Mannitol이 家兎大動脈 切片의 收縮에 미치는 影響

孫東烈,徐大圭 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.1

It is generally accepted that increased tissue osmolarity is associated with regional vasodilation and it has been shown that hyperosmolar agents increase blood flow in various vascular bed. Although mannitol is widely recognised as an osmotic diuretic, the finding that hypertonic mannitol has been show to reduce the extent of myocardial injury, improve ventricular function, and increase total and regional myocardial blood flow suggested the possibility of vasodilatorry effect. However, some authors have described a contraction rather than relaxation in various blood vessels as a response to mannitol. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to examine the influence of hyperosmolarity produced by mannitol on contractile responses to selected vasoactive interventions in isolated arterial smooth muscle preparations with the intent of providing a better understanding of mechanisms responsible for mannitol's vasodilator ability. The results were as followings. 1. Mannitol(5×10(???)²M, 1×10(???)¹M and 2×10(???)¹M) induced contractions on isolated rabbit aortae. These contractios were not related to adrenergic, cholinergic mechanism and not affected by removal of Ca²(???) in a bathing media. 2. Prior exposure of mannitol was found to decrease contractile responses elicited with noradrenaline. And addition of mannitol to muscle already contracted caused a decreases in tone induced by noradrenaline. The amount of relaxation induced by mannitol was dependent on the contraction of mannitol employed. 3. The relaxing effect of mannitol were slightly weaker than those of hydralazine and nifedipine. It can be concluded that mannitol causes vasodilatory action in a muscle already contracted in concentration-dependent manner. Thus mannitol can be used to control the hypertension in respect to its osmotic diuretic effect with mild vasodilatory effect.

Gentamicin이 白鼠 尿細管의 燐酸鹽 分解酵素 活性에 미치는 影響

申仁澈,趙旺基,徐大圭 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.2

Gentamicin is a bactericidal aminoglycoside antibiotic and an important agent for the treatment of many serious gram-negative bacillary infections. However, emergence of resistant microorganisms and development of nephrotoxicity with long-term use of the antibiotic has become a serious problem and may limit the future use of this agent. It is generally accepted that gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity is closely related to the accumulation of the antibiotic in renal tubules. This study was made to determine the changes in the activities of alkaline phosphatase and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) histochemically in renal tubules of male ICR mice, weighing 20-25 gm, treated with a bolus intraperitoneal injection of gentamicin, 300 mg per kg body weight at 3, 6 and 12 hours after drug administration in order to elucidate the pathogenesis underlying gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. The results were as follws. 1. Phosphatase activities after gentamicin administration were decreased in renal cortex. 2. Alkaline phosphatase activity in renal cortex were slightly decreased (?) at 3 and 12 hours and moderately decreased(+) at 6 hours after administration compared to control group(?). 3. ATPase activity in renal cortex were moderately decreased (+) at 3 hours, severe decreased (±) at 6 hours and slightly decreased (?) at 12 hours after drug administration compared to control group (?). Consequently, it is suggested that gentamicin decreases in activities of alkaline phosphatase and ATPase in the kidney by damages in renal epithelial cells and cytoplasmic organelles and thought to be that it is one of the biochemical events in gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity.

Alloxan 유발 당뇨 생쥐에 미치는 Evening Primrose 종자유의 영향

김수조,신인철,서대규 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1988 環境科學論文集 Vol.9 No.-

근대 사람의 평균 수명이 연장됨에 따라 당뇨병이 증가하는 경향을 보이고 있으며, 또한 당뇨병 소인의 주요인자인 비만증이 점차 증가하는 경향을 보여 당뇨병은 현대의학에 있어서 해결되어야 할 중요한 질병이 되고 있다. 당뇨병은 인슐린 결핍에 의한 혈당상승을 주 증상으로 하며, 지방 및 단백질 대사이상을 수반하여 심한 당원성 ketoacidosis와 혈관 증후군을 초래하는 만성질환으로서 Mering과 Minkowski가 췌장을 절제함으로써 개에서 당뇨병을 발생시켰으며 실험적으로는 인슐린에 대한 항체, alloxan 또는 streptozotocin등에 의하여 당뇨병을 유발시킬 수 있다. Alloxan 투여에 의하여 발생한 실험적 당뇨병의 조직학적 소견으로는 췌장의 Langerhans씨 섬내 β세포의 핵막비후, 과립소실 및 수포성 병변등을 볼 수 있으며 당뇨병의 치료에 대해서는 식이요법, 경구혈당강하요법 및 인슐린 요법이 널리 사용되어 오고 있다. Evening Primrose 종자유는 죽상 경화증, 고지질혈증 및 비만증 등에 효과가 있다고 보고되고 있으나 고혈당증에 대한 효과는 보고된 바 없어서 고혈당증에 대한 효과와 당뇨병성 병변에 대하여 Evening Primrose 종자유가 어떻게 작용하는지를 조직학적으로 규명하기 위하여 실험동물을 정상 대조군, alloxan 처치군, alloxan 처치후 Evening Primrose 종자유 투여군 및 Evening Primrose 종자유 단독 투여군으로 구분, 실험30분, 1,2,4,8,16,32,64,128 및 256시간후에 혈당량을 측정하고 도살하여 적출한 췌장조직의 경검소견을 비교 검토한 결과 Evening Primrose 종자유는 고혈당증을 경감시킬 뿐 아니라 췌장 Langerhans씨 섬 β세포의 제병변을 경감시켰다. Recently, corresponding to the lengthening of our life span, obesity which predisposes a person to diabetes mellitus have gradually been increased as well as the number of diabetics. There fore, diabetes mellitus has become one of the most important problems in modern medical science. The effects of evening primrose seed oil on atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia and obesity have been reported, but the effect of evening primrose seed oil on hyperglycemia is rarely reported. This study is conducted to evaluate the effect of evening primrose seed oil on hyperglycemia and diabetes mellitus. Mice weighing about 25gm were used for this experiment and observed on the 4 groups, control group, alloxan administered group, alloxan and evening primrose seed oil administered group, and evening primrose seed oil administered group. Alloxan was injected intraperitoneally with normal saline added 100㎎ per ㎏ alloxan to each mouse, and evening primrose seed oil was administered enterally by intubation with 1.5㎖ per ㎏ to each mouse. The pancreas was examined histologically, and blood glucose level in each mouse was measured. The results obtained from this study were as follows: 1. Blood glucose levels were markedly elevated, and the histological changes usually seen in diabetes were noted in the mice treated with alloxan. 2. The elevation of blood glucose levels in mice treated with both alloxan and evening primrose seed oil was statistically lower than that of the alloxan administered group and pathological changes in the former were also milder than those in the latter. 3. No significant changes were noted in both control and evening primrose seed oil administered group. The data obtained from this experiment indicated that evening primrose seed oil reduces diabetic changes as well as lowers abnormally elevated blood glucose levels.

合成液體洗劑의 局所塗布가 마우스 皮膚組織에 미치는 影響에 關하여

孫東烈,金仁樹,徐大圭 漢陽大學校環境科學硏究所 1981 環境科學論文集 Vol.2 No.-

國産 合成洗劑의 通常用途인 洗淨, 洗滌時 一次的 接觸이 일어나는 部位인 皮膚組織에 대한 變化를 觀察하기 위해 市中에서 市販되고 있는 合成洗劑中 任意選擇한 5가지 製品의 液體合成洗劑를 50%, 20%,10%,5% 및 1%로 稀釋하여 마우스의 背部 털을 1×2㎝ 로 깍아낸 후 洗劑原液과 이의 稀釋液을 1日 2回 2㎖씩 塗布한 다음 마우스의 一般狀態와 皮膚組織의 肉眼的 및 組織學的 檢査를 實施한 바 通常使用 濃度로 塗布한 境遇에는 마우스 皮膚에 별有意한 變化를 招來하지 않았으나 1%以上의 濃度로 反復 塗布했을 境遇에는 洗劑의 適用濃度와 適用期間에 따라 程度의 差異는 있었으나 대체로 發赤과 浮腫이 생겼고 毛細血管 充血, 角質層의 肥厚, 好中球의 浸潤, 急性 炎症性 變化, 表皮層의 肥厚 및 角化, 脫毛現象을 認定할 수 있었으며 高濃度로 反復 局所塗布했을 境遇에는 自發運動의 減退, 立毛現象, 飼料 攝取量의 減少, 體重 減少等이 일어났다. 5 different liquid synthetic detergents arbitrarily chosen in Korean markets were applied undiluted and in concentration of 50, 20, 10, 5 and 1 per cent directly to the back of mice over a 1×2 cm area two times a day. And then general conditions of mice and histological changes on the skins of mice were examined. The results of the experiment were as follows; 1. Liquid synthetic detergents topically applied in generally used concentration could not cause any significant changes on the skins of mice. 2. Local redness and swelling of the skin were observed with consecutive topical application in high concentration more than 1 per cent. Capillary congestion, thickening of the horny layer, neutrophilic infiltration in the dermis, thickening and hyperkeratosis of epidermis, loss of hair and acute inflammatory changes were histopathologically noted and the depth of these changes were in accordance with the applied concentration and period of detergents. 3. Decreased spontaneous movement, pilomotor stimulation, decreased food intake and decreased body weight were resulted from the local application of the detergents.

Theophylline이 心筋收縮力 亢進作用에 미치는 影響

李相卓,徐大圭 한양대학교 의과대학 1986 한양의대 학술지 Vol.6 No.1

Isolated rabbit left atria were driven electrically at frequency from 6 to 240/min stepwisely. The contractile force of electrically-driven left atria varied with frequency of stimulation: the developed tension increased with frequency between 6 and 120/min but decreased with increasing frequency higher than 180/min. The application of phenylephrine at concentrations of 10(???)M and 10(???)M increased the developed contractile tension and shifted the tension-frequency curve upward dose-dependently. The positive inotropic effect of phenylephrine was markedly inhibited by pretreatment with phentolamine (10(???)M) but no significant changes were observed with theophylline (10(???)⁴M)-treatment. Isoproterenol at concentrations of 2×10(???)M and 10(???)M also increased developed contractile tension and shifted the tension-frequency curve upward dose-relatedly. Pretreatment of atria with theophylline (10(???)⁴M) markedly potentiated the effect of isoproterenol.

接着劑 및 數種揮發性 物質의 吸入으로 因한 有害作用

徐大圭 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1985 環境科學論文集 Vol.6 No.-

向精神作用의 效果를 爲해 靑少年層에서 蔓延되고 있는 接着劑 및 揮發性 物質의 吸入으로 招來될 수 있는 組織臟器의 器質的 變化를 觀察하여 이들 物質의 吸入을 規制할 수 있는 對策樹立의 參考資料를 얻고자 mouse에 본드, 세메다인, 揮發油 및 paint thinner를 動物이 死亡할 때까지 持續的으로 또는 1日 2回 5日 및 10日間 間歇的으로 吸入시켜 藥物의 體內에서의 處理에 關與하는 肝臟과 腎臟에 對한 組織學的 變化를 檢索하고 肝機能에 미치는 影響을 檢討하였든 바 다음과 같은 結論을 얻었다. Recently youngsters who deliberately sniff glue and other volatile solvents to alter mental state are increasing in number creating one of the serious socio-medical problems. The present study was undertaken to investigate the adverse effects induced by sniffing of glue, model cement, gasoline, and paint thinner in ICR mice. Sniffing of glue and others were conducted for 5,10 days twice a day to loss of righting reflex, and to expired. All mice were excited initially and followed by a later depressive state in general activity. Time required to loss of righting reflex by sniffing of glue and gasoline were shorter than those of model cement and paint thinner. Blood cell count, either in leukocyte, erythrocyte and the differential count, were decreased in all mice, and the changes of those were more significant in mice for 10 days-sniffing of gasoline. More severe histological changes in liver and kidney were evoked by sniffing of glue and gasoline for 10 days than that of model cement and paint thinner, that for 5 days. In liver, these include cellular swelling, sinusoidal congestion, infiltration of monocyte with karyorrhexis and Karyopyknosis. In kidney, tubular epithelial necrosis and destruction of glomerulus were identified. It can be concluded that the damages by sniffing of glue and gasoline were more serious than those by model cement and paint thinner with increasing frequency of sniffing.

血量減少後性 "��에 對한 高壓靜注療法.

徐大圭 경북대학교 의학연구소 1966 慶北醫大誌 Vol.7 No.1

KT2-962 의 우측신절제와 좌측신혈관 결찰로 유발된 급성 허혈성 신손상 흰쥐에서의 신기능에 미치는 영향

신중식,고현철,강주섭,신인철,서대규 한양대학교 의과대학 1993 한양의대 학술지 Vol.13 No.1

Thromboxane A₂has been known as an important endogenous substance which is related to impairment of renal function. In normal kidney, TXA₂can modulated renal blood flow (RBF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR). However in various pathologic condition, especially in renal ischemia, RBF and GFR are decreased due to increase of TXA₂production by the renal cells and then renal cells are injured subsequently. KT2-962 on acute renal ischemia induced by the right nephrectomy and the ligation of left renal vessele for 40 min in 20 male rats (250-300g). Before induction of ischemia, 40mg/kg of KT2-962 was administered orally three times with interval of 12 hours. Same dose of KT--2-962 was administered at 12hours after reperfusion of renal vessels. Blood samples were taken form femoral vein before operation and two times after operation at the interval of 24 hours. BUN and serum creatinine concentration were measured by automated chemistry analyzer(SBA-300, Gilford co). The results obtained were as following. 1. In control group (n=10), BUN levels (mean±SD) at 24,48 hours after right nephrectomy and ligation of left renal vessels for 40 minutes were 142.3±15.1, 172.6±28.2mg/dl. The BUN levels in the group treated with KT2-962 (N=10) were significantly decreased to 107.0±9.9, 104.9±10.9mg/dl (p<0.05) respectively. These BUN levels were inhibited 24.8% and 39.3% compared with control group. 2. In control group (n=10), serum creatinine levels (mean±SD) at 24,48 hours 0.87, 6.90±1.25mg/dl. The serum creatinine levels in the group treated with KT2-962 were significantly decreased to 4.55±0.55, 4.47±0.64mg/dl(p<0.05) respectively. These serum creatinine levels were inhibited 16.2% and 35.2% compared with control group. In conclusion, KT2-962 inhibited the elevation of BUN and serum creatinine levels in acute renal ischemia and these results suggest that KT2-962 may be used in the prevention and treatment of severe acute renal ischemia.

High Pressure Liquid Chromatography에 依한 血淸 High Density Lipoprotein 分劃中 遊離 Cholesterol 및 各種 Cholestetyl Esters의 定量

李永洙,劉光熙,徐大圭 한양대학교 의과대학 1987 한양의대 학술지 Vol.7 No.1

The significance of the individual cholesteryl ester levels in high density lopoprotein(HDL) fraction, due to their presumed relationship to atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases, leads to development of convenient methods for their quantitative determination. This study developed a convenient method for the direct determination of free cholesterol and individual cholesteryl ester in HDL by reverse- phase high pressure liquid chromatography. HDL fraction was obtained after elimination of low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein by sodium phosphotungstate- ?? precipitation. After extraction of cholesterols, free and esterified, by isopropanol and n-octane, cholesterols were analyzed on a Radial Pak ?? column, eluted isocratically with acetonitrile/isopropanol (45/55 by volume). The absorbance of the elute was monitored at 210 nm. The range of the recovery of the extracted cholesterol was 95-105% and the precision was acceptable.

담배吸煙時의 過酸化水素, Hydroxyl Radical 및 Superoxide Radical의 生成

李在浩,徐大圭 한양대학교 의과대학 1987 한양의대 학술지 Vol.7 No.1

The capacity of cigarette smoke of Korean cigarettes to generate the hydrogen peroxide, superoxide radical and hydroxyl radical was investigated. Hydroxyl radical in cigarette smoke was measured by the formation of hydroxylated derivatives from benzoate. Considerable amount of hydroxyl radical was detected in all Korean cigarettes. In a neutral buffer solution through which cigarette smokes of Korean cigarette A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H and I were bubbled, generated amounts of hydrogen peroxide were 16.98㎍, 23.57㎍, 19.22㎍, 18.59㎍, 17.06㎍, 18.15㎍, 17.61㎍, 16.94㎍, and 17.55㎍ per one cigarette, respectively, after 120 min of incubation. Considerable amount of superoxide radical was also detected, and the amount increased with the incubation time. The highest amount of superoxide radical was generated in cigarette H and the least in cigarette A. Also considerable amount of superoxide radical was generated in saliva which was collected after smoking of one cigarette.