시비관리에 따른 작약 ( Paeonia albiflora . Palls ) 의 생육특성과 유효성분 연구

장기운,김소년,서관석,김필주,이희덕 한국토양비료학회 1989 한국토양비료학회 학술발표회 Vol.1989 No.43

하수슬러지와 Alum 슬러지를 이용한 퇴비화

장기운,임재신,이인복,김영한,Chang, Ki Woon,Lim, Jae Shin,Lee, In Bog,Kim, Young Han 유기성자원학회 1995 유기물자원화 Vol.3 No.1

본 실험은 alum슬러지를 도시하수슬러지나 톱밥과 같은 유기물질들과 혼합하여 퇴비화를 하였을때 그 사용 가능성을 알아보고자 실행되었다. 톱밥과 제지슬러지를 같은 부피의 비율로 혼합한 후 alum슬러지를 이들 원료에 대해서 부피로 0%, 25%, 35%, 45%를 혼합하였다. 퇴비화장치는 aerated static pile을 사용하였으며, 화학분석과 미생물의 변화를 조사하여 부숙정도를 판정하였다. 퇴비화 과정중 0%와 25% alum 처리구는 30일 까지 온도가 $55^{\circ}C{\sim}68^{\circ}C$까지 급격히 상승하였으며 세균 및 방선균의 수가 급격히 증가하였으나, 35%와 45% alum 처리구의 온도는 $50^{\circ}C$ 이상 올라가지 않았다. 퇴비화 기간중 모든 처리구에서 탄소함량과 C/N율은 점차적으로 감소하였다. 양이온 치환용량(CEC) 은 0%, 25% alum 처리구에서 퇴비화 30일 동안 70me/100g까지 증가하였으나 다른 처리구에서는 약간 증가하거나 혹은 증가하지 않았다. This study is concerned with the assessment of the possibility of alum sludge composting, as well as changes of some chemical properties during composting. Alum sludge was mixed in different proportions, which are 0%, 25%, 35% and 45%, respectively, with a sewage sludge and sawdust mixture. The final mixtures to be composted are placed on static piles constructed with a perforated aeration pipe on the ground, and composted for more than 50 days. During the composting of some alum sludge treatments, there was not notable difference in changes of pH, C/N ratio, and content of several minerals among the alum sludge treatments, while changes of pile temperatures and CEC were significant and these remarkable differences in related to the pile temperatures and CEC seem suitable for the evaluation of alum sludge maturity. Also, the results suggested that the proper mixing ratio of alum sludge for composting was 25% level.

모단(牡丹)(Paeonia moutan Sim) 접목(接木)이 작약(芍藥)(Paeonia albiflora Palls) 근(根)의 유효성분(有效成分)에 미치는 영향(影響)

장기운,김필주,정하일,문창식,안병창,Chang, Ki Woon,Kim, Phil Joo,Chung, Ha Il,Moon, Chang Sik,Ahn, Byeong Chang 한국토양비료학회 1991 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.24 No.3

This paper was intented to find out the effect of graft of Paeonia moutan scion into Paeonia albiflora stock on the yield and the pharmaceutical components of the root-Paeoniflorin, Albiflorin, Oxypaeoniflorin and Paeonol. The roots of Paeonia albiflora(PA), Paeonia moutan(PM) and Paeonia albiflora grafted in Paeonia moutan (M/A), were collected after being cultivated for three years in Yoenki, Chungnam, Korea. The following results were obtained ; 1. The growth characteristics of the underground part of M/A were similar to those of PA. 2. The yield of M/A was 3-5 times as that of PA in appearance. 3. The amount of Paeoniflorin in M/A was 0.2-0.5% higher than that in PA. The content of paeonol in M/A was not increased by grafting of paeonia moutan with high concentration of paeonol. 농가에서 3년간 재배중인 작약(芍藥), 목단(牧丹), 모단(牡丹)을 접붙인 작약(芍藥)(목단(牧丹)/작약(芍藥))근(根)을 수집해서 외형적(外形的) 생육특성(生育特性)과 유효성분(有效成分)을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론(結論)을 얻었다. 1. 목단(牧丹)/작약(芍藥)을 접목(接木)한 지하부(地下部)의 외형적 생육상태(生育狀態)는 작약(芍藥)의 특성과 같았으나, 달관(達觀) 조사(調査)에 의하면 목단(牧丹)/작약접목근(芍藥接木根)이 작약(芍藥)에 비해 2~3배의 증수량(增收量)을 나타냈다. 2. 목단속(牧丹屬)(Paeonia linne) 식물의 주요(主要) 유효성분(有效成分)인 Paeoniflorin은 목단(牧丹)/작약근(芍藥根)이 0.98%로 작약(芍藥) 0.78%, 목단(牧丹) 0.46%보다 0.2%에서 0.5%까지 각각 높게 나타났으며, 목단(牧丹)에 다량 함유된 Paeonol은 목단접목(牧丹接木)으로 인해 목단(牧丹)/작약(芍藥) 접목근(接木根)에서 함량(含量)이 증가되지는 않았다. 3. 결과적(結果的)으로 수량(收量)과 유효성분(有效成分) 측면을 종합비교(綜合比較)해 볼 때, 작약(芍藥)의 뿌리를 대목(臺木)으로 하여 모단경(牡丹莖)을 접수(接穗)로 접목(接木)함으로서 근생육(根生育)이 괄목할만하게 증대되었고, 약효성분(藥效成分)은 작약(芍藥) 고유의 함량비(含量比)를 유지하는 것으로 추정되어 향후 체계적인 연구의 필요성을 제시해 주었다.

제지(製紙) 스럿지 퇴비(堆肥)의 농업적(農業的) 이용연구 - II. 당근에 대(對)한 시용효과

장기운,김상덕,최우영,이규승,Chang, Ki-Woon,Kim, Sang-Deog,Choi, Woo-Young,Lee, Kyu-Seung 한국토양비료학회 1992 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.25 No.2

제지(製紙)스럿지 숙성퇴비(熟成堆)의 비료효과를 알아보기 위해, 생중량(生重量) 기준으로 18%의 돈분(豚糞)과 8% 정도의 톱밥을 포함한 숙성퇴비 1(SMC-1)과 톱밥을 넣지 않고 돈분을 총량의 3분의 1 포함한 숙성퇴비 2(SMC-2)를 준비하여, 화학비료만을 시용한 대조구(對照區)(S-0), 화학비료에 숙성퇴비 1을 10,000kg/ha 더해준 처리구 (S-1구) 및 숙성퇴비 2를 10,000kg/ha 더해준 처리구 (S-2구)의 3가지 처리를 하여, 당근을 공시작물로 하여 수행한 실험의 결과는 다음과 같다. 당근의 생육(生育)에 대한 제지스럿지 숙성퇴비의 시용(施用)은 무시용구(無施用區)와 비교해서 당근 1개당 생근중량(生根重量), 단위면적당 수량을 증가시키는 경향이 있었으며, 질소, 인, 칼륨 및 칼슘 함량은 시용구에서 높았다. 제지스럿지 숙성퇴비 사이의 차이는 생엽중(生葉重), 근경(根徑), 생근중량(生根重量) 및 단위면적당 수확량에 있어 S-2구가 S-1구보다 증가하는 경향이 있었다. 당근중의 함량은 칼륨>칼슘, 질소, 인>마그네슘의 순이었고, 알루미늄, 아연 구리 및 크롬 함량은 식물체 생육에 독성(毒性)을 나타내는 수준보다 낮았으며, 납과 카드늄 함량은 미량(微量)이었다. 이상(以上)의 결과(結果)로 부터 당근에는 무시용구(無施用區)보다는 제지(製紙)스럿지 시용(施用)이 생육에 효과가 있었으며 SMC-2 시용이 SMC-1 시용보다 유리(有利)하였다. This study was carried out to know the effects of two kinds of peper mill sludge manure compost(SMC-1 and SMC-2) on the growth and chemical comments of carrot(Daucus carota L.) : SMC-1 contained 18% of swine manure and 8 % of sawdust on a fresh weight basis and SMC-2 contained swine manure without sawdust a third of the total weight of the manure and S-0(control) was treated with chemical fertilizer only, S-1 and S-2 was with SMC-1 and SMC-2 respectively, in addition to the chemical fertilizer. Carrot treated with S-1 and S-2 showed the increasing tendency of fresh weight per root and fresh yield of carrot per unit area than control(S-0), and the contents of nitrogen(N), phosporus(P), potassium(K) and calcium(Ca) in carrot grown on SMC treatments were higher than those on control(S-0), The S-2 treatment tended to increase values of the fresh weight of live leaves, root diameter, fresh weight per root and fresh yield of carrot per unit area than S-1 treatment. The contents in carrot were higher in the order of K>Ca, N. P>Mg, and the contents of aluminium, zinc, copper and chromium were below the level of toxicity for plant growth, and the contents of cadmium and lead were negligible. From the results obtained, it can be said that SMC application showed favorable effects on the growth of carrot when compared to control(S-0), and with the SMC treatments SMC-2 aplication was favorable.

製造담배중 吸濕成分과 平衡水分 硏究

張基運,金炳九 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1989 농업과학연구 Vol.16 No.1

Six cigarette brands produced in Korea and U.S.A. were studied to find the effects of relative humidity, moisture sorption time, temperature, and the amounts of water extracts and total sugar in the brands on the equilibrium moisture contents. The equilibrium contents were higher in the domestic brands than foreign ones and the sorption rates of moisture were faster in the domestic cigarettes. The Korean brands with high contents of water extracts and total sugar had higher equilibrium moisture contents in the range of RH 40-80% at 20℃ for 72hours. These are the reasons that Korean brands contain higher ratio of flue-cured tobacco and American brands are blended with higher ratio of Burley tobacco.

잎담배 成分이 平衡水分에 미치는 影響

張基運,金炳九 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 1989 농업과학연구 Vol.16 No.1

This experiment was conducted to study the relation between the equilibrium moisture contents and the hygroscopic components in the various tobacco matters such as NC-82, Br-21, R.T.S., and puffed stem. The order of the high equilibrium moisture contents was the puffed stem, R.T.S., NC-82, and Br-21. The H-1 grades of NC-82 and Br-21 contained high contents of total sugar had higher equilibrium moisture contents than others. The moisture contents in NC-82 and Br-21 were increased at higher temperature, 30℃ than 20℃. The grades with high amounts of water extracts and total sugar affected to increase the equilibrium moisture contents in NC-82 and Br-21. In conclusion, the equilibrium contents were related to the structure of tobacco matter, the grades, the temperature, and the amount of some chemical components such as water extracts and total sugar of the leaf tobacco.

돈분과 피마자박의 혼합비율에 따른 퇴비화 연구

장기운,이종진,홍주화,김남천,김완주,최우영 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2007 농업과학연구 Vol.34 No.2

This study was conducted to estimate the humificating grade according to experiment of physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity during composting of using with pig manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with pig manure(P), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(PCS-I), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(PCS-II) and 5 : 4 : 1(PCS-III) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting were rapidly increased more than 68℃ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased within 39℃ at 60 days the after treatment. pH was slowly increased from 7.5 to 7.7, and the C/N ratio was 13∼14 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value in this compost was caused by the castor meal contented high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7 %). G.I.(germination index) was showed 73 to 78 range in all treatments at the 60^(th) day. Among all treatments PCS-I was appeared to be the best condition for composting.

Aerated Static Pile 을 이용한 제지 및 하수슬러지의 혼합 퇴비화

장기운,이인복,임현택 한국폐기물자원순환학회 1997 한국폐기물자원순환학회지 Vol.14 No.1

우분과 피마자박을 이용한 퇴비화 과정 중 부숙도 평가

장기운,홍주화,이종진,한기필,김남천 충남대학교 농업과학연구소 2008 농업과학연구 Vol.35 No.1

This study was conducted to find an optimal combination rate of castor meal for the good qualitative compost and to estimate the humification grade by physico-chemical characterization and phyto-toxicity test during composting of the mixture with cow manure and castor meal. The material ratios of the compost which was mixed with cow manure(C), castor meal(C), and saw dust(S) were 5 : 1 : 4(CCS-1), 5 : 2.5 : 2.5(CCS-2) and 5 : 4 : 1(CCS-3) by volume to volume, and they were decomposed for 60 days. In the result, the changes of temperature in all treatments during composting radically increased more than 63.6℃ at the incipient stage, and gradually decreased around 42℃. At the 60 days after the treatment, pH was slowly increased from 7.0 to 8.0, and the C/N ratio was 12.3∼13.8 at the final composting stage. The low C/N ratio value was caused by the castor meal with high nitrogen level(T-N 5.7%). G.I.(germination index) showed in the range of 77.5 to 82.6 in all treatments. Among all treatments CCS-1 was appeared to be the best condition for composting. Therefore, the combination rate of castor meal which was used for compost humification improvement could be recommended 10% to manufacture the good qualitative cow manure compost.

미생물 첨가에 의한 소규모 정체식 퇴비화

장기운,유영석,Chang, Ki-Woon,Yu, Young-Seok 유기성자원학회 2003 유기물자원화 Vol.11 No.1

본 연구는 소규모의 축사에서 발생하는 축분을 합리적으로 처리하기 위해 소규모 정체식 퇴비화의 적용 가능성을 검토하였다. 이 때 미생물을 첨가하여 퇴비화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 처리구는 무처리의 대조구, 일반 Bacteria와 Lactobacillus을 처리한 BL구, BL구에 Photo.를 첨가한 BLP구 등 3개를 두었으며, 별도의 퇴비화 장치 없이 퇴적시킨 후 간헐적인 뒤집기를 실시하였다. 원료의 수분함량은 60% 정도였으며, 우분, 왕겨, 톱밥이 혼합되었다. 퇴비화 과정 중 온도는 3일 이내에 $60^{\circ}C$이상 상승하였으며, BLP와 BL구에서 Control구에 비해 초기 온도상승에 우세하였다. 원료의 초기 pH가 높아 퇴비화 과정중 pH 변화는 모든 처리구에서 크지 않았으며, 약알카리성에 머물렀다. EC는 뇨와 분의 계속적인 배출로 축적되어 초기에 높은 값을 보였으며, 퇴비화 과정중 5~10%의 상승을 보였다. C/N율의 감소는 BLP구에서 가장 높은 22.7%를 보였으며, BL과 Control구에서는 각각 19.2와 17.5%의 감소를 보였다. 식물독성평가에서는 BLP가 가장 짧은 시간에 안정되었으며, BL구와 Control구의 차이는 없었다. 소규모 축사농가에서 발생하는 축분의 처리는 적절한 뒤집기와 수분함량을 갖춘 소규모 정체식 퇴비화에 의해 가능하며, 미생물의 첨가는 초기 온도상승과 식물독성물질의 감소에 긍정적이었으나, 부숙도에 큰 영향은 미치지 못하였다. This study was conducted to survey the utilization possibility of composting system of small scale static pile with animal manure produced from cattle shed and the effect of addition of microorganism on the maturity of compost. Microorganisms added in composting substrate were bacteria+lactobacillus(BL)+photo.(BLP). The composting practiced was a windrow system without aeration equipment and turning was practiced periodically. The water content of substrate mixed with cow manure, rice husk, and sawdust was about 60%. The temperature during the composting process was increased at over $60^{\circ}C$ within 3 days after composting starting. Increase of temperature at the early stage of composting was fasten in BLP and BL than Control. Because the pH of the raw material was high, the changes of pH during composting was little and stabilized in weak alkaline condition. EC value was high for accumulation of manure and urine excreted continuously by animal and the changes of those during composting occurred in 5~10% increase. Reduction rates of C/N ratio were the largest as the 22.7% in BLP and 19.2and 17.5% in BL and Control respectively. In the evaluation of phytotoxicity, there was stabilized within the short time in BLP and not the difference between BL and Control. Treatment of animal manure produced from small scale cattle shed was possible by using the small scale static pile composting system with reasonable water content and turning and the addition of microorganism in composting substrate was effected on the temperature increase at the early stage of composting and reduction of plant toxicity compounds but little on the maturity of compost.