腎臟疾患의 病態生理와 治療 : 急性腎炎·腎症候群·急 慢性腎不全

洪淳國 藥業新聞社 1976 醫藥情報 Vol.1976 No.1

여름철 전염병과 대책-장티프스ㆍ파라티프스

홍순국,Hong, Sun-Guk 한국건강관리협회 1976 건강소식 Vol.4 No.7

저Pb Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%Bi계 솔더 합금의 특성에 관한 연구

홍순국,주철홍,강정윤,김인배 대한용접접합학회 1998 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.16 No.3

Recently as environmental pollution caused by Pb has posed a serious threat to the global environment, the trend to regulate the usage of Pb in electronic industry is one the rise. Currently, the solder alloy with high Pb content, Sn-37%Pb, is utilized in the electronic assembly therefore, the objective of this study is to develop an alternative solder alloy for the existing Sn-37%Pb solder alloy. First thing, this work choosed Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag, Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%Bi(x=1~5%) for candidate solder alloys, and examined their properties such as melting range, wettability, microhardness, tensile property, oxidation behavior and microstructure. Wettability was on the same level of Sn-37%Pb. Dissolution of Pb ion in Sn-5%Pb solder was 0.46ppm. This solder alloy revealed cellular dendrite microstructure $\beta$-Sn matrix, Pb-rich phase, Ag/Sn, and Cu/Sn Intermetallic compounds. The range of solidification temperature was within 3$0^{\circ}C$. Also these alloy displayed higher tensile strength and lower elongation than Sn-37%Pb. The resistance of oxidation in Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag solder alloy was superior to that of Sn-37%Pb solder alloy. But that of Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-5%Bi solder alloy was equal to that of Sn-37%Pb solder alloy.

睾丸이 脊髓의 아렐기性變化에 미치는 影響에 關한 實驗的硏究

洪淳國 고려대학교 의과대학 1964 고려대 의대 잡지 Vol.1 No.1

An increasing tendency has recently been noted in neurologic clinics and meetings to ascribe to allergy an important role in the etiology of the demyelinating diseases. Reactions of hypersensitivity to various antigens have occasionally been studied in the nervous system. It has been reviewed by Hurst in detail that some clinical states are believed to originate in reactions of this nature and also in the earlier experimental work; Kennedy also has recently emphasiszed the existence of the former. The experimental work has been concerned mainly with the occurrence in the brain of the Arthus phenomenon following intracerebral injection of an antigen (horse serum or egg albumin) into a previously sensitized animal. The resulting localized lesions have been highly hemorrhagic, with edema, vascular necrosis, abundant polymorphonuclear exudate, central necrosis of tissue and demyelination. It has been fully investigated that the effects of endocrine organs frequently influence the allergic changes directly or indirectly. Thus Prof. Yun reported that orchidectomy suppressed anaphylactic shock. I studied and reported in this paper about some effects of which might be influenced on allergic changes of the spinal cord by the testis. Materials and Methods Healthy adult male albino rabbits weighing about 2.0 kg were used. Fresh horse serum, prepared by the laboratory of the National Bureau of Preventive Medicine, was used as antigen. Testosterone propionate in sesame oil 25 mg per C.C. made by the U.S. Pacific States Laboratory was used as testicular hormone. The rabbits were divided into 4 groups as foliowing: 1. Normal group 2. Orchidectomized group 3. Qrchidectomized group with testosterone injection 4. Normal group with testosterone injection They were further subdivided into pretreatment group, nonsensitized group, sensitized group and compared each other. Pretreatment group: Horse serum, 1.0 C.C. per Kg of body weight, was injected subcutaneously for 4 days. Nonsensitized group: A single injection of horse serum, 0.1 C.C. per Kg of body weight, was done in spinal cord. Sensitized group: A single injection of horse serum, 0.1 c.c per Kg of body weight, was done in spinal cord of the sensitized rabbits. Results Pretreatment group: There were no significant changes on macroscopic and microscopic examination in the following group; 1. Normal group, 2. Orchidetomized group, 3. Orchidectomized group with testosterone injection, 4. Normal group with testosterone injection. Nonsensitized group: Edema, hyperemia and petechiae were noted grossly on 6 -24 hr's specimens after normal horse serum injection into spinal cord upon the following 4 group; 1. Normal group, 2. Orchidectomized group, 3. Orchidectomized group with testosterone, 4. Normal group with testosterone injection. On microscopic examination hyperemia, hemorrhage, perivascular inflammatory changes with polymorphonuclear leucocyte infiltration, myelin destruction and axis cylinder damage were noted. These changes were slight in general and no longer present on 72 hr's specimens. Sensitized group: The following 4 group. 1. Normal group, 2. Orchidetomized group, 3. Orchidectomized group with testosterone injection, 4. Normal group with testosterone injection showed edema, hyperemia, petechiae grossly on 3 hr's-72 hr's or 1 weeks specimens after treatment. On microscopic examination hyperemia, hemorrhage, necrosis, edema, necrotic vasculitis were noted. There were infiltrated with neutrophiles, eosinophiles and monocytes. There were demyelination and interruption of axis cylinder. These changes were severe on 12 hr's-48 hr's specimens after treatment and repaired gradually in the normal group. Similar changes were observed in the other groups but most prominent in the orchidectomized group and lasting for 1-2 weeks, while they were mild in those testosterone injection groups in normal or orchidectomized rabbits. Conclusion 1. Allergic reaction of the spinal cord induced by horse serum into normal rabbits, orchidectomized rabbits, orchidectomized rabbits with testosterone injection, normal rabbits with testosterone injection were observed. 2. The cardinal allergic changes of the spinal cord were edema, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, necrotic vasculitis, polymorphonuclear infiltration, demyelination. 3. Allergic changes of the spinal cord were enhanced by orchidectomy and were suppressed by testosterone injection.

극한 환경에서 급속발열과 장기내구성을 가지는 CNT 필름 개발

홍순국(Hong, Soon-Kook) 해군사관학교 해양연구소 2018 海洋硏究論叢 Vol.51 No.-

Carbon nanotube (CNT) composites widely have been studied for resistive heating applications (such as de-icing unit, patternable micro heaters and water heater) owing to their light-weight properties, flexibility and rapid heating. For mass product of CNT composite as resistive heating element applications, the change of electrical resistance with different temperature must be studied. In this research, resistive heating behavior of CNT/Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) composite film were studied by measuring the change in electrical resistance under temperature from -40 ℃ to 100 ℃. The CNT/PDMS composite film showed 25 % resistance change from -40 ℃ to 100 ℃. The polymer coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) is an important factor to consider in the design of CNT composites as a heating unit. The CNT/PDMS composite is appropriate for de-icing application and flexible heating element owing to the lower degree of electrical resistance change.

저 Pb Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In계 솔도 합금의 특성에 관한 연구

홍순국,주철홍,강정윤,김인배,Hong, Sun-Guk,Ju, Cheol-Hong,Gang, Jeong-Yun,Kim, In-Bae 한국재료학회 1998 한국재료학회지 Vol.8 No.11

Pb의 환경오염 문제를 발생하지 않는 저농도 Pb 솔도합금을 개발하기 위하여, 새로운 Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In계 합금 조성을 설계하고, 이 합금의 융점, 젖음성, 상분석, 경도, 인장강도, 드로스성을 평가하여, Sn-37%Pb 솔더오 대체 가능성을 타진하였다. Sn-37%Pb 솔도 합금의 Pbdldhs 용출농도는 국제규제치인 3ppm보다 훨씬 적은 0.46ppm이었고, 환경문제를 유발하지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 합금계의 융점은 $183-192^{\circ}C$이고, 응고온도범위도 $5^{\circ}C$내외로 매우 좁았다. 젖음성은 In의 첨가양에 따라 큰 차이가 거의 없었으며, Sn-375Pb와 비슷하였다. 융점 및 젖음성 측면에서 Sn-37%Pb와 대체 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. 경도는 Sn-37%Pb의 약 1.5배이고, 인장강도는 Sn-37%Pb의 것보다 높고, In의 첨가량에 따라 증가하였지만, 연신율은 감소하였다. In이 1% 첨가된 합금에서는 수지 상정 경계에 Ag3Sn과 Pb가 정출되고, 3% 이상에서는 $Ag_3Sn$과 $Ag_3In$ 및 Pb가 정출되었다. 드로스 생성속도는 Sn-37%Pb 합금이 Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag 합금보다 빠르고, In을 첨가할수록 느리고 2%의 In을 첨가한 합금은 180분에서도 거의 드로스가 발생하지 않았다. This work designed Sn-5%Pb-1.5%Ag-x%In solder alloy to develop the solder alloy with low Pb content. This solder alloy doesn't cause environmental pollution. and this study reviewed the probability of replacement of Sn-37%Pb solder as evaluation of melting range, wettability. microstructure, microhardne'ss, tensile strength, drossability of this new solder alloys. The level of international regulation in dissolution amount of Pb ion was 3ppm. But dissolution amount of Pb ion in Sn-5%Pb solder alloy confirmed not to threat the global environmental is 0.46ppm. The melting range of this solder alloy was $183-192^{\circ}C$. Also the range of solidification was very narrow within $5^{\circ}C$. The wettability was similar to Sn-37%Pb solder, and the effect of amount of In addition of wettability couldn't be founded. The probability of replacement in the melting range and wettability is very high. And microhardness of this solder alloy was 1.5 times of conventional type solder. Tensile strength of new solder alloys was a little high than that of conventional type solder. With increasing amount of In% addition, tensile strength was increased, but elongation was decreased. The solder alloy of l%In addition revealed AgSn and Pb on dendrite microstructure boundary, and $Ag_3Sn$, $Ag_3In$ and Pb were revealed on it at the solder alloy of 3% In addition. The drossability was superior to Sn-37%Pb solder alloy and the solder alloys of 2% In addition was not generated for 3hrs.

食 中 毒

洪淳國 대한의학협회 1968 대한의학협회지 Vol.11 No.5

신증후출혈열에 대한 임상적 관찰

홍순국,Hong, Soon-Kuk 한국생명보험의학회 1987 保險醫學會誌 Vol.4 No.1

寸蟲의 症狀 診斷·治療

洪淳國 亞洲藥品 1959 臨床 醫藥 Vol.1 No.3

실장기술에 있어서의 환경영향

홍순국 대한용접접합학회 1995 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.13 No.4

전자제품의 고기능화에 따라 Controller의 중요성은 점점 증대되고 있다. 따라서 Controller(이하 PCB라 칭함)의 제조 공정에서 납땜 관련 Board 재료, Flux, Flux 탄화 연기 등은 식물의 고사 현상등 지구환경을 위협하고 있다. 특히, 자동차 매연이나 도장 또는 PCB 납땜시 SOX, NOX, 탄화수소계등이 휘발하게 되며 아황산 가스 나 질소 산화물이 대기중에서 물과 반응하여 황산 또는 질산으로 변하여 PH 5.6이하 의 산성비를 내리게 한다. 이 산성비는 삼림피해 어류감소 등 생태계를 파괴하고 콘 크리트 철재등 건축 자재물을 부사시킨다. 또한 바람에 의해 인접국가에도 막대한 피해를 주고 있다. 특히 폐가전제품의 PCB 접합부에 산성비가 접촉되면 Pb 이온이 용출되어 토양 및 수질오염, 인체피해 등 심각한 영향을 미치게 된다. 최근 이와관련 세계 각국의 규제 움직임이 활발해지고 있어, 본 논문은 전자기기 제품의 심장인 PCB 와 관계된 환경오염 대상물질의 규제동향과 심각성 및 이에 대한 환경피해 Mechanism 을 분석하여 실장기술에 있어서 총체적인 환경대응 방안을 모색하고자 한다.