受動文の動作主体と不特定主体の助詞用法に関する考察

孔美熙(Kong, Mi-Hee) 동북아시아문화학회 2013 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.37

This study is obtained by analyzing types of particles that unspecified agent and agent of passives take, and the characteristics of semantic. After summarizing types of particles that agent takes and their characteristics of sematic, these are followed: First, if 「に」 takes only a case-particle in agent, it means the impact on the Y which is the subject of a passive sentence with an operating entity X, and as the behavior subject and the subject are closely related to each other, it is when the Y in the passive sentence acts as a 「受け手」. And, for verbs of thinking and feelings and emotions, they fulfill their role as the principal action X is realizing the situation still an active sentence, therefore particle 「に」 is used in the operation subject X. This moves from the operation subject X to Y, and then 「から」 particle can be used to reach Y. Second, from the standpoint of being a source of coming from action or operation of the X, characteristic of semantic of particle 「から」 is that it mainly takes behavior particle 「から」 and because it also acts as the operation subject, it is also possible to use particle of 「に」. Third, characteristics of semantic particle of 「によって」 is related to a case of creational consequences where as a result of the intentional behavior subject as a verb of type 「創る」, an incident that has not occurred yet may happen. Rearranging the characteristics semantics and types of particle that unspecified entity take, cases are in the following. I found that when X is used as the unspecified subject in the passive sentence, inanimated noun come to X and Y mainly, there is no action or intention to X in the realization of the situation, and it did not have any effect on the target. Therefore, for the particle that is used to the unspecified subject like this, I could see that there are many variations depending on the characteristics of X and Y and the that of semantic of verbs in the statement, and also the characteristics of semantic has been changed.

海洋文化観光広安里漁坊祭りの文化継承と効率性の向上

孔美熙(KONG Mihee) 동북아시아문화학회 2023 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2023 No.7

일본 근대화의 계기가 된 데지마를 통한 초량왜관 고찰

공미희(Kong, Mi-Hee) 동북아시아문화학회 2018 동북아 문화연구 Vol.1 No.55

As the sole foreign trade port, Dejima played a bridging role in introducing foreign culture to Japan with the development of business. Though Dejima had a limitation of interaction with surrounding area, life-related medical practice, food ingredients, and essential techniques were naturally conveyed into daily life. For a typical example, the Dutch medicine was introduced into Japan by Kaempfer and Siebold, the doctors for a foreign store. And scholars interested in the new culture gathered from all over the country, as advanced technologies spread abroad through a Dutch interpreter. Knowledge, medical practice, food culture, and technology introduced from Dejima where cultural exchange with the outside was forcibly restricted made life rich and convenient. Dejima was the place where scholars eager to learn something new gathered from all over the country and modernization was provided for the north-east asian sea region. It was Dejima that the shogunate ordered an influential person of Nagasaki to form for the purpose of managing the Portuguese for two years from 1634. In the spring of 1638, the shogunate suppressed the Catholic riot which was provoked in Shimabara peninsula and Amakusa islands, and then the shogunate cut off relations with the Catholic nation of Portugal to prohibit the Catholic religion. Later Dejima became an uninhabited place, which resulted in the loss of trade profits and land use fee and on the appeal of the people who invested in the construction of Dejima, the shogunate moved the Dutch east india company of Hirado to Dejima in 1641. For about 200 years afterwards, Dejima had been the place where employees of the Dutch east india company had made their abode, and the dutch like Portuguese had been placed under surveillance of the shogunate. Therefore, on the basis of the formation of Dejima this paper searches the state of trade, the activities of doctors, and the lifestyle and food of the people and then investigates the aspects and characteristics of Dejima.

한국전쟁기 부산의 경제상황과 피란민의 경제활동 연구

공미희(Kong, Mi-Hee) 지역사회학회 2022 지역사회학 Vol.23 No.1

본고는 한국전쟁 발발 후 피란수도 부산의 경제상황에 대해서 고찰했고 또 피란민들이 무엇을 해서 먹고 살면서 정착을 해 나갔는지에 대한 개별적인 경제활동을 당시 사회상황에 비추어서 분석해 사회현상에 대한 특징을 도출했다. 한국전쟁이 발발하자 사람들의 예금인출 격증과 통화 대량방출로 부산의 경제상황은 격심한 인플레이션이 발생했다. 이에 정부는 인플레를 해결하기 위해 ｢금융기관 예금지불에 관한 특별조치령｣ 공포 및 ｢국민저축운동 추진요강｣ 등의 금융정책을 실시했지만 물가는 여전히 급등했고 피란민들은 생계유지를 위해서 생업의 전선에 뛰어들어야만 했었다. 미제 깡통을 펴서 판잣집 지붕을 만드는 깡깡이 업을 하는 사람, 나무를 주워 땔감으로 파는 사람, 부두노무자나 지게꾼 등의 경제활동은 험난한 일임에도 불구하고 열심히 일을 해서 당시 혹은 향후에 긍정적인 영향을 미쳐 경제발전과 노동력을 창출하는 데 기여를 했다. 이처럼 힘겹게 법에 위반되지 않는 범위에서 경제활동을 한 사람이 있었던 반면, 반대로 곡류를 매점매석 혹은 은닉해서 곡가등귀를 꾀하는 사람들, 밀주제조 및 양주장을 비롯한 직물이나 물품에 대한 탈세자들, 마작도박판을 벌였던 고위정부간부들, 마약밀매를 한 사람들 등의 경제활동은 일명 지하경제로서 표면적으로 드러내어서 하고 싶었던 경제활동은 아니었으며 결과적으로 사회의 각계각층에 만연해 부정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 이런 기득권의 부정부패 의식은 전쟁혼란기에 더욱 더 잠재해 있었으며 퇴폐적인 이런 관습은 현재까지 존속해 여전히 사회적 문제를 발생시키고 사회발전을 저해시키는데 큰 요인이 되고 있음을 확인했다. 그리고 한국전쟁기 부산의 경제상황과 피란민의 경제활동 분석을 통해 당시 사회현상에 대한 4가지 특징(전시상황에서도 일반적인 경제체제와 유통구조 지속, 전쟁기 피란민의 삶과 일상, 전쟁시 이중착취상황에 처했던 여성들의 일상, 전쟁시 가혹한 독점경제)을 제시했다. 본 연구는 한국전쟁기 부산에 유입한 피란민들이 부산의 어려운 경제상황에도 불구하고 이들이 부산에서 정착해가는 양상을 경제활동 특히, 당시 사회문제로 대두된 식량, 주택, 식수, 연료 등과 같은 사회현상에 반영되어 직업이 생겨났음을 고찰한 데 의의가 있다고 말할 수 있을 것이다. 물론 사회적으로 부정정인 영향을 준 경제활동도 있었고 그것이 사회에 어떤 영향을 미쳤는가에 대한 특징도 제시했지만, 당시 그 어려웠던 피란시절에서 이들의 숨은 피땀 흘린 노력과 희생 등이 오늘의 부산을 있게 하는데 원동력이 되었다는 사실을 잊어서는 안 된다. This paper examines the economic activities of the refugees during the Korean War in light of the social phenomena of the time and what economic activities they did to make a living. With the outbreak of the Korean War, people’s deposits and withdrawals surged, and there was severe inflation due to the mass release of currency. As a result, prices soared and the refugees had to jump into the front line of livelihood in order to make a living. Positive economic activities such as those who open American cans to make shack roofs, those who pick up wood and sell them as firewood, and pier laborers and bearers, etc. It contributed to economic development and the creation of a workforce. In other words, it can be said that the soldiers were able to fight on the front line because they transported military goods as wharf laborers, and it can be said that these merchants, whether selling gum or cigarettes, were a member of the international market. And it can be said that clothes and cosmetics stores, hawkers, and food sales businesses have laid the foundation for Busan’s commercial facilities. While there were people who laboriously engaged in economic activities within the scope of not violating the law, on the other hand, people who tried to earn money by buying up or hiding grains, tax evaders for fabrics and goods including moonshine and liquor, and gambling in mahjong. Negative economic activities such as high-ranking government officials and drug traffickers were not the economic activities that they wanted to show on the surface as the so-called underground economy. This sense of corruption of the vested interests was more latent during the turbulent times of war, and this decadent custom continues to this day, still causing social problems and becoming a major factor in hindering social development. This study reflects the pattern of refugees who migrated to Busan during the Korean War and settling in Busan despite the difficult economic situation of Busan in economic activities, especially social phenomena such as food, housing, drinking water, and fuel, which emerged as social problems at the time. It can be said that there is significance in considering the existence of a profession. Of course, there were economic activities that had negative social impacts, but we must not forget that their hard work and sacrifice during the difficult evacuation period became the driving force that made Busan what it is today.

사역문에 있어서 한 · 일 대조를 통한 고찰

공미희(Kong Mi Hee),손동주(Son Dong Ju) 일본어문학회 2016 일본어문학 Vol.72 No.-

本稿は、韓 · 日使役文の特徴を、形態的、構文的、意味的に分類して考察し、これに基づいて韓国語の使役文「이形」が日本語の使役文と対応する場合と対応しない場合に分けて分析した。 形態的な面では、日本語の使役形は「動詞の語幹+(s)aseru」 であるのに比べて韓国語の使役形は「이形」「시키다形」「하다形」で多様で複雑な面がある。構文的な面でも韓 · 日使役文は、大きく自動詞使役文と他動詞使役文に分類され、両方とも自動詞使役文が他動詞使役文よりは多少複雑な様相を見せて、被使役者が有情物か無情物かによってその用法が異なる。意味的な面では、使役主体の意図と被使役主体の意志的な動作によって事態が実現される典型的な使役から、使役主体の意図と動作によって事態が実現される他動まで様々であるのと同様に、韓国語の使役形式「이形」も主語の意図と動作の有無によって、典型的な使役から他動まで様々な意味がある。このような面で両言語は類似点もあるが、「이形」は、すべての動詞から派生するものではなく語幹の形態と音韻的条件に応じて、その形態が異なるので、日本語の動詞の(s)aseru形に比べて、その分布が極めて限定的だと言える。 In this paper, the features of the Korea-Japanese causative statement is described morphological, syntactic, and with semantically classification. In morphological aspect, Japanese causative form is compared to the monotonous to put the “stem + (s) aseru of the verb”, Korean causative form “이형” “시키다형” “하다형” are diverse and complex as compared to the Japanese In syntactic aspect, intransitive causative statement is somewhat complicated than transitive causative statement. we see that cause is used differently its usage depending on the animateness and inanimateness, in these aspects, both of language are similar, too. In semantic aspect, Korean causative “이형” is many ways from the typical causative to transitivity. Such although both languages in terms there are similarities, “이형” it compared to (s) aseru form the verb of Japanese and its distribution was limited to the fact that is extremely limited.

일본어 배려표현에 관한 고찰

공미희(Kong Mi Hee),손동주(Son Dong Ju) 일본어문학회 2017 일본어문학 Vol.76 No.-

本研究は、主語の意志によって日本語配慮表現の類型と意味的な特徴を分析して話し手と聞き手との関係について分析した。 まず、主語の意志がある場合は、直示型、敬意型、依頼型、終助詞型、推測·様態型、副助詞型であり、主語の意志がない場合は、被害受身型、動詞の自·他対応型、否定可能型、主題優先型に分類することができた。 配慮表現の類型による意味的な特徴や話し手と聞き手との関係を見ると、話し手の意志が強ければ強いほど、聞き手が受け入れる負担が高く、話し手の断定的な表現によって聞き手に対する配慮が低くなって、結局は事態に対する聞き手の意思決定権及び利益が弱くなると見られる。反面、話し手の意志が弱ければ弱いほど聞き手が受け入れる負担が小さくなって、話し手の発言が減り、聞き手に対する話し手の配慮が高まって、結局は事態に対する聞き手の意思決定権及び利益が強くなると見られる。 In this paper, we investigated the relationship between the speakers and the listeners by analyzing types and semantic characteristics of consideration expressions in Japanese in terms ofthe intention of the speakers. We classified their relationships as follows. First, in cases where the speakers’ intentions are present, they are divided into the direct viewing type, respect type, request type, final particle type, guess mode type, and adverbial particle type. Second, in cases where the speakers’ intentions are absent, they are divided into adversative passive type, corresponding type of intransitive and transitive verbs, possible negative type, and subject priority type. We found that the speakers’ consideration extent for the listeners is the weakest in the direct viewing type with the speakers’ intention from the point of view of the listeners without having privilege to make a decision because a chance to speak their opinion is not given. On the other hand, in the subject priority type, the speakers’ consideration extent for the listeners is the strongest without expressing the speakers’ intentions in the situation because of the privilege to make a decision as well as lessening pressures to the listeners.

ドラマを活用したリスニングとスピーキングの向上の為の授業活動研究

孔美熙(Kong, Mi-Hee),孫東周(Son, Dong-Ju) 대한일어일문학회 2016 일어일문학 Vol.69 No.-

This paper considered the activities of the class for the purpose improvement of listening and speaking ability of the learner utilizing TV drama “housekeeper Mita” First, as the listening guidance scheme, presenter organized the representationcomes out in drama, it was to be announced as students understand.And while re-watching the drama grasp of content, Try teaching activities that change the contraction expressed in complete form, was carried out class activities such as Partial dictation written to the blank and class to find the wrong sentence. Next, as the speaking guidance scheme, To describe character or behavior of a characterizationin the drama, and presents such as diagrams and photos, allowing told about the situation to students, to content description to see the stop screen, the drama It was carried out such activities to write their thoughts. As a result, we can say that there is significance to the fact that there was a educational effect, such as the following. 1) Learners can be motivated to participate with interest. 2) The speed of the word takes place in actual life, stress, rhythm, intonation, that is played in the pitch while the workings of a native speaker and it became familiar to talk. 3) Students can get information about social and cultural, and can indirectly experience the culture. 4) It was possible to enhance the confidence and creativity for active learning activities. 5) Listening and speaking ability has been improved.

울산의 일본인 이주어촌의 실태와 특징 분석

공미희(Kong, Mihee) 동북아시아문화학회 2020 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.2020 No.10

This study aims to analyze the actual conditions and characteristics of the fishing village in Ulsan, and examine how the exchanges between Japanese and Koreans were being formed even in colonies. The fishing villages in Sinam, Sejukpo, Ilsanjin, Jeonhari, and Jeongja were formed as Japanese fishermen voluntarily did migratory fishing for profit. By contrast, The fishing villages in Bangeojin and Jeonhari were built with aid grants offered to Japanese fishery businessmen from the Japanese government or prefectural (県) governments. Such villages were built as the Japanese government and prefectural governments intended to colonize Joseon by expanding their fishery bases in the land and ruling the coastal and offshore areas and its fishery industry. The early process of the colonization of Joseon was confirmed through migrant fishing villages as organizations such as the Association of Japanese People formed in Bangeojin gave the Japanese the privilege to be engaged in commerce in Joseon and supported Japanese settlers, groups, and organizations that aided in the colonization.

해방직후 남한 거주 일본인의 귀환양상과 재산처리 과정 고찰

공미희(Kong Mihee) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2021 인문사회과학연구 Vol.22 No.1

본고는 해방직후인 1945~1946년 남한 거주 일본인의 귀환양상과 재산처리과정에 대해서 고찰했다. 먼저, 부산항도착까지의 귀환절차 및 특징과 부산항에서의 귀환절차 및 특징에 대해서 살펴보았다. 부산항도착까지 일반일본인의 경우, 1945년 9월 25일까지 귀환자의 수송은 외사과의 관리하에 안내소가 실시했고 1945년 10월 16일 일본인들의 숙박시설과 구제에 관한 업무를 안내소에서 세화회로 옮겼다. 귀환할 모든 대상자는 의무적으로 장티푸스와 천연두 예방접종을 해야 했고, 일본인 세화회 대표가 귀환자들의 철도운임에 대한 금액을 안내소에 대행했다. 안내소에서는 은행어음과 여행증명서를 발행해 다시 일본인세화회에 교부하면 세화인 대표가 개인에게 배부했다. 외사과는 귀환자에게 수송일시를 알리기 위해 적어도 수송예정일 전날에 일･영문의 라디오방송문을 준비해 안내소에 통지했다. 특별집단인 일본군인과 그 가족의 경우는 일본군연락부가 경성지역 외에 있는 제대군인에게 출발시간을 알렸다. 수송열차는 통상 귀환자의 수송방법과 같이 외사과가 준비했고 일본군연락부는 일본인세화회에 협력해서 장티푸스와 천연두의 예방접종을 위해 일본육군의 왁친을 사용해 귀환자의 처리를 맡았다. 귀환 작업에 있어서 기타 순서는 앞에 기술한 일반인 귀환의 경우와 같다. 다음으로 부산항에서의 귀환절차를 살펴보면, 일본군인과 그 가족인 경우는 금지제품 검사반, 안내반, 수입반, 운송반, 정리반으로 구성이 돼서 귀환절차를 진행했다. 또한 일반일본인은 부산일본인 세화회와 안내반이 주축이 되어 승선절차를 실시했다. 부산항에서 선박수송은 계획적으로 이행되었으나 계획수송에 따르지 않고 개개 혹은 단편적으로 부산으로 오는 경우에 대해서는 일정 숙사(宿舍)에 수용해 단체를 결성시킨 뒤 승선시켰다. 특히 부산거주자인 경우는 단독승선을 금지했고 일정한 정원(250명)이 되도록 지은사(智恩寺) 수용소에 수용한 후 단체를 결성시켜 승선시켰다. 마지막으로 미군정의 귀속재산 처리과정에 대해서는, 일본인 사유재산에 대한 소유권을 인정하여 매매를 허용한 법령 제2호가 한국 내부에 강한 반발을 초래했으므로 1945년 12월 6일 일본인 사유재산에 대한 소유권을 불인정한다는 법령 제33호를 공포하였다. 그리고 이 법령 제2호와 법령 제33호의 내용을 바탕으로 부산지역에서의 귀속재산 양상에 대해서도 살펴보았다. In this paper, we considered the repatriation patterns of Japanese residents in South Korea from 1945 to 1946 right after liberation and the process of property disposal. First, the procedures and characteristics of the repatriation at Busan port and the characteristics and procedures of repatriation up to the arrival Busan port were examined. In the case of general Japanese until their arrival at Busan Port, transportation of returnee until September 25, 1945 was carried out by the information center under the management of the Foreign Affairs Division, and on October 16, 1945, the Japanese people s lodging facilities and relief work were transferred from the information office to Sehwa Association. All repatriation were obligated to get typhoid and smallpox vaccinations, and the representative of the Japanese Sehwa Association paid the information for the repatriation rail fares. The information desk issued bank drafts and travel certificates and handed them back to the Japanese Sehwa Association, which was distributed to individuals. The Department of Foreign Affairs prepared a radio broadcast in Japanese and English at least the day before the scheduled transport date and notified the information to the information center to inform the repatriation of the transport date. In the case of a special group of Japanese soldiers and their families, the Japanese Military Liaison Office informed the departure time to veterans outside the Gyeongseong area. The transport train was prepared by the Foreign Affairs Division in the same manner as the repatriation transport method, and the Japanese military liaison department cooperated with the Japanese Sehwa Association to handle the repatriation using Japanese army wax for vaccination against typhoid and smallpox. Other procedures in the repatriation operation are the same as for the repatriation of the general public described above. And looking at the repatriation procedure at Busan Port, Japanese soldiers and their families consisted of an inspection group for prohibited products, an information group, an import group, a transportation group, and a rearranging group, and proceeded with the repatriation procedure. In addition, for general Japanese, the boarding procedure was carried out by the Busan Japanese Sehwa Association and the information team. Regarding the process of property disposal by the U.S. Military Government, Decree No.2, which allowed the sale of Japanese private property by recognizing the ownership of private property, caused a strong opposition within Korea, so Decree No.33 was promulgated to disallow ownership of Japanese private property. In addition, based on the contents of this Decree No.2 and Decree No.33, the pattern of vested property in Busan was also examined.

해양관광축제의 특성과 글로벌 연계 발전방안

공미희(Mihee Kong) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2023 인문사회과학연구 Vol.24 No.2

본고는 기장멸치축제를 중심으로 해양관광축제의 특성에 대해서 알아보았다. 그리고 축제와 지역사회의 실태 및 지방공동체 축제 특성에서 드러난 현상을 바탕으로 기장멸치축제의 활성화방안 및 세계화로의 연계발전에 대해서 모색했다. 일제강점기 기장 어민들이 주로 잡은 해산물은 멸치, 갈치, 붕장어, 고등어, 광어, 상어, 조기, 미역, 우뭇가사리 등이었다. 멸치는 일본인이 어업의 대상으로 삼은 ‘중요 수산물’ 중의 하나였다. 대변은 일본인 어부들에 의해 동력선이 유입되고 기선유자망방식이 도입되어 기장 대멸치의 산지가 되었다. 현재 대변마을 유자망어선은 12척이 운용되며 1척당 1선주로서 12명의 선주가 있다. 대변항에서의 멸치잡이는 전국 멸치유자망 어업 어획고의 60% 정도를 차지하고 있으며 이 멸치를 소재로 개최하는 기장멸치축제는 1997년 제1회 대변멸치축제로 시작되었다. 기장멸치축제는 축제기간 동안 외래 방문객에게 볼거리, 먹거리 등을 제공하여 지역 이미지를 제고시키고, 지역민의 화합축제를 통한 대외 경쟁력 확보와 대내적인 홍보를 통한 지역경제 활성화에 기여해 왔다. 또 기장멸치축제를 통한 다양한 해양・어촌관광 프로그램을 구성하여 지역민의 문화관광적 자긍심을 고조시켰다. 이와 같은 특성을 지니지만, 반면 기장멸치축제와 지역사회의 실태에 대해서는 제각기 입장이 달랐다. 주민들의 인터뷰에 의하면, 기존 보고서와는 다른 실태도 볼 수 있었다. 축제기간동안 멸치 까기를 비롯한 주민들의 행사협조 자발성, 기장군청 직원들의 축제주변의 청소협조, 결산보고서 공개 및 배당, 바닷속 쓰레기 처리에 대한 현실 등이었다. 마지막으로 지역사회의 실태에서 드러난 현황을 바탕으로 기장멸치축제의 활성화를 위한 10가지 방법제시와 글로벌 연계 발전방안 10가지를 제시했다. This study investigated the characteristics of the Gijang Marine Tourism Festival, focusing on the Gijang Anchovy Festival among local festivals. And based on the actual conditions of festivals and local communities and the phenomena revealed in the characteristics of local community festivals, we sought ways to revitalize the Gijang Anchovy Festival and its development in connection with globalization. During the Japanese colonial era, the main seafood caught by Gijang fishermen was anchovy, hairtail, conger eel, mackerel, flounder, shark, croaker, seaweed, and agar-agar. Anchovies were one of the ‘important marine products’ that the Japanese fished for. Daejeon became a production area for large anchovies in Busan due to the introduction of motorized boats and the introduction of the steamer drift net method by Japanese fishermen. Currently, 12 drift net fishing boats are operated in Daebyeon Village, and there are 12 owners, one owner per boat. Anchovy fishing in Daebyeon Port accounts for about 60% of the total catch of the anchovy caster nets nationwide, and the Gijang Anchovy Festival, held using this anchovy, started in 1997 as the first Daebyeon Anchovy Festival. The Gijang Anchovy Festival has contributed to enhancing the local image by providing sights and food to foreign visitors during the festival, securing external competitiveness through a harmony festival for local residents, and revitalizing the local economy through internal publicity. In addition, various marine and fishing village tourism programs were organized through the Gijang Anchovy Festival to enhance the cultural tourism pride of local residents. On the other hand, although they have these characteristics, each had a different position on the Gijang Anchovy Festival and the actual situation of the local community. According to the residents' interviews, it was also possible to see the reality different from the report. During the festival, residents' willingness to cooperate with events such as peeling anchovies, Gijang-gun office staff's cooperation in cleaning around the festival, disclosure of settlement reports and dividends, and the reality of garbage disposal in the sea. Finally, based on the current situation revealed in the actual situation of the local community, 10 ways to revitalize the Gijang Anchovy Festival and 10 ways to develop global connection were presented.