특허무효심판에서의 심판물(subject matter) = 청구취지(특정 청구항) + 청구이유(무효사유+주요증거)

왕로(Lu WANG),정차호(Chaho JUNG) 원광대학교 법학연구소 2021 圓光法學 Vol.37 No.4

소송에서 소송물이 무엇인지가 매우 중요하듯이, 특허무효심판에서도 심판물이 무엇인지가 매우 중요하다. 그 심판물을 기준으로 기판력(일사부재리), 기속력, 중복심판 등이 판단된다. 특허무효심판의 심판물을 청구취지로 넓게 보는 견해와 청구취지 및 청구이유로 좁게 보는 견해가 존재하나, 그 쟁점에 대해 본격적으로 논의된 바는 없는 것으로 관측된다. 이 글은 특허무효심판에서의 심판물을 이해하기 위해, 우리 민사소송법에서의 소송물 이론 및 주요국에서의 소송물 이론을 분석하고, 나아가 주요국 특허무효심판에서의 심판물 이론을 분석하였다. 그러한 분석의 결과 이 글은 다음과 같은 법리적 개선방안을 제시한다. 첫째, 특허무효심판에서의 심판물은 청구취지로만 구성되는 것이 아니라 청구이유까지도 포함한다. 그 청구이유는 특정 청구항에 대한 특정 무효사유 및 주요증거로 구성된다. 둘째, 특허법 제163조는 일사부재리 원칙이 ‘동일 사실 및 동일 증거’에 적용된다고 규정하는데, 심판물의 견지에서 그 규정은 정확하지 않다. 일사부재리 원칙은 ‘동일 심판물’에 적용된다고 규정되어야 한다. 셋째, 특허법 제186조 제6항은 특허무효심판의 심결의 취소를 청구하는 소는 ‘심결’에 대한 것이어야 한다고 규정한다. 그 규정에서의 ‘심결’이 무엇인지가 명확하지 않다. 그 규정은 ‘심판물’에 대한 것이어야 한다고 개정되어야 한다. 넷째, 특허법 제158조의2가 (민사소송법 관련 규정의 준용을 통하여) 적시(適時)제출주의를 규정한다. 적시제출주의가 실현되기 위해서는 심판절차의 초기에 심판물이 확정되어야 한다. 그런 견지에서 청구이유의 수시 보정을 허용하는 특허법 제140조 제2항 제2호는 개정되어야 한다. 다섯째, 특허법 제159조는 당사자 또는 참가인이 신청하지 아니한 이유에 대해서도 직권으로 심리할 수 있다고 규정한다. 그러나, 특허무효심판에서는 처분권주의가 적용되어 청구인만이 심판물을 특정할 수 있어야 하며, 심판부는 관련 자료를 직권으로 탐지하는 것만 허용되어야 한다. 그런 내용을 담도록 제159조는 개정되어야 한다. As the subject matter in a litigation is very important, the “subject matter in a patent invalidation trial” (‘trial subject matter’) is also very important. Based on the trial subject matter, res judicata (claim preclusion), restriction ability, double litigation, etc. are decided. Until now, two conflicting theories have existed, one of which regards the trial subject matter as purport of petition and the other of which regards the trial subject matter as purport of petition and grounds of petition. However the issue has never been seriously debated in Korea. This paper, to understand the trial subject matter, has analyzed the subject matter jurisprudence in Korea and other countries’ civil procedure laws, and has further analyzed trial subject matter jurisprudence in major countries. As results of such analysis, this paper suggests the following legal improvement plans. Firstly, the trial subject matter consists not only purport of petition but also ground of petition. In addition, the ground of petition consists of a specific invalidation ground of a specific claim and primary evidences. Secondly, section 163 of the Korea Patent Act (KPA) prescribes that res judicata principle applies to the same fact and the same evidence. In respect of the trial subject matter, the provision is not correct. Res judicata principle shall be applied to the same trial subject matter. Thirdly, section 186(6) of the KPA prescribes that a suit for trial revocation should be on “trial decision”. Meaning of the “trial decision” in the provision is ambigous. The provision should be amended to mean “trial subject matter.” Fourthly, section 158-2 of the KPA (adapting relevant provisions of the Korea Civil Procedure Act) prescribes the timely submission principle. For the principle to be realized, the trial subject matter must be finalized in the early stage of the trial. In that respect, shall be amended section 140(2)(2), which allows amendment of petition ground from time to time. Fifthly, section 159 of the KPA prescribes that the trial board can sua sponte examine a ground which was not petitioned by the petitioner or joinder. However, in the patent invalidation trial, principle of disposition should be applied and therefore, only the petitioner shall specify the trial subject matter. The trial board is only allowed to sua sponte examine relevant evidences. Section 159 of the KPA shall be amended accordingly.

여성 1인 가구 범죄예방 서비스 디자인 연구

왕로 ( Wang Lu ),홍창기 ( Hong Chang-kee ) 커뮤니케이션디자인학회(구 시각디자인학회) 2018 커뮤니케이션 디자인학연구 Vol.63 No.-

결혼 평균 연령대가 높아지면서 자취를 하는 1인 가구 여성들이 늘어나고 안전한 주거환경에 대한 다양한 대책을 실행하고 있지만 여성에 대한 범죄 피해 사건이 끊임없이 발생하고 있다. 본 연구는 여성 1인 가구 대상으로 범죄 예방하기 위한 서비스 디자인 애플리케이션 제안을 모색한다. 여성 1인 가구의 현황 및 여성에 대한 범죄유형을 살펴보고 범죄 예방 서비스의 현황 및 사례 조사를 실시하였다. 여성 1인 가구에 대한 의견을 파악하는 것을 목적으로 20~40대 혼자 거주 하고 있는 여성 40명을 대상으로 설문 조사를 하여 사용자에게 필요한 서비스를 추출하였다. 마지막을 서비스 프로세스 단계와 전체적인 과정을 정리하고, 최종 서비스 블루프린트를 제안하였다. 본 연구는 모바일 애플리케이션을 통해 여성 1인 가구 주거 관련 불안감 및 피해율을 감소시킬 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 전반적으로 안심하고 생활할 수 있는 사회가 이루어지기를 기대한다. The number of single-female households is growing as the average marital age is getting higher. Even though there are various measures being held to secure a safe residential environment, crimes against women are still committed constantly. This study searches a plan for a service design application to prevent crimes held against women who live alone. The current status of single-female households and types of crimes held against women are examined, and the current extent of crime-prevention services and their cases were investigated. To figure out the general opinion on single-female households, a survey with 40 women aged between 20 and 40 who live alone was conducted to extract a service that is needed for the users. Lastly, the steps of service and the overall process were organized, and the final service blueprint is suggested in this study. The study expects not only to reduce anxiety and damage from living in a single-female household through the mobile application, but to also create a society where anyone can live at ease without having to worry about safety.

UTAUT2모형을 적용한 온라인 여행사의 신뢰 연구

왕로(Wang, Lu),진염(Chae, Ran),황영현(Hwang, Yeong-Hyeon) 한국관광레저학회 2019 한국관광레저학회 학술발표대회 Vol.2019 No.12

Understandings of the trust formation process that drives consumers’ initial and repeated purchase are important for online travel agencies (OTAs) to gain a competitive advantage By applying UTAUT2 model, this study has examined the differences in the role of influencing factors an trust level between initial and mature trust group of OTA users. An online survey of 438 Ctrip users was conducted for empirical analysis. The results indicate that influence of antecedent factors of trust vary by the level of trust. It is suggested tint ‘facilitating conditions’ among other factors needs to be actively utilized to facilitate trust an OTA Practical implications based on findings are addresed.

여행성격(Travel Personality) 집단에 따른 관광 정보요구 및 VR 이용행태의 차이 연구

왕로 ( Wang Lu ),장지현 ( Jang Ji-hyun ),황영현 ( Hwang Yeong-hyeon ) (사)한국마이스관광학회 2021 MICE관광연구 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study is to examine the differences in travel information needs and use characteristics of VR by segmented groups of travel personality. For the empirical study, an online survey was conducted in China. A total number of 600 responses were subjected to analyses. As a result of the cluster analysis based on travel personality type, three groups are distinguished, namely ‘family tour group,’ ‘inactive tour group,’ and ‘assertive activity seeking group.’ ‘Family tour group’ has a significantly high functional information needs, while risk avoidance needs is high for ‘inactive tour group,’ and ‘assertive activity seeking group.’ ‘Assertive activity seeking group’ perceives high usefulness of VR in destination, attraction, route, restaurant, and shopping place choice. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed with the directions for future study.

제7회 한증 형법 국제 학술심포지움 : 신중국 60년 경제형법 입법 경험의 초보적 총결 -탈세죄의 개정을 기본으로-

루찌엔핑 ( Lu Jian Ping ),왕안이 ( Wang An Yi ) 한국비교형사법학회 2009 비교형사법연구 Vol.11 No.2

온라인 여행사의 신뢰 연구: 초기신뢰집단과 성숙신뢰집단 간 선행요인의 효과 비교를 중심으로

진염(Chen, Ran),왕로(Wang, Lu),황영현(Hwang, Yeong-Hyeon) 한국관광레저학회 2020 관광레저연구 Vol.32 No.1

특허권 직접침해 법리의 개선방안

정차호(Chaho JUNG),왕로(Lu WANG) 충북대학교 법학연구소 2021 과학기술과 법 Vol.12 No.2

Current direct infringement jurisprudence in patent law of the Republic of Korea has the following problems: (1) there exists no provision which defines direct infringement; (2) the majority opinion demands “as business” requirement; and (3) with regard to relationship with indirect infringement, dependent theory, independent theory, etc. co-exist. To solve such problems, this paper has examined direct infringement jurisprudences of the U.S.A., Germany, England, China, Taiwan and Japan. The comparative examination has revealed that majority countries (1) have provisions, which define direct infringement, (2) do not demand “as business” requirement and (3) have taken dependent theory. Under such comparative examination, this paper proclaims that (1) a provision which prescribes direct infringement shall be newly inserted in section 127(1) and (2) the provision must not demand “as business” requirement. Furthermore, section 127(2) must clarify that for indirect infringement to be established there exist direct infringement first. The specific provision, section 127(1) could be as the following: “A person who exploits a patented invention, during patent term, within the Republic of Korea, without authority, is liable for direct infringement of a patent right or exclusive licensee right. To exempt a private and non-commercial activity from infringement, Section 96(1) could be amended to newly insert a provision which exempt such an activity from effect of a patent right. Further study on indirect infringement of a patent right should be followed to make a perfect infringement jurisprudence as a whole.

중국 국내 한국어 듣기 교재의 제시대화문 연구 -대명사 쓰임을 중심으로-

노성화 ( Xing Hua Lu ),왕전초 ( Quan Chao Wang ),양취평 ( Cui Ping Yang ) 연세대학교 언어연구교육원 한국어학당 2013 외국어로서의 한국어교육 Vol.39 No.-

The authenticity of foreign language textbooks is generally reflected in three aspects, the true situation, the natural language and the variety of materials. This research focused on the naturalness of the language, using two corpus which were created by the author directly. Firstly, it had calculated the pronouns` confidence interval, the confidence interval between pronouns and postpositions using the interval estimation methods in statistics. Then, Compared with the Korean listening textbooks, found the difference between them. The last, according to the results, put forward several suggestions to write Korean listening textbooks in the future. (YanBian University of China)