당근 Pelleting 종자의 발아력 증진을 위한 적정 피복물질 탐색

강점순,김태구,최영환,손병구,안종길 밀양대학교 농업기술개발연구소 2001 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.5 No.1

A series of studies were conducted to develop a labor-saving production system for carrot by developing seed coating techniques. Among the coaling materials tested in this study, diatomaceous earth #300 alone, or in combination with kaolin or with talc, was the suitable coating materials for carrot seeds. On the other hand, limestone alone, or in combination with other materials, greatly reduced germinability, using limestone as a coating resulted in as low as a low a 4% germination. Diatomaceous earth #300 was composed of Al, Si, K, Fe, and O. Oxidation products of diatomaceous earth were more 90% SiO2, 7% Al2O3, 6% Fe2O3, and about 1% K2O, and those of kaolin included 71% SiO2 and 21% Al2O3.

고추와 토마토 종자의 발아력 증진과 초기생육에 미치는 Osmotic Priming 및 Solid Matrix Priming 처리 효과

강점순,최영환,손병구,이용재,안종길,최인수,박현철 한국생명과학회 2003 생명과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Osmotic priming과 SMP 처리과정 중 작물별 수분흡수율은 처리 후 3시간 이내에 대부분의 수분을 흡수하였다. 최종처리일의 두 처리간 종자함수율은 고추종자에서는 큰차이는 없었으나, 토마토에서는 osmotic priming이 SM보다 2.4% 높았다. Osmotic priming과 SMP 처리가 고추와 토마토에서 발아율을 향상시키지는 못했다. 그러나 osmotic priming과 SMP 처리 는 평균발아소요일수(MDG) 및 50% 발아에 소요되는 일수($T_{50}$)는 단축되어 조기발아를 유도하였다. 고추종자에서는 osmotic priming과 SMP 처리는 무처리 종자에 이하여 $T_{50}$이 $15^{\circ}C$에서 약 6일, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 약 5일, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 약 4.6일, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 약 4일 정도 단축되었고, 토마토 종자에서는 $15^{\circ}C$에서 3.3일, $20^{\circ}C$에서는 1.7일, $25^{\circ}C$에서는 1일,$30^{\circ}C$에서는 0.5일 정도 단축되었다. 이러한 발아촉진 효과는 불량발아 조건인 저온에서 뚜렷하였으나, 발아적온에 근접할수록 미약해지는 경향이었다. Osmotic priming과 SMP상호처리간 발아촉진 효과는 고추에서는 SMP 처리가 좋았고, 토마토에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 종자처리 후 건조방법은 고추는 완전건조가 토마토에서는 표면건조가 조기발아 하는 경향이었다. Osmotic priming과 SMP 처리된 고추와 토마토 종자는 포장조건에서 묘출현을 향상시키지는 못했지만 출현속도를 단축시켜 신속한 묘출현을 유도하였다. 그러나 파종 후 35일 생육시킨 유묘의 초기생육은 osmotic priming과 SMP 처리에 의해 향상되는 경향이었으나 그 효과는 미약하였다. Osmotic and solid matrix priming treatments enhanced germination performance. We compared osmotic with solid matrix priming to determine the more effective treatment for improving seed germination in pepper and tomato. Seed hydration was immediately observed after osmotic priming and solid matrix priming treatment. The moisture content of solid matrix primed seeds was lower than that of osmotic primed seeds in the two vegetable crops. Osmotic priming and solid matrix priming did not increased percent germination, but showed shorter number of days to 50% of the final germination percentage ($T_{50}$) compared with untreated seeds, regardless of germination temperature. $T_{50}$ value was reduced in osmotic or solid matrix primed pepper seeds about 6.0, 5.0, 4.6 and 4.0 days compared with untreated seeds at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. While, that in tomato seeds was reduced about 3.3, 5.0, 4.6 and 4.0 days compared with untreated seeds at 15, 20, 25, and $30^{\circ}C$, respectively. The effectiveness of osmotic priming or solid matrix priming in reducing the $T_{50}$ was greater when the seeds were germinated at $15^{\circ}C$ than at temperature of higher than $20^{\circ}C$. Solid matrix primed seeds germinated faster than osmotic primed seeds at all temperature in pepper. However, there was no significant difference on the percentage germination between solid matrix and osmotic primed seeds in tomato. After priming, dried-bark seeds showed faster germination than surface-dried seeds in pepper. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in tomato. Emergence of pepper and tomato seeds was markedly enhanced by osmotic priming or SMP treatment although the final emergence percentage was not significantly influenced. On the other hand, early growth was not significantly influenced by osmotic priming or SMP treatment of pepper and tomato seeds.

필름코팅 소재들이 배추 종자의 발아 및 활력에 미치는 영향

강점순,김현도,이정은,제병일,이용재,박영훈,최영환 한국환경과학회 2021 한국환경과학회지 Vol.30 No.12

The purpose of this study was to identify for extenders, adhesives, colorants, and fungicides suitable for the production of high-quality film-coated seeds of Chinese cabbage. In addition, the effect of various additives used for film coating on the germination of coated seeds and seedling vigor was investigated to establish appropriate treatment conditions for film coating efficiency. The germination rate and germination speed in Chinese cabbage film-coated seeds did not differ significantly depending on the type and concentration of the extender, while the use of Talc resulted in superior granulation capacity and adhesion of the seed coat in comparison to Zeolite. There was no significant difference in the germination rate depending on the type of adhesive used for film coating of Chinese cabbage seeds, but the germination rate was slightly slower in the film-coated seeds using carboxymethyl cellulose as an adhesive. On the other hand, the seeds coated with a film using 1% PVA as an adhesive not only maintained hardness enough to withstand external pressure, but also showed a high germination rate. In addition, the suitable disinfectant for film coating was venoram, and the treatment concentration was good at 250 mg·L-1. The type of colorant used in the film-coated seeds of Chinese cabbage did not significantly affect the germination rate, germination speed, and seedling vigor. The seeds film-coated using the liquid colorant were superior in appearance to the seeds film-coated with the solid colorant, which implies the possibility of reduction in the manufacturing costs by using the water-soluble paints as colorants for film-coated seeds.

종자 coating과 입묘 증진을 위한 종자처리

강점순,정연옥,강남준,강성모,조정래 慶尙大學校 農科大學 附屬 遺傳資源 및 種子技術硏究所 1996 遺傳資源 및 種子技術硏究所 자료집 Vol.- No.4

종자코팅의 고형물질 및 수용성 폴리머가 무 종자의 발아력에 미치는 영향

안종길,최영환,조동,손병구,강점순 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.2

코팅종자는 채소, 관상식물을 비롯하여 많은 작물에서 기계화 정밀파종을 위해 사용되고 있다. 코팅의 목적은 종자크기를 증가시켜 기계화 파종을 가능케 하여 파종과 솎음 노력을 절감하고 종자를 절약하는데 있다. 코팅물질의 종류에 따라 발아율이 달랐는데 전반적으로 diatomaceous earth 및 talc +calcium carbonate가 다른 코팅물질에 비해 발아율도 높고 발아속도도 단축되어 무 종자의 종자코팅에 적합한 고형물질이였다. 반면 Limestone, calcium oxide, bentonite 등은 발아율이 저조하였다. 코팅물질로 코팅된 종자는 무처리 종자에 코팅물질을 첨가한 처리에 비해 발아율이 감소하는 경향이었다. 접착제 종류 및 농도에 따라 발아율과 발아속도에는 큰 차이가 있었다. 접착제중 polyvinyl alcohol(PVA) 에서 전반적으로 발아가 원활하였고 다음이 polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose(HEC), methy cellulose(MC), tween 80 순으로 나타났다. 이러한 무처리 종자에 접착제를 공급한 처리보다는 접착제로서 코팅한 종자에서 현저하였다. 코팅배율에 따라 발아율과 발아속도에는 차이가 있었는데, 코팅배율이 낮을수록 신속하게 발아하였다. 무종자에서 적정 코팅배율은 6.0이 좋았다. The use of coated seeds in the production of various field, vegetable, and ornamental crops is a common practice to facilitate precision planting. The purpose of seed coating is to make seeding mechanization possible by enlarging the seed size. After that, it can reduce seeding and thinning labours and can also save seeds. The germination rate was also different according to the coating particulate matters. Generally, percent germination and germination speed of seeds using the mixture of diatomaceous earth, talc and calcium carbonate were higher and faster than using other coating materials, respectively. Otherwise, percent germination using limestone, calcium oxide and bentonite were low, and percent germination of coated seeds with coating material showed the tendency of decreasing more than that of the seeds just added with coating particulate matters. There were significant differences of percent germination and germination speed in accordance with the coating polymer and the concentration. Among the coating polymer, germination of seeds using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was generally smooth, and followed by polyvinyl (PVP), hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl cellulose (MC), and tween 80. This phenomenon was remarkable in the seeds coated with the polymer than the seeds just added with coating polymer. Also, there were significant differences of the coating size in percent germination and germination speed. Seeds were rapidly germinated as low weight increase of coating seed. The optimal weight increase of coating seed for radish seeds was 6.0 in this study.

인위적 노화에 의한 고추종자의 단백질, 아미노산, 당 및 무기성분의 유출과 종자활력 회복을 위한 priming 효과

안종길,손병구,조동,최영환,강점순 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.1

노화처리 일수가 경과하여 활력이 저하된 종자일수록 종자에서 유출되는 단백질, 아미노산, 당의 유출량이 많았다. 20일간 노화처리된 종자는 침지 4일째 종자당 35.8 mg의 단백질이 유출되어 건전종자에 비해 6.9배 많았다. 아미노산 유출량도 노화처리된 저활력 종자에서 증가하였다. 당의 유출량도 20일 노화처리된 저활력 종자에서 침지 4일째 종자당 36.5g의 당이 유출되어 건전종자보다 2.8배 높았다. 무기성분의 유출량은 저활력 종자에서 많았고 전체적인 무기성분의 유출량은 단백질, 아미노산, 및 당보다 상대적으로 낮았다. 유출량에 근거하여 비파괴적으로 종자활력을 추정할수 있는 가용성 물질은 단백질과 K였다. 노화처리된 종자는 발아율과 발아세가 저하되었으며, 종자활력이 저하된 노화종자를 priming 처리함으로써 종자활력을 복원시킬 수 있었다. 이러한 현상은 저활력 종자를 저온에서 발아시킨 경우에 더욱 뚜렷하였다. Quantity of protein, amino acid and sugar leaked from seeds was greater as the viability of seeds was dropped by the time elapsed of aging seed treatment. In the seeds with the artificial aging treatment for 20 days, 35.8mg of protein was leaked on the 4th day after soaking and was 6.9 tinges higher than that of the control. Leakage of amino acid was also higher from the low viable seed treated with the aging treatment. For the leakage of sugar from the seeds with the aging treatment for 20 days, 36,5g was leaked on the 4th day after soaking, and was 2.8 times higher than that of the control. For the leakage of inorganic compound, it was higher from the low viable seeds, and leakage of total inorganic compound was relatively lower than protein, amino acid and sugar. According to the quantity of leakage, water soluble compound, which can be used for the assessment of seed viability without any destruction, were protein and potassium. Germination rate and percentage of seeds were respectively dropped with the aging seed treatment, and the seed viability could recovered by priming treatment. This phenomenon was certainly clear when the low viable seeds were genminated at law temperature.

당근 펠렛종자의 파종효율과 유묘출현에 미치는 영향

강점순,조정래,임종민 한국생명과학회 2003 생명과학회지 Vol.13 No.4

This study was carried out to develop and investigate integrated mechanization system for culture of carrot. Compared with the conventional hand planting, use of a mechanical planter for pelleted seeds resulted in a saving of planting time by 225 hours. An additional saving of 460 hours was obtained for thinning the seedlings. Besides seeds could be saved by 72%, planting and thinning be done only in 35 hours per ha field when the pelleted seeds were planted with a planter. Work hour reduced by adopting the mechanical planting of pelleted seeds sharply contrasted to that of 720 hours required for hand-planting the thinning hours, resulting in a reduction of labor by more than 95%. SMP followed pelleting tended not only to increase the percentage of seedling emergence in the field but to induce an a day earlier germination. 펠렛종자를 점파용 파종기로 이용하여 기계화 정밀파종 함으로써 나종자를 손 작업에 의존하여 파종하는 것보다 파종시간과 솎음시간을 각각 225시간 및 460시간 절감할 수 있었고, 종자량도 72% 절감 할 수 있었다. 인력에 의한 손 파종은 파종과 솎음작업에 1 ha당 720시간이 소요되었으나, 펠렛종자를 이용한 기계화 파종은 35시간에 불과하였다. 따라서 펠렛종자를 기계화 파종함으로써 나종자를 인력에 의존하여 파종하는 관행방법에 비해 파종과 솎음작업의 생력효과를 95% 이상 높일 수 있었다. 펠렛종자의 묘출현율은 무처리 종자보다 출현율이 8% 정도 낮았고 출현속도도 약 1.9일 정도 지연되었으나 35일 경과된 유묘의 초기생육에는 큰 차이가 없었다. 유묘출현 반응은 품종에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나, 펠렛종자는 나종자나 SMP 처리종자에 비해 출현율이 저하되었고 출현속도도 늦었다. 그러나 SMP 처리하여 종자활력을 증진시킨 후 펠렛하면 출현율도 향상되었고, 묘출현속도도 1일 정도 빨랐다.

우리나라 환경산업의 현황

姜点順 慶北大學校 經營大學院 1997 最高經營者課程 論文集 Vol.- No.26

파 펠렛종자 생산을 위한 접착제 및 피복재료 선발

강점순 한국생명과학회 2002 생명과학회지 Vol.12 No.6

본 연구는 파 종자의 발아력을 증진시킬 수 있는 생장조절제 최적 처리조건을 구명하며, 파 종자 펠렛용으로 적합한 접착제 및 피복재료를 선발하기 위해 수행되었다. 식물생장조절제 종자처리는 발아율을 증진시키지는 못했다. 그러나 50% 발아에 소요되는 일수($T_{50}$)와 MDG는 단축되어 조기발아 하였다. 생장조절제 최적 처리조건은 500$\mu$M의 $GA_3$로 1일간 처리였다. 생장조절제 처리에 의한 발아촉진 효과는 발아적온보다는 저온인 $15^{\circ}C$에서 뚜렷하였다. 종자 펠렛의 접착제 종류 및 농도에 따라 발아율에는 큰 차이가 없었으나 발아속도는 대조구 종자에 비해 약 0.3~0.5일 지연 되었다. 종자 펠렛용 접착제의 농도가 증가하면 발아율이 약간 감소하였는데, 이러한 경향은 Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 및 Methyl cellulose(MC)에서 뚜렷하였다. 종자 펠렛 접착제 가운데 Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)와 Polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP)에서는 처리농도가 증가하더라도 발아를 크게 억제하지 않아, 파 펠렛종자 제조에 적용될 수 있는 최적 접착제였다. 펠렛 피복재료 중 kaoline, bentonite + kaoline 혼합물질 및 bentonite + CC + DME #300 혼합물질로 펠렛된 종자에서 높은 발아율과 발아세를 보여 파종자의 펠렛에 적합한 피복재료였다. This study was carried out to select new pelleting binder and material for Welsh onion seeds. The optimum treatments of the various plant growth regulators to improve seed germination of the Welsh onion was also estimated. There were no significant effects of growth regulators on the germination percentage, but germination was faster according to the number of days to 50% of the final germination ($T_{50}$) and the mean number of days to germination (MDG) than those of the control. Germinability was increased when the seeds were soaked in gibberellic acid ($GA_3$) solution for 24hrs, even though there was no synergy effect on the germinability when $GA_3$ was mixed with 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). The optimum treatment for improving germination of Welsh onion was observed when the tested seeds was soaked in 500 $\mu$M of $GA_3$ at $20^{\circ}C$ for 24hrs. Also, when the seeds soaked in the aforementioned treatment, the rate of germination was increased at lower temperature than at $20^{\circ}C$, the optimal temperature. The percentage and the speed of seed germination depended on the kinds of pelleting binder and their concentration. It showed that the higher the concentration of the binder for seeds pelleting, the lower the percentage of seed germination. Among the pelleting binder, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were the best binders for seed pelleting, because seed germination using those binder did not affect on the concentration of binder. On the other hand, Carboxymethy cellulose (CMC) and methyl cellulose (MC) severely inhibited the seed germination The germinability was also different arcording to the pelleting materials. Among the different 58 pelleting materials, kaoline alone, the mixture of bentonite and kaoline, the mixture of bentonite, calcium carbonate and diatomaceous earth #300 were found as the best pelleting materials for welsh onion seeds.

우리 나라 자생화훼의 종류와 연구개발방향

최영환,조동,손병구,안종길,강점순 密陽産業大學校 農業技術開發硏究所 1999 農業技術開發硏究所報 Vol.3 No.3

Selection of germplasms with useful traits and mass propagation technique for the security of seedling might be the most important things for research and industralization of native wild flowers. Based on these affairs, selection for new variety, cross with plant introduction from other countries, and research for breeding might be feasible. High quality and secure production of synchronized seedling around the year are required for the industralization of native wild flowers. Protection of the plants with crisis for extermination due to the destruction of environment and inappropriate picking and reconstruction of the habitat are things we must be solve.