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박원균,강영숙,권오영,김형태,박근수,서인옥,손형석,이원기,이진경,채의업 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1984 계명의대학술지 Vol.3 No.2
일측 손의 한냉자극에 대한 남녀의 혈관계 반응의 차이를 보기 위하여 평균 연령 21.6세의 남녀 대학생 65명(남자 34명, 여자 31명)을 대상으로 실온에서 안정시와 32℃ 물에서 침수시, 그리고 10℃ 물에 좌수를 담구어 침수 1, 3, 5분과 회복기 1, 3, 5, 10분에서의 혈압, 분시심박수, 피부전기저항, 광전맥박의 파고, 설하 및 피부온도와 피부두겹의 두께를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 혈압은 안정시에도 수축기 혈압이 여자에서 남자보다 낮았으며, 침수시 혈압의 증가가 여자에서 더 작았고, 더 빨리 회복됨을 보였다. 분시심박수의 변화는 남녀에서 유의한 차이가 없었다. 피부전기저항은 침수시 남녀에서 약간 감소하였고, 침수 3분에는 여자에서 더 감소하였다. 광전맥박의 파고는 침수 1분에는 별다른 남녀의 차이가 없었으나. 회복기 3, 5분에는 여자의 회복이 남자보다 빨랐다. 설하온도는 전 실험에서 여자가 약간 높았고, 피부온도는 여자가 낮았으나, 회복기 3, 5분에는 여자에서 좌측 전박과 수지의 피부온도가 남자보다 높았다. 평균 피부두겹의 두께는 여자가 남자보다 유의하게 두꺼웠으나 전박의 피부두겹은 남녀 간에 별 차이가 없었다. 그리고, 평균 피부두겹의 두께와 침수시 침수측 수지의 피부온도의 감소도 사이에는 상관관계가 없으나, 좌측 광전맥박파고의 감소와 침수측 수지의 피부온도의 감소도 사이에는 비례 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이상으로 일측 손에 10℃의 한냉자극시 나타나는 남녀 반응의 차이는 혈관계에 의한 것으로, 여자에서 남자보다 한냉자극시 혈관계 반응이 더 작고 또 회복이 더 빠른 것으로 보인다. 그리고, 손의 피부두겹두께에서 남녀간의 차이는 관찰하지 못하였으며, 체피부 절연도의 남녀 차이에 의한 반응의 차이는 본 실험에서는 큰 영향을 미치지 못하는 것으로 생각된다. The response to thermal stress was studied by many investigators for sex differences relevant to the subcutaneous fat thickness, vascular reaction and hormonal levels. There have been many studies reported on women's response to heat condition, on the contrary relatively few study was reported on response to cold condition. Recently, interests on women's response to cold condition has increased. This study was investigated to evaluate the differences of cardiovascular responses to band cooling between the male and the female. Thirty four men and thirty one women whose mean age was 21.6, were exposed to 10℃ water by the immersion of the left hand for 5 minutes. Before cooling hand, the hand was immersed into water of 32℃ as thermoneutral zone to neglect the effect of hand immersion without cold. The measurements were made to blood pressure, heart rate, Galvanic skin resistance(GSR), amplitude of photoelectric pulse(AP), sublingual and skin temperature, and skinfold thickness. The results obtained are as follows: In resting state, blood pressure was lower in female than in male, particularly systolic pressure was significant. During the hand cooling, the increase of blood pressure in female was less than in male and the recovery was faster. Changes of the heart rate were not significant in both female and male. GSR was slightly decreased in both male and female at the first minute of the immersion, but decreased more in female at the third minutes. AP was decreased in both sex during the hand immersion and there was significant correlation between the mean decrement of AP and maximum decrement of skin temperature in ipsilateral finger. This indicates that the skin temperature of immersed hand in both male and female is depend upon the amount of blood flow. The recovery of AP was faster in female during the third to fifth minutes of the recovery period, and the skin temperature of forearm and finger of the immersed side was rather higher in female than in male. Mean skinfold thickness of female was significantly thicker than male, but in forearm the difference of skinfold thickness was little. Mean skinfold thickness and maximum decrement of skin temperature of the immersed hand were not related to each other during the immersion. In summary, the difference of responses between male and female to hand cooling is seemed due to the difference of vascular reaction since the female has less peripheral vascular changes and a tendency of their faster recovery. The difference of the mean skinfold thickness between both sex did not influence on the response to the local hand cooling.
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수동적 체위변화가 혈중 Catecholamine 농도 및 심장혈관계에 미치는 영향
윤석근,박원균,배재훈,채의업 啓明大學校 醫科大學 1987 계명의대학술지 Vol.6 No.1
Many investigators have studied the effect of gravity on cardiovascular homeostasis during orthostasis and antiorthostasis by conventional approaches such as measurements of the heart rate, arterial blood pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac function parameters including stroke volume of the heart, vascular blood flow, peripheral vascular resistance and respiratory rate. Furthermore recently it has been interested to evaluate the hormonal changes in catecholamines, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone as the indicator of the regulatory mechanisms of both cardiovascular and renal function to postural changes. Catecholamines(norepinephrine and epinephrine) are transmitters of the sympathetic nerve ending and the plasma concentration of catecholamines represents the total activity of the sympathetic nerves in the body. This study was performed to measure the concentration of plasma catecholamines and the parameters of cardiovascular function in an upright and a head-down position. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of catecholamines in conjunction with various cardiovascular responses in the passive tilt. Eleven anesthetized dogs of 8-12kg were examined by passive tilting from the supine position to 77˚ upright (orthostasis), and from supine position to -90˚ head-down (antiorthostasis), for 10 minutes on each tilt. The concentration of plasma catecholamines was measured by a modified radioenzymatic method of Peuler and Johnson at every nine to ten minute period when orthostasis and antiorthostasis were accomplished after each tilt. Minute blood flow of the common carotid artery, external jugular vein, femoral artery and pressure, heart rate and respiratory rate were also measured. The measurements obtained from the upright and head-down tilt were compared with those from the supine position. The results obtained are as follows: In orthostasis, the concentration of plasma norepinephrine and epinephrine was increased from 140±11.5 and 131±12.7 pg/ml in the supine position to 150±12.6 and 120±10.3 pg/ml respectively, however the changes were statistically insignificant. The blood flow of the artery through both head and lower leg was significantly (p<0.01) decreased. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were significantly(p<0.05) decreased and pulse pressure was also decreased. The heart tate was markedly (p<0.05) increased. The respiratory rate was not changed except for the initial small decrease. In antiorthostasis, the plasma norepinephrine was significantly (p<0.05) increased to 167±15.2pg/ml and the epinephrine was slightly increased in comparison with the supine position. The blood flow through head, arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure were not significantly changed, but the blood flow through the lower leg was significantly (p<0.05) decreased. The heart rate was increased and the respiratory rate showed an initial small increase. In conclusion, it seems that the adaptation of dogs to short term orthostasis after an abrupt passive tilt is maintained through cardiovascular homeostatic mechanism such as baroreceptor and cardiopulmonary receptor reflexes.
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채의업,이석강,전상년,김병권 慶北大學校 醫科大學 1978 慶北醫大誌 Vol.19 No.1
급성일산화탄소 중독시의 실험동물의 뇌파의 변화와 회복과정의 양상을 추궁하기 위하여 토끼를 0.2% 및 0.5%의 일산호탄소에 폭로하여 급성일산화탄소 중독을 야기시키고 0.2%농도에서는 100분간, 0.5%농도에선ㄴ 30분간 폭로후에 뇌파 및 호흡곡선을 기록하였다. 뇌파의 유도는 토끼두골에 금속전극을 뇌경막외부에 심어서 쌍극유도로 기록하였다. 급성일산화탄소 중독시의 토끼뇌파는 전반적인 파고감소와 주파(主波)의 주파수(周波數)의 감소가 초래되며 일산화탄소중독 회복기중에 일시적으로 빈도가 느리고 파고가 높은 서파를 관찰했다. 이와같은 변화는 양성 및 음성가속도 폭로시의 토끼 뇌파변화와 급격기압강하시 뇌파변화와 매우 유사한 변화이며 일산화탄소중독에 의한 특이한 변화는 아닌 것 같다. 동일한 일산화탄소 농도하에서도 그 회복 과정의 뇌파의 회복시간은 개체에 따라 약간씩 차이가 있음을 보았다. 이것은 개체의 일산화탄소 중독에 대한 내력(耐力)의 차이라고 생각되며 뇌파회복의 시간 차이의 요인으로서는 대뇌의 저산소증을 초래하는 정도에 좌우된다고 할것이며 일산화탄소 폭로후의 일산화탄소의 조속한 체외배출이 가능한가에 연유한다고 사료된다. In order to observe the effects of the acute carbon monoxide poisoning on experimental animals, rabbits were exposed to the 0.2% and 0.5% carbon monoxide gas mixtures with room air. The duration of the exposure in the 0.2% concentration was 100 minutes and that in the 0.5% concentration was 30 minutes. The EEG was recorded with the fronto-occipital bipolar lead. The stainless steel needle electrodes were implanted extradurally through skull bone. The EEG of rabbits in the acute carbon monoxide poisoning showed a generalized diminished voltage in the amplitude and a slightly decsea&ed frequency in the rhythm of the main waves. During the recovery period the relatively high voltage slow wave activity were observed on several occasions. The above EEG abnormalities were similar to the previously reported EEG findings in the rabbits exposed to the positive(+Gz) and negative acceleratron(-Gz), and the rapid decompression. There are individual variations in the length of the recovery period from the acute carbon monoxide posioning at the same concentration of the gas mixture. The individual variation of the recovery period of the EEG seems to be orginated by the tolerance of each animal to the carbon monoxide poisoning and also the tolerance to the gas poisoning will largely depend upon the degree of the resultant brain hypoxia.
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