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權容雄 韓國作物學會 1978 Korean journal of crop science Vol.23 No.3
Use of herbicides in Korean agriculture has increased rapidly in recent years accompanying with ever-increasing pressure of farm labor shortage. Herbicides occupied already the second place in the rank of pesticides consumption in 1977. The agricultural experiment stations have carried out over 50 trials of chemical weed control each year since 1968. These research works and registration trials contributed much to the present wide use of herbicides. The pesticide management act amended in 1977 requires reevaluation of pesticides for their efficacy every 5 year-term. However, the development of sound weed control program and recommendations has been hempered very much by the lack of qualified workers of weed control research in agricultural experiment stations and in the institute for pesticide registration trial. Critical review of the past research works on herbicide evaluation and the present status indicates strong need for 1) the characterization of the nature of local and national weed problem, 2) the improvement of ability of the staffs in charge of weed control research through appropriate training on the basics and experimental techniques, and 3) organization and activities of weed control research committee. Furthermore, the present article attempts to clarify commonly misled points in the establishment of herbicide evaluation plan, in the design and execution of field trials, and in the assessment of trial results of the past works from the viewpoint of the basic principles with some case studies for resolution of specific enigmas
窒酸化作用 抑制劑가 作物의 生長 및 窒酸態窒素同化作用系에 미치는 影響
權容雄 서울大學校 農科大學 1976 서울대농학연구지 Vol.1 No.1
Nitrification inhibitors, 2-chloro-6-(trichloromethyl)-pyridine (nitrapyrin) and 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine (Am) were tested for their phytotoxicity in pot experiments of their soil incorporation at seeding at concentrations ranging from 1 to 500 ppmW. Also, studied was the effect of the inhibitors on the catalytic as well as in vivo synthesis of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase. 1. The lowest concentration of soil incorporation causing 10% reduction (??) in early shoot growth was 7, 10, 12, 13, 23, 32, and 72ppmW for wheat, radish, soybean, tomato, corn, barley and rice, respectively for nitrapyrin, and was 36, 60, 82, 112, 153 and 224 ppmW for soybean, barley, radish, wheat, corn, and rice, respectively for 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine. 2. The ID? in early root growth was 1, 2, 3, 4, 9, 13, and 23ppm Wfor radish, corn, barley, soybean, wheat, tomato and rice, respectively for nitrapyrin, and was 30, 36, 38, 41, 60, 119, and 224 ppmW for soybean, corn, rice, barley, wheat, radish, and tomato, respectively for 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine, indicating a greater sensitivity of root growth than shoot growth in their phytotoxicity in most species. 3. Catalytic activity of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase was not inhibited by the presence of the inhibitors in reaction mixture at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 25ppm Was tested under substrate limiting (around Km for NO₃- and NO₂-, respectively) and substrate nonlimiting reaction conditions. 4. Soil incorporation of nitrapyrin at seeding inhibited in vivo synthesis of both nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase in wheat seedlings approx. by 10 to 35% at concentrations of 1 to 5 ppmW where no significant reduction in growth was observed. 5. Soil incorporation of 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl pyrimidine at seeding inhibited in vivo synthesis of nitrate reductase at concentrations above 50 ppmW while the in vivo synthesis of nitrite reductase was not inhibited at all at concentrations upto 200 ppmW. 6. The differential inhibition of in vivo synthesis of nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase as observed for both chemicals appears indicative of their ability of specific inhibition of the enzyme synthesis concerned rather than of their inhibition of protein synthesis in general.
作付體系를 달리해 온 隣接耕地들의 雜草種子 埋立狀態 및 雜草發生潛在力
鄭奉眞,權容雄 서울大學校 農科大學 1980 서울대농학연구지 Vol.5 No.1
Weed seeds buried in the soil at depths down to 16cm and their germinability were investigated for neighouring fields of 9 cropping systems: paddy rice monoculture, paddy rice and rye, soybean and barley, soybean and rye, wheat-fallow-sesame-fallow, sweet potato-fallow-corn-fallow, peanut-fallow-sesame-fallow, strawberry or chinese chive culture. The number of weed seeds buried in the soil of 2cm depth unit per ㎡ area was on average about 30,000 to 40,000 in the paddy field and about 60,000 to 100,000 in the upland field. Weed seeds in the soil were distributed rather evenly down to 8cm depth, but the number decreased as the depth increased in the soil layer deeper than 8cm. Geminability of buried weed seeds increased about twice after reburial of the seeds 30cm deep in the 1:1 mixture of soil and sand for 2 months. Approximately 25% of the paddy weed seeds and 6% of the upland weed seeds were able to germinate after reburial. Number and distribution of buried seeds in the soil were apparantly affected by cropping system as practiced over 10 years in this investigation. However, the extent of the differences exerted by cropping system seems not so important as compared to the enormous numbers of buried seeds in all of the fields.
權純國,權容雄 서울大學校 農科大學 1987 서울대농학연구지 Vol.12 No.1
carried out to review and to take countermeasures against droughts in Korean ch have been occurred most frequently among various agricultural disaters. The uded as follows; return period of droughts for Korean paddy rice is amounted approximately to sed on historical data as well as the data of recent 20 years. Therefore, drpou be considered as the most important agricultural disaster and appropriate counter- uld be taken for the stable rice production. igated area which can resist against the drought with 3 years return period is a n 50% of the total paddy area in view of the drought-resistance capability of eserviors, the continuous development of agricultural water resources is urgently countermeasure against periodical droughts. th further development of water resources, the efficient management of water isting reservoirs, rational distribution of irrigation water and emergency measures ghts are needed. Also, the above mentioned measures should be based on the 1ts and the data accumulated from the field study. o the meterorological factors, the relative storage ratio of reservoirs defined in this idered a good index which indicates the degree of droughts for paddy rice. Because droughts is almost concentrated to before and after transplanting, cultivation and s countermeasures against droughts are also very important in addition to new of water resources and the rational distribution of irrigation water. Research these areas should not be neglected.