area. Overall, teachers of textile․chemical, design․craft department have deeper understanding of them. Finally, after the introduction of the NCS-based vocational education course, teachers’ perception level of the importance of subcategory elements related in teachers’ required capacity is shown to be high in general according to subject, technical subjects area, and teachers with experience in NCS-based vocational education course. And their capacity level required for the course is revealed to moderate. 이 연구는 NCS 기반 직업교육과정에 대한 공업계열 특성화고등학교 전문교과 담당 교사들의 인식을 분석하여 변화하는 직업교육과정에 원활하게 적응하고 목적에 부합되는 직업교육을 실시할 수 있는 기초 자료를 제공하는데 목적이 있다. 연구의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 전체 특성화고등학교 중에서 23개 학교의 공업계열 교사를 대상으로 설문 조사 연구를 실시하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공업계열 전문교과 담당 교사간 NCS에 대한 지식 수준에서는 ‘NCS 개념( =2.941)’, ‘NCS 필요성( =3.418)’, ‘NCS 분류체계( =2.969)’ 항목이 통계적으로 유의한차이가 있었다(<.05). 또한 전문교과 담당 교사간 NCS 기반 직업교육과정에 대한 지식 수준에서는 ‘NCS 기반 직업교육과정 개정 내용’ 항목이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가있었다( =3.010, <.05). 그리고 <.05수준에서 유의한 차이가 있는 변수는 Duncan 사후검증 방법을 사용하여 분석하였다. 둘째, NCS 기반 직업교육과정 도입이 공업교육 전반에 미칠 영향에 대한 수준에서는 공업계열 전문교과 담당 교사 간에 ‘과정 중심의 성취평가( =4.442)’와 ‘인성 중심의 학생진로 및 생활지도( =2.653)’ 항목이 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었다(<.05). 셋째, NCS 기반 직업교육과정의 도입 이후 공업계열 교사에게 필요한 능력에 대한중요도 인식 수준에서는 전문교과 담당 교사 간에 모든 항목에 대하여 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 있었으며(<.05), 전반적으로 섬유․화공 담당 교사와 디자인․공예 담당교사가 비교적 높게 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, NCS 기반 직업교육과정 도입 이후 교사의 필요 능력에 대한 각 하위 요소에대하여 담당 교과, NCS 기반 직업교육과정 운영 경험별 교사들의 중요도에 대한 인식 수준은 전반적으로 높은 수준이며, 보유 능력 수준은 모든 능력에서 전반적으로보통 수준으로 나타났다.

      • 번역의 역사를 통한 이론과 기법

        金世中 단국대학교 1995 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

        The purpose of this essay is to fine out a new and good approach to translation by considering the history of translation and its theory. This essay deals with the technique of practical translation through an anthology of essays from Cicero to George Steiner. I also want to introduce translation studies to the students and scholars interested in it. I have considered the history of modern Korean literary translation from 1920s to 1950s in all its chronological aspects. A lot of problems in the course of discussion on translations were found, but nobody dared to raise the question of that. The only person who did so was then Yang Zoo-Dong who was qualified for translation. The extent to which cultural extent may feasibly be reproduced in a translation is something that should concern any translator of Korean literature. The culture of Korea is ancient and deeply rooted. As a result, those who want to reproduced a Korean text in a TL text will need to have access to cultural information rather than language proficiency. Each and every country is making every effort to win in international competitiveness, but there are now few not only professional centers and institutions for translation but also programs of translation and intercultural studies in Korea. We will have to survive in the fierce competition among the world. In my opinion, the government needs to support them as soon as possible. Paul Engle, Director of the Writer's Workshop at the Univ. of Uowa(1985) summed up the socially active, politically urgent cause of translation in the contemporary world as follows. As this world shrinks together like an aging orange and all peoples in all cultures move closer together(however reluctantly and suspiciously) it may be that the crucial sentence for our remaining years on earth may be very simply : TRANSLATE or DIE. The lives of every creature on the earth may one day depend on the instant and accurate translation of on word.(Engle and Engle, 1985 : 2) The time has come for us Koreans to make our country international, global and worldwide in every aspect. We need to gather information on education, science, economy, business, etc, so as to do so. Information is based on language with signs, because information alone has no power of communication without the medium of exchange of language. communication through language underlies translation and interpretation. This essay deals with the discussion of the vague conflict between free and literal translation. The establishment of an international collaborative venture on Translation Studies seems a logical way to proceed. The discussion of all types of literary translation also be greatly advanced by a consideration of the problems of translation texts from all over the world. Translation Studies including its Theories and History is still a young discipline and still has a long way to go. There is a need for more general theoretical discussion as to the nature, history and theory of translation, particularly as to the craft and process of translation. This essays comprise a variety of aspects that provide the reader with insights into the complex process of recreating an SL text in English. The Herman's study of the metaphors used by Dutch, French and English translator in the Renaissance has provided an extensive range of ideas about translation-the translator is variously seen as following in the footsteps of the original author. By the eighteenth century, dominant metaphors are of the translation as a mirror or as a portrait, the depicted or artificial held up against the real, while in the nineteenth century the dominant metaphors involve properly and class relations. The traditional nineteenth-century notion of translation was based on the idea of a master-servant relationship paralleled in the translation process-either the translator takes over the source text and improves and civilizes it or the translator approaches it with humility and seeks to do it homage. All translators agree that the perfect translation remains an impossibility. Gregory Rabassa expresses the recognition writing : "a translation can never equal the original ; it can approach it, and its quality can only be justified as to accuracy by how close it gets." There have been a number of attempts to open up the vast field of genealogy of systematic thought about translation in different cultures and to investigate the way in which translation has played a shaping role in the formation of literary systems and the history of ideas. Translation, like criticism, is a manipulatory process. Human emotions hardly change from on culture to another ; what changes in the way on perceives these emotions and one places them within the natural environment of a country. A cultural situation-whether in the realm of social, educational, or political realities-never finds its exact equivalent in another country. Here again, translators must assess the boundaries of every individual cultural situation to define both the sameness and the differences. As in the case of word, the comparative study of cultural situations will prominently display the different ways in which we perceive and create our cultural reality. Words don't find their equivalencies in the new language, nor do cultural expressions, and the translator will never approach a text twice the same way. All acts of translation begin with a thorough investigation of reading process. Translation, by necessity, read each word and sentence at least as carefully and closely as the critic or the author. Even the smallest detail in an SL text, as Rabassa points out, be neglected. Translation is, of course, a rewriting of an original text. All rewritings, whatever their intention, reflect a cretain ideology and a poetics and such manipulate literature to function in a given society in a given way. I hope this essay will serve to aid a future study on Translation Studies and to further open the door for new, alternative approaches. Much work still needs to be done.

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