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사회복지를 위한 민권운동 사례: 1963년 워싱턴행진이 미국 사회복지발전에 미친 영향을 중심으로
최원규 전북대학교 사회과학연구소 2020 지역과 세계 Vol.44 No.1
This study examines the impacts of the civil rights movements of the 1950s and 1960s on the developments of social welfare in the United States, focusing on the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in 1963. The civil rights movements were based on the discriminations against black people and had raised the overlapping core issues in the order of civil rights, suffrage, and social rights described by T. H. Marshall. The March on Washington, which was a representative civil rights movement in the 1950s and 1960s, not only directly influenced the birth of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1964, but also influenced the birth of the civil movements to establish social rights. The social welfare demands raised in the March were reflected in the Great Society plan of the Johnson administration, which had a significant impact on US social welfare, social work education and practice. The role and responsibilities of the federal government in social welfare had been greatly expanded. And emphases had been placed on incentives for work and on the advocacy of the rights of social minorities such as blacks and the poor. Their involvement and empowerment in social reform were emphasized. Confidence and solidarity raised through collective actions became the driving forces for the birth of the welfare rights movements from the civil rights movements. From these backgrounds, changes in the social work education and organizational activities of the social workers have emerged. 이 연구는 1963년 ‘일자리와 자유를 위한 워싱턴행진'을 중심으로 1950~60년대의 민권운동이 미국 사회복지발전에 미친 영향을 고찰하고 있다. 민권운동은 흑인에 대한 차별을 배경으로 발생하였으며, 마샬이 설명한 공민권, 참정권 그리고 사회권 순서로 핵심이슈들이 중첩되면서 제기되었다. 1950~60년대에 걸쳐 대표적인 민권운동이었던 워싱턴행진은 1964년의 민권법과 투표권법을 낳는데 직접 영향을 미쳤을 뿐만 아니라 사회권 확립을 위한 시민운동이기도 하였다. 워싱턴행진에서 제기된 사회복지 요구들은 존슨 행정부 시기의 위대한 사회(the Great Society) 계획에 반영되어, 미국 사회복지와 사회사업교육 및 실천에 중요한 영향을 미쳤다. 사회복지에서 연방의 역할과 책임이 대폭 확대되었고, 복지대상자에 대한 교육과 직업훈련이 강화되는 등 노동유인에 대한 강조가 나타났다. 흑인이나 빈민과 같은 사회적 소수자의 권리옹호, 사회개혁에 대한 그들의 참여, 그리고 능력강화(empowerment) 등이 강조되었다. 집합행동을 통해 고양된 자신감과 연대감은 민권운동으로부터 복지권운동을 낳게 한 원동력이 되었다.
韓龍雲詩의 理解 : 「사랑」과 「存在」의 本質을 中心으로 The Essence of 'Love' and 'Being'
崔元圭 충남대학교 대학원 원우회 1969 논문집 Vol.2 No.-
Summing up the critics' pursuit of Han's "nim" (You) from various points of view, we see it is defined as "Buddha," "Fatherland," "woman," and "Mankind". But it is hasty and dangerous to explain Han's poems by emphasizing only these four categories. Yong-Un Han had a great effect upon the history of modern literature in Korea and under his influence Korean modern verse made substantial advances. He attained the summit of Korean traditional poetry, together with Cheung-Joo Seu. And so it seems necessary that we should analyse and explore his works from another significant point of view. "Love" in his works essentially comes from karma the beginning of human suffering and anxiety. To overcome this, the poet struggles continually with "Agony," on a bridge of "Meeting" and "Farewell". Just as Mallarme pursued the "Discovery of Nothing" that is followed "Beauty", Han's pursuit of "Being", that is, the object which he wishes to see, concludes with "Selflessness", a surpassing of the self. Yong-Un Han's "Light of Being" is, we think, the same as the "Licht des Seins," which is expressed in Heidegger's ontology. Here it is magnified to polytheistic Being, in which everything is Buddha, the transcended self.