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장선덕,진평 한국수산학회 1978 한국수산과학회지 Vol.11 No.4
Effects of suspended silt and clay on the survival of the rearing bivalves, Meretrix lusoria, Cyckina sinensis and Mactra veneriformis were studied. During sixty-five days of experimental cultures in different concentrations of suspended silt and clay and in different time of immersions, mortalities of the bivalves were checked every day, and the rates of shell movement and oxygen consumption were measured. In general, the higher the concentration of silt and clay and the longer the immersion time, the earlier the occurence, and the higher the rate of the mortalities of the experimental bivalves. M. veneriformis was subjected to earlier mortality than the others, and the period of 50% mortality was the shortest of the three species (37 days in 1,000 ppm), and longer was that of C. sinensis (42 days). Mortality of M. lusoria occured latest and 50% mortality was seen at the immersion time of 50-51 days. Particularly, M. lusoria showed no mortality in the sea water with 100 ppm of suspended silt and clay, and even in the concentrations of 500 or 1,000 ppm they were able to survive without mortality only if the immersion time was short (12-18 hours per day). M. veneriformis and C. sinensis were also able to survive without mortality when the immersion time was short (12 hours per day) in low concentration (100 ppm). Shell movements of experimental bivalves varied depending upon species. In the case of M. veneriformis the shell was opened continuously and C. sinensis opened their shells frequently, while M. lusoria maintained their shells closed in any experimental concentrations of sea water with sus pended silt and clay. Total metabolic activity of M. veneriformis was found to be highest while that of M. lusoria showed the lowest. Little difference of oxygen consumption in excised gill tissue was shown between the control group and the experimental groups. Consequently, it may be stated that the mortality results from a immersion in sea water with high concentration of suspended silt and clay for long-time although the survival rates of the experimental bivalves depend also upon the species, physiological conditions, concentration of suspended silt and clay and immersion time. The survival percentage of bivalve y in relation to the time (day) of immersion × in sea water of suspended silt and clay was found to be: M. lusoria (1,000 ppm): y=7.7×10^9χ^-4.77 (500ppm): y=259χ^-0.26 C. sinensis (1,000 ppm): y=-21χ+936(χ<44), y=-0.65χ+35 (χ>44) (500ppm): y=4.4×10^5χ^-2.27 M. veneriformis (1,000 ppm): y=-18χ+716(χ<39), y=-0.89χ+39 (χ>39)
장선덕,김종규 한국수산학회 1993 한국수산과학회지 Vol.26 No.6
韓國 東海 治岸域 海水循環 및 水溫分布에 대한 바람응력의 效果에 관하여 檢討하였다. 東海上의 바람응력은 國立水産振興院 停船觀測 바람자료 및 日本氣象廳 Buoy No. 6에서의 10년간(1978∼1987)의 약 5,100개의 바람 觀測資料를 사용하여 계산하였다. 여름과 겨울의 季節風의 轉換에 따른 에크만 輸送의 變化가 大韓海峽에서의 대마난류 輸送量에 미치는 影響을 定量的으로 評價하였다. 특히 東海에서의 平均的인 바람응력의 回轉性(wind stress curl) 값이 陰이 되는 사실에서 鬱陵島 近海의 暖水層의 形成에 部分的으로 도움이 됨을 알았다. 한편, 東海 暖水層의 分布를 單純化된 3層 境界面모델을 適用하여 說明하였다. In order to estimate the influence of wind stress in the southwestern coastal waters of the Japan Sea, the wind stress was estimated from the shipboard wind data of the Fisheries Research and Development Agency along the serial observation lines and Buoy No. 6 of the Japan Meteorological Agency. 5,100 wind data are used to construct a data set of monthly mean wind stress during 10 years from 1978 to 1987. The negative values of the mean zonal wind stress curl at Ulleung Basin in the study area seem to be responsible for the formation of the warm core. The volume transport of the East Korea Warm Current are estimated quantitatively by the variations of the Ekman transport associated with the reversing direction of the monsoon. And the distribution of the warm core is explained by the simple three layer model.
측류판 표류실험에 의한 하계 울릉도·독도 근해의 해수류동 특성
장선덕,김종규 한국수산학회 1994 한국수산과학회지 Vol.27 No.5
The East Korean Warm Current is known as an anticyclonic circulation in the Ulreung Basin in the southwestern East Sea of Korea. This circulation was approximately estimated by dynamic methods based on the oceanographic observation and remote sensing data. In this study, the existence of circulation in the anticyclonic region of East Korean Warm Current(Tsushima current) in early summer was directly measured by drogue tracking using a global positioning system. At the same time, the velocity was calculated by dynamic method and compared using data collected by remote sensing. As results, these values are shown to be nearly the same, and an anticyclonic circulation was found around Ulreungdo-Tokto. The maximum northward and southward flow speed was deduced to be around 0.6 and one knot, respectively.