근대 시론에 대한 김조규의 인식 연구

申先玉(Shen, Xian-yu) 중앙어문학회 2014 語文論集 Vol.60 No.-

기존의 연구는 김조규가 기교주의와 감상주의를 유기적으로 결합하여 창작을 했다는 점에 주목하여 김조규 시의 특징을 연구하였다면, 본고에서는 김조규의 해방전 시에서 그의 시론과 근대적 시론의 논쟁점이 되었던 감성과 지성에 대한 그의 인식을 추출해 보았다. 결과 김조규가 시인으로서 창작 기법을 모색하였을 뿐만 아니라, 민중의 감정에 부응하는 시 창작을 제시했고 명령형과 권유형 등 종결어미를 사용하여 화자와 청자의 거리를 좁혀 감정의 합일화를 추구하였다. 그는 과도하게 지성에 의존하는 주지주의적 시를 비판하였고, 과학적이고 합리적인 특성을 강조하는 근대의 지성에 대하여 반성하였다. 본고의 연구는 김조규의 시의 주제의식과 시적 경향에 대한 기존의 연구 틀에서 벗어나 김조규의 시론을 탐구하는 시도로서 의미를 가진다고 하겠다. Traditionally, research on Kim Joh Kyu’s poetry has emphasized the form and theme of his poems, concluding that mannerism and sentimentalism are integrated in his poetics. Nevertheless, focusing on his poems written before the Korean liberation, this paper analyzes his understanding of the controversy between sensitivity and intellectualism in Korean poetry at that time. The finding is that Kim Joh Kyu’s poetry exemplified the theoretical framework of his poetics, and he proposed that poetry ought to value the feelings of the common people. Kim Joh Kyu employed the imperative and persuasive moods to narrow the distance between writer and reader, achieving a unity of the poet’s and reader’s emotions. Furthermore, he criticized mannerist poetry that overly depended on intellectualism and excessively pursued the scientific and rational. Therefore, the significance of this paper is to research the themes of Kim Joh Kyu’s poetry and explicate his poetics.

1949년 이전 호명수(胡明樹)의 “조선” 소재 시 연구

신선옥 ( Shen Xianyu ) 중국어문연구회 2019 中國語文論叢 Vol.0 No.91

Hu Mingshu (1949~1977), born in Guiping, Guangxi, was representative of the men of letters in Guangxi. Hu’s literary works cover various genres, such as novel, poetry, prose, fairy tale and review. However, there has not been adequate research on him; the reason is that his works embody salient features of the age and consciousness of resistance. In the1930s and 1940s, Hu Mingshu found two literary magazines, Poetry Monthly and Poetry ; but there are huge gaps in the study of his poetics and poems, especially his poems whose subject matter is Korea. Based on the poems concerning Korea Hu Mingshu created and poetics he proposed before 1949, this paper explores his understanding of Korea reflected in his literary works, and has drawn the conclusions as follow. First, Hu Mingshu’s poem, “Now is the Time: Calls for Korean and Taiwanese”, showed the friendship between Korea and China and the two countries’ community consciousness. The affection expressed in his poem was identical with what Chinese scholars perceived as the friendship of Korean and Chinese revolutionaries. However, it was the assistance offered by Korea to China that Hu Mingshu focused on, and he argued that the Korean Army of Volunteers organized Anti-Japanese campaign in Northeast China during the War against Japanese and “they helped China in the war against Japanese aggression”. From the word “helped”, it can be noted that Hu Mingshu put more emphasis on the “revolutionary friendship Korea showed to China” than on the friendship of Korean and Chinese revolutionaries. Second, Hu Mingshu’s understanding of Korean literature was also different from others. Chinese scholars then were still preoccupied with the China-centric thoughts which prevailed before modern times, so they believed that modern Korean literature failed to go deep into Chinese civilization, thus unable to mount to the world literary standards. Hu Mingshu, nevertheless, held that Koran literature embodied Korea’s national characters and vitality, and therefore reached the world literary standards. His understanding was derived from his principles of writing ― “the creation of narrative poems is based on the acquired refinement, knowledge, life experience, observation and intellectuality, etc.” Such writing principle was integrated into and epitomized by his poem, A Korean Woman, which not only mirrored his historical consciousness and intellectual refinement, but also revealed the literary and artistic values of poetry. In this poem, Hu Mingshu depicted the reality of Korea in a temperate and imaginative way, expressing his wishes and hopes for the future of Korea. Overall, Hu Mingshu’s poems concerning Korea demonstrated his understanding of the modern history of East Asia and his affection for Korea. In addition, Hu Mingshu was opposed to the poetics proposed by Guo Moruo and Huang Yaomian. The argument between Hu Mingshu and Ji Zong over the relationship between emotions and poetry is comparable to the controversy over techniques in modern Korean poetry, so a comparative study can be conducted to enrich the comparative studies and literary exchange between Korean and Chinese literature.

1950~60년대 중국 문단에 소개된 한설야와 그의 문학평론 연구

申先玉(Shen, Xianyu) 중앙어문학회 2020 語文論集 Vol.83 No.-

1950~60년대 중국 문단에서는 한설야의 문학평론을 중역하여 외국문학을 전문적으로 다루는 문예지 <譯文>에 게재하였는가 하면, 한설야의 시사평론을 중역하여 정치적 경향이 짙은 <文藝報>, <人民日報>에 게재하면서 한반도에 대한 북한 문인의 인식과 계급적 입장을 기사화했다. 한설야의 글들이 중역되어 출판된 데에는 한설야의 북한문학예술총동맹 중앙위원장이라는 신분과 그가 북한 문단에서 차지하는 위상이 중요한 요소로 작용했을 것이다. 그리고 무엇보다 한설야의 “인민문학” 평론은 1950~60년대 중국 학계에서 한국(조선) 문학 연구의 기준을 세우는 데 필요한 문헌으로 활용되었을 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 1950~60년대 중국 문단에 소개된 한설야와 그의 문학평론을 조명하면서, 그 당시 중국 문단에서는 한설야의 어떤 문학사상을 번역하였는지, 그런 점이 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구에 어떤 영향을 미치었는지 살펴보고자 한다. 이는 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구의 발전 과정을 뒤돌아봄으로써 현재 중국에서의 한국(조선)문학 연구 현황을 점검하도록 하며, 중국에서의 외국문학연구사를 구축하는 데 필요한 문헌을 제공해줄 것이다. Han Seor-ya’s literary reviews were translated and introduced to China in the 1950s and 1960s. The translated literary reviews were published in Translation Magazine, a specialized periodical in rendering foreign literature. In addition, Han Seorya’s commentary was also translated into Chinese and published in such publications with political slants as the Journal of Literature and Art and China Daily. Such translation work could convey the proletarian position of North Korean men of letters. Han Seorya’s literary reviews could be brought into China for two reasons that cannot be ignored. First, Han Seor-ya was the chairman of the League of North Korean Literature and Art, occupying the dominant position in the realm of literature in North Korea. Second, the commentary written by Han Seor-ya on the “literature created by people” could serve as a reference for China to work out the standards for foreign literature studies. This paper, therefore, focuses on Han Seorya and his literary reviews that were introduced to China in the 1950s and 1960s, clarifying which of Han Seorya’s thoughts on literature were imported to China and what effect the introduction of his thoughts has had on Korean (and North Korean) studies conducted in China; and the development of the literary criticism of Korean (and North Korean) literature in China.

燕行錄에 기록된 明淸 時期 소리의 문화적 의미 연구

申先玉(Shen, Xian-yu) 중앙어문학회 2014 語文論集 Vol.57 No.-

본고는 연행록에 기록된 종소리, 만세소리, 소음 등 여러 가지 물질적인 소리에 대한 고찰을 통하여, 사회 문화적인 측면에서 중국 명청(明淸) 시기 여러 가지 소리가 지니는 의미를 살펴보고자 한다. 이에 본고는 먼저 연행록 저자들이 감각이라는 매개를 통하여 중국 명청 시기의 문화를 드러냈다는 가설을 세우고, 연행록에서 주로 황궁의 제도와 명절놀이 및 길거리 풍경에 대한 기록에 주목하여 관련된 소리들이 문화적 의미를 지니고 있다는 점을 논증할 것이다. 그 다음, 그 당시 중국의 소리에 대한 조선지식인들의 인식을 살펴볼 것이다. 왜냐하면 유교문화를 숭상하고 절대적 권력에 대해 경외심을 지니고 있었던 조선시대의 지식인들은 중국의 소리를 기록함에 있어서도 제도 안과 밖에서 울리는 소리에 다른 문화적 의미를 부여했기 때문이다. 연행록 저자들이 기록한 명나라와 청나라의 궁 안과 밖의 소리는 사실 황궁, 권력, 문명, 사대부와 민간, 자유, 야만, 군중의 대립이었다. This paper is to analyze the social and cultural implication of such sounds recorded in Yeon Haeng Diary as bell rings, noise and firecrackers. A hypothesis is put forward at first that the author of Yeon Haeng Rok depicted Chinese culture in the Ming and Qing Dynasties via the media of senses, and this hypothesis is reinforced by investigating the institutions of royal palaces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, festivals and street scene; meanwhile, the Korean intellectuals’ cognition of and attitude towards to the sounds heard in China are analyzed. The influence of the Confucianism resulted in Korean intellectuals’ respect for the Confucian culture and awe for absolute power, which made them grant the sounds they heard inside and outside the palace different cultural meanings. The sounds inside and outside the royal palaces in the Ming and Qing Dynasties recorded by the Korean envoys were, as a matter of fact, a reflection of the antithesis between royal palace and the public, between power and freedom, between shackle and savagery, as well as between scholar-officials and the masses.

한국 민간문학에 대한 周作人의 평론 고찰

申先玉(Shen, Xianyu) 중앙어문학회 2021 語文論集 Vol.88 No.-

본고는 周作人의 「朝鮮傳說」(1925), 「《朝鮮童話集序》」(1931) 등 평론을 주요 연구대상으로 하여, 한국문학에 대한 근현대 중국 지식인의 연구 의식과 연구 방법론을 살펴보고자 한다. 본고의 연구와 관련하여 기존 연구에서는 한국 문인들과 周作人의 실제적인 교류를 정리하고 周作人의 한국 인식과 한국 문화 의식에 대하여 논의하였다. 이런 연구들은 현재 국가별 연구와 지역 연구가 인문학 연구의 중심으로 떠오른 중국 학계에 중요한 한국학 연구 문헌을 제공해주었다. 그러나 중국 내 한국문학 비평/ 연구 담론 구축에 있어서는 한국의 민간문학에 대한 周作人의 평론들을 구체적으로 살펴볼 필요가 있다. 왜냐하면 周作人의 한국 민간문학 평론은 근현대이래 중국에서의 한국문학 연구 활동이 전개되는 기점이라고 할 수 있기 때문이다. 따라서 본고에서는 중국에서의 한국문학 연구 현실에 착안하여 1920 40년대 중국 내 한국문학 평론 문헌들을 비교 분석하면서, 한국문학에 대한 周作人의 연구 의식과 그 학술적 의의를 고찰하였다. 그 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻을 수 있었다. 周作人은 1920-40년대 중국 문단에 나타난 한국문학 평론과 달리 한국문학 연구에 있어서 본체론적 연구 의도와 인접 학과와의 관계 속에서 한국을 연구하고자 하는 의도를 드러냈다. 아울러 한중 문학 관계에서 한국문학에 대한 중국문학의 일방적인 영향을 강조하는 상황에서 벗어나, 한국문학의 독립성과 한중 문화의 상호적인 영향 관계에 주목하였다. 周作人의 이런 연구 의식과 연구 방법론은 오늘날 중국 내 한국문학 연구에 학술적 경험을 제공함으로써 그 가치를 발휘하게 될 것이다. Considering Zhou Zuoren’s literary critiques, including Korean Mythology (1925) and The Preface of the Collection of Korean Fairy Tales (1931), as the research object, this study aims to explore modern Chinese scholars’ knowledge of Korean literature and their research methods. Existing studies have focused on the academic exchange between Korean scholars and Zhou Zuoren, and illustrated Zhou’s understanding and recognition of Korean culture. These studies provided important data on Korean studies for contemporary Chinese academia, adding significance to international and regional studies. Zhou Zuoren’s critiques of Korean folk literature, as a prelude to China’s research on Korean literature, count as valuable academic reference for present-day Chinese academia, while constructing the discourse of Korean literary critiques and research. To clarify the status quo of Korean literary research in Chinese academia, this study makes a comparative analysis of the critiques of Korean literature by Chinese scholars from the 1920s to the 1940s, and highlights Zhou Zuoren’s research awareness of Korean literature as well as the academic significance of his research. The following conclusions can be drawn from the analysis. First, research conducted by Zhou Zuoren on Korean literature revealed his intention of ontological study and his consciousness of cross-disciplinary research, in a shift from critiques by other Chinese scholars on Korean literature from the 1920s to 1940s. Meanwhile, Zhou Zuoren managed to break away from the one-way influence of Chinese on Korean literature; instead, he emphasized the independence of Korean literature and the interinfluence between Korean and Chinese cultures. Accordingly, Zhou Zuoren’s research awareness and research methods comprise the reference and documentation that modern Chinese scholars can draw on to construct the academic history of Korean literary studies.

건국 17년 시기(1949~66) 중국 문단의 북한문학 비평 연구

申先玉(Shen Xian yu) 국어국문학회 2021 국어국문학 Vol.- No.196

본고는 중국의 외국문학 연구사 측면에서 건국 17년 시기 중국에서의 북한문학 비평이 지니고 있는 가치를 조명하고자, 말뭉치 분석 도구를 활용하여 북한문학 평론과 독후감 텍스트를 분석하였다. 먼저, 북한문학에 대한 陶炳蔚의 평론을 중심으로 하여 중국에서의 북한문학 비평 특징을 살펴봄으로써, 그 당시 북한문학 평론이 중국문학계의 문예이론 구축과 인민문학 개념 정립 및 중국 내 외국문학 연구 이론 구축을 위한 비평이었고, 정치적 환경과 새로운 국가적 이론 모색에 대한 그 당시 지식인들의 응답이었다는 점을 논증하였다. 다음, 북한문학에 대한 중국인 독자들의 독후감을 분석함으로써, 독후감 텍스트가 신문이라는 교육적 장을 통하여 중국인 독자들이 북한의 사회, 문화, 정치, 경제를 이해하는 데 적극적인 역할을 하였다는 점을 논증하였다. 마지막으로, 결론 부분에서 그 당시 북한문학과 관련된 평론과 독후감이 현재 시사하는 바가 무엇인지 토론해봄으로써, 북한문학 비평이 북한 작가와 중국인 독자를 평론이나 독후감 텍스트로 대면시켰다는 점, 지식인과 새로운 정권 체제의 대화를 문학으로 매개했다는 점, 그리고 국가적 이론 구축에 문학 비평의 주체가 적극적으로 개입했다는 점에서 의의가 있다는 결론을 내렸다. From a historical perspective of the literature scholarship in China, this paper aims to examine the characteristics of Chinese scholars’ criticism of North Korean literature during the 17 years after People’s Republic of China was founded, namely from 1949 to 1966, and identify the academic significance of such criticism. In this study, a text corpus was built, which comprises the criticism of North Korean literature and book reviews at that age, and an analysis was made about the corpus. Based on the analysis, this paper firstly focuses on Tao Bingwei’s literary criticism to investigate the discourse features that Chinese scholars revealed in their critique of North Korean literature, which demonstrates the impact such literary criticism had on the way Chinese literary community built the theory of literature and art and the way Chinese society constructed public discourse. Moreover, book reviews made by common readers are also analyzed in this paper to explain the guiding role of book reviews in making Chinese readers more informed of North Korean society in terms of the culture, politics and economy. In addition, this paper discusses the academic significance of the critique and book reviews being discussed for the current study on Korean literature. Overall, it is argued in this paper that Chinese critics of North Korean literature and the readers were proactive in participating in the construction of the national discourse in China through literary criticism, and in the same way they responded to the practical issues involved in the establishment of new system in China from 1949 to 1966. Chinese literary critics, as the subject of media criticism, were involved in the construction of a new socialist country through the intermediary of the literary criticism, which provides significant value for the study of Korean literature, the construction of critical discourse and the reinforcement of academic responsibility at present.

범천(範泉)의 조선문학 비평 연구

신선옥 ( Shen Xianyu ) 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2019 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.14 No.-

Fan Quan (1916-2000) has got much attention from academia as an outstanding editor, publisher, writer and translator, and his literary periodicals and monographs are the major research subjects. Fan’s contribution in editing and publishing has been widely recognized, and he is also noted for translating the works of Jang Hyuk-ju, a Korean writer. However, Fan’s criticism and cognition of Korean literature have been ignored. This paper studies Fan’s criticism and translation of Korean literature by examining On Korean Writers, Korean Drama Campaign, and Sights in Korea so as to cast light on his views on Korean literature. Two conclusions have been drawn. First, Fan Quan put more emphasis on Jang Hyuk-ju’s attitude towards world literature while translating Jang Hyuk-ju’s criticism on Korean literature. Unlike his contemporary translators who focused on the development of modern Korean literature, Fan informed the readers of the place and significance of Korean literature in the development of world literature. Second, Chinese scholars still harbored ethnocentrism when appraising Korean literature during the period of Republic of China, but from Fan’s perspective, it was the formalism of Chinese culture that resulted in the stagnation of the modern Korean literature. This view involves not only Fan’s objective description of Korean literature, but also his objective comment on Chinese culture, and therefore his academic attitude is of great significant for the current literary and cultural exchange between Korea and China.

이용악 시의 소리에 대한 고찰

申先玉(Shen, Xian-yu) 한국어문학회 2012 語文學 Vol.0 No.115

This study aims to speculate the meaning of sounds in Lee Yong-ak’s poetry in the aspect of senses. For the purpose, a focus was given on stories and poetic space present in his poetry as the stories present in poetry have orality and develop community feeling vulnerable to characters and poetic space is space which was physically experienced by Lee Yong-ak. Therefore, space developed by stories as speech and sensual experiences provides a clue to analysing the function of sounds in Lee’s sounds and to identifying Lee’ recognition on sounds. Lee Yong-ak made space visually to restore the same lost space as poets of that time. However, as it was related to hometown in memories and complex factors such as experiences, distortion and imagination worked for restoration of memories, poetic space in his poetry can not be discussed in the same layer as the space perceived by sounds. Therefore, this study is to discuss what meaning various sounds including speech have in Lee’s poetry and what relations they have with his physical experiences. In conclusion, it is to find a possibility to give meanings to sounds in Lee’s poetry by analysing that senses Lee had in writing poetry first were sounds.

리욱 시에 나타난 중국 동북 이미지 연구

신선옥(Shen Xian yu) 중앙어문학회 2016 語文論集 Vol.66 No.-

기존의 연구는 리욱 문학의 범주와 작품 속에 나타난 민족 정체성에 초점을 두고 연구를 진행하였다. 문학사적 관점에서 볼 때 리욱 문학의 소속 문제 즉 리욱 문학을 한국문학사에 포함시켜야 하는가 아니면 중국조선족문학사에 포함시켜야 하는가 하는 문제는 중요한 논쟁점이다. 그러나 본고에서는 이 문제를 떠나 주로 1945-1950년 사이에 창작된 리욱 시를 중심으로 하여 작품 속에 나타난 한중 관계사와 중국 근대사를 추출해보고자 한다. 아울러 조선 이주민의 눈에 비친 중국 동북 이미지를 분석하고 시가 속에서 그런 이미지로 구성된 이유를 조선 이주민에 대한 중국 정부의 정책에서 찾을 것이다. 이런 연구는 한중 이미지를 재구성하고 한중 관계에 있어서 중국 동북이 차지하는 역할에 대하여 재검토하게 한다. Previous studies on Lee, Uk have focused on his literary works and the ethnic characteristics embodied in his poems. From the opinion of experts on the unified history of literature, there appears to be a big controversy on whether Lee, Uk’s works belong to South Korean literature or to the literature of the Chinese Korean ethnic group. Regardless of the controversy, this paper focuses on the poems created by Li Xu from 1945 to 1950 to: 1) extract the Sino-Korean relations history and China’s history from his poems; 2) analyze the image of the Northeast of China as seen by Korean immigrants; and 3) generalize the impact of the policies framed for minority groups by the Chinese government on the shaping of Korea"s image. This study is significant in reconstructing the images of China and South Korea and rethinking the role that the Northeast of China plays in the Sino-Korean relations history.

1960년대 조선 희곡 『붉은 선동원』의 중국에서의 번역 및 그 전파

신선옥 ( Shen Xian Yu ) 중국한국(조선)어교육연구학회 2022 한국(조선)어교육연구 Vol.19 No.0

By examining Chinese translation of Bulgeun seondongwon, a North Korean literary work, and the spread of it in China in the 1960s, this paper reviews the great interest and enthusiasm in China on North Korean culture six decades ago. Bulgeun seondongwo by Jo Baekryeong is a representative of North Korean drama in the 1960s, and the plays and films adapted from this work became massive hits in North Korea then. The efforts made by Chinese literary and artistic societies to translate and adapt Bulgeun seondongwo enabled this work to be popular and fast-spreading. It was Zhanglin and Zijin who translated Bulgeun seondongwo in the first place in China, and the translated work was published and circulated as a separate publication and highly acknowledged by the Chinese intellectual community. Later on, the comic books were adapted from the translated work by people working on literature and arts, which enabled Chinese children to learn about the mainstream voice of North Korea. Meanwhile, the local dramas with the same theme of Bulgeun seondongwo were also put on in different parts of China, meeting the public’s cultural and recreational needs. Through translation and adaptation, the North Korean drama Bulgeun seondongwo was able to be widely spread and went localized in China, and Li Seonja, the protagonist, was regarded by Chinese as a cultural symbol of North Korea. The analysis in this paper has been made on such literatures as the relevant comments, book reviews and film reviews on the Chinese media in the 1960s, the discussion held in the Bulgeun seondongwo themed seminars, questionnaires surveys and interviews of Chinese audience, and Chinese play writers and artists’ show diaries, demonstrating the Chinese enthusiasm for North Korean culture aroused by Li Seonja, so called “red conveyor” in the Chinese context. Individual case study as it presents, this paper is able to offer a few case materials for constructing a Sino-Korean literature communication system at present.