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막유화법을 이용한 Ca-alginate Microparticle 약물수송체의 제조와 약물방출특성
박성배,김우식,김중현,박함용,함승주,유진오 한국화학공학회 1999 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.37 No.5
최근까지 연구가 진행되어온 bead 형태를 가진 약물수송체는 크기가 큼으로 인해서 약제 투여 방식에 큰 한계를 가지고 있다. 이를 보완하기 위해 본 연구에서는 막유화법을 이용하여 반응기의 압력과 sodium alginate의 농도 변화에 따른 alginate microparticle 약물수송체를 제조하였다. 수송체내의 약물로는 양이온성 약물인 lidocaine·HCl, 비이온성 약물인 4-acetamidophenol, 음이온성 약물인 sodium salicylate를 사용하였으며, 이를 이온 강도 0.2의 pH 2, pH 7인 인산완충용액내에서 방출 실험을 실시하였다. 막유화법에서 alginate의 농도가 2 wt%일 때, 압력은 0.4×10^5 Pa일 때 가장 단분산적인 microparticle을 얻을 수 있었다. 약물의 이온성에 따른 방출 결과는 양이온성 약물이 음이온성 약물보다 지연되는 경향을 보였는데, 이는 alginate의 카르복시기와 양이온성 약물의 이온성 결합 때문이다. pH 2와 pH 7의 완충용액에서의 방출 결과는 pH 2에서 많은 지연 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났는데, 이는 카르복시기와 완충용액내의 H^+, Na^+에 의한 해리도의 차이 때문이다. 이로써 bead 크기의 수백분의 일인 microparticle이 민감한 pH 반응성을 보이므로 그 자체를 약물수송체로 사용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 여러 제약 투여 방식에 유리하게 응용될 수 있음을 알 수 있다. Conventional alginate bead has been limited to be used as a drug carrier because of its large size. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional large-size alginate drug beads, Ca-alginate microparticles were prepared using membrane emulsification method controlled with the sodium alginate concentration and the pressure of reactor. The optimal monodispersed microparticles were obtained with the concentration of 2 wt% alginate solution and the pressure of 0.4x10^5 Pa. The mean size of our prepared microparticles was about 4 ㎛. As the drug solutions, lidocaine HCl(cationic), sodium salicylate(anionic) and 4-acetamidophenol(nonionic) were selected. These three different drugs were loaded in the drug carrier of prepared alginate microparticles. Drug releases were performed in the sodium phosphate buffers of pH 2 and pH 7 and ionic strength of 0.2. The release behavior with the variation of drug charge showed that of the cationic drug release was retarded more than anionic one due to the ionic interaction between carboxyl group of alginates and positive charge of cationic drug. From the comparison experiments of the buffers of pH 2 and pH 7, the release was much retarded at pH 2 buffer due to the ionic repulsive force or ionic attractive force between the carboxyl group and the hydroxy or sodium ion in the buffer. Conclusively, the usage of small-size pH sensitive microparticle as a drug carrier has a high potential for the application of drug delivery systems.
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최대 엔트로피 부스팅 모델을 이용한 영어 전치사구 접속과 품사 결정 모호성 해소
박성배 한국정보과학회 2003 정보과학회논문지 : 소프트웨어 및 응용 Vol.30 No.6
최대 엔트로피 모델은 자연언어를 모델링하기 위한 좋은 방법이다. 하지만, 최대 엔트로피 모델을 전치사구 접속과 같은 실제 언어 문제에 적용할 때, 자질 선택과 계산 복잡도의 두 가지 문제가 발생한다. 본 논문에서는, 이런 문제와 자연언어 자원에 존재하는 불균형 데이터 문제를 해결하기 위한 최대 엔트로피 부스팅 모델(maximum entropy boosting model)을 제시하고, 이를 영어의 전치사구 접속과 품사 결정 모호성 해소에 적용한다. Wall Street Journal 말뭉치에 대한 실험 결과, 문제의 모델링에 아주 작은 노력을 들였음에도 불구하고, 전치사구 접속 문제에 대해 84.3%의 정확도와 품사 결정 문제에 대해 96.78%의 정확도를 보여 지금까지 알려진 최고의 성능과 비슷한 결과를 보였다. Maximum entropy models are promising candidates for natural language modeling. However, there are two major hurdles in applying maximum entropy models to real-life language problems, such as prepositional phrase attachment: feature selection and high computational complexity. In this paper, we propose a maximum entropy boosting model to overcome these limitations and the problem of imbalanced data in natural language resources, and apply it to prepositional phrase (PP) attachment and part-of-speech (POS) tagging. According to the experimental results on Wall Street Journal corpus, the model shows 84.3% of accuracy for PP attachment and 96.78% of accuracy for POS tagging that are close to the state-of-the-art performance of these tasks only with small efforts of modeling.
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박성배 한국기술사회 2000 技術士 Vol.33 No.4
Within 10years, it will be possible to integrate 10B transistors on a single chip microprocessor which wilt operate far beyond GHZ, and it will execute about 20-200 instructions per clock cycle from widely variable instruction streams leveraging SMT(Simultaneous Multithreading) technology . Also it will decouple the current legacy X86 binary compatibility by translation layer such as code morphing technology.
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레저스포츠 관광 시설 내의 응급처치 상황에 따른 법적 책임유형
박성배 한국체육정책학회 2018 한국체육정책학회지 Vol.16 No.4
The purpose of this study is to spread awareness about the situation of the First-aid measure and the legal countermeasure and to improve the awareness about safety management deputy on the facility for the manager and the state. Through the preventive effectiveness on the situation of the First-aid measure and the recovery of the rights, to promote returning the injured to Tourism & Leisure Sports is the purpose of this study too. For the purpose I have used literature investigation research about the law and precedent deeply and I have arrived at the conclusion there are legal liabilities; civil liability, criminal liability and state tort liability. And the civil liability includes two kinds of liability for damages. The one is the liability for damages from the default which is based on the Civil Law clause 390. Another is the liability for damages from the illegality of the facility manager and employee which is based on the Civil Law clause 750 and 756. The criminal liability includes two kinds of liability for damages too. The one is the liability for damages of the facilities manager according to his violation and lax attitude to safety regulations. Another is the liability for damages according to the employee's(guide, driver, instructor, safety guide etc) violation and lax attitude to safety regulations. And the state tort liability includes two kinds of liability for damages too. The one is the liability for damages of the state or the local government according to the official's intentional or negligent illegality which is based on the State Compensation Act clause 2. Another is the liability for damages from the defect from installation to management of the public structure which is based on the State Compensation Act clause 5. And the public structure contains both artificial structure and natural structure. The preventive effectiveness on the situation of the First-aid measure and the recovery of rights and to promote returning the injured to Tourism & Leisure, we need to study concretely about the judicial precedent case by case.
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