인구 고령화가 실질금리에 미치는 영향: 가계의 금융행태를 감안한 실증분석

강종구 한국금융학회 2024 금융연구 Vol.38 No.1

Real interest rates are determined by the demand for and supply of funds in the financial market. Individuals influence the demand for and supply of funds through financial activities such as borrowing and saving. Financial behaviors, including borrowing and saving patterns, vary across different stages of life. This implies that different age groups have different impacts on real interest rates. Young adults, for instance, tend to borrow more for purposes like home purchasing and education, which acts as a factor driving interest rate increases. Middle-aged adults, including early elderly individuals, typically have the largest accumulated wealth and savings, leading to a decrease in real interest rates as their population increases. Subsequently, late elderly individuals tend to diminish their net savings through increased consumption or gifting, resulting in a decrease in net savings and a consequent rise in interest rates as their population grows. To measure the impact of population aging on real interest rates accurately, it’s essential to analyze how financial behaviors change throughout the life cycle. Existing empirical studies on the influence of demographic changes on real interest rates often categorize age groups based on labor force participation or use fixed age intervals (e.g., 20-year intervals) as explanatory variables. However, this approach fails to account for changes in financial behaviors across different age groups, potentially leading to inaccurate estimations of the impact of demographic changes on real interest rates. Particularly, it may overlook the effect of reduced net savings among the elderly population, resulting in an overestimation of the decline in real interest rates due to future population aging. In contrast to previous research that categorized age groups based on labor force participation, this study reclassified age groups based on changes in financial behaviors throughout the life cycle to analyze the impact of demographic changes on real interest rates empirically. Additionally, regression analysis was conducted assuming that the coefficients for age groups affecting real interest rates follow a polynomial form. The analysis revealed that an increase in the proportion of young adults leads to an increase in real interest rates, while an increase in the proportion of middle-aged adults leads to a decrease in real interest rates. Conversely, an increase in the proportion of late elderly adults leads to an increase in real interest rates. Using the estimated coefficients from this empirical analysis and population projections from the United Nations, the study derived how real interest rates would change in response to future demographic changes in various countries. Contrary to previous studies suggesting a continuous decline in real interest rates due to population aging, it was found that real interest rates are expected to rise between 2020 and 2030. Moreover, given the rapid pace of population aging expected in South Korea, the projected increase in real interest rates is notably high.

Effect of Nutrient Solution Concentration and Irrigation Method on the Growth of Potted Roses

강종구,이인호,이범선 한국화훼학회 2004 화훼연구 Vol.12 No.3

To evaluate the effects of nutrient solution concentration and irrigationmethods on the growth of potted roses ( R o s a s e m p e r f l o r e n s Minima 'Arba'), plantswere fertilized with five different nutrient solution concentrations formulated by theJapanese Horticultural Experiment Station [0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0× full strength; electric conductivities (EC) of 0.9, 1.7, 2.2, 4.8 and 5.8 dS・m-1, respectively],using hand-watering and ebb and flow systems. Leachate EC increased withincreasing nutrient solution concentrations in both hand-watering and ebb and flowsystems. Leachate EC increased more with the ebb and flow irrigation than with thehand-watering when a solution of the same concentration was used. Leachate pHdecreased with increasing nutrient solution concentration independent of theirrigation method. Ebb and flow consistently resulted in higher plant height, width,shoot dry weight and leaf area than hand-watering at the same rate of nutrientsolution concentration. At the end of the growing period, maximum shoot dryweight, leaf area and plant width were obtained when plants were fertilized with a0.5× concentration, while plant height and stem diameter increased with 0.5 or1.0× concentrations, regardless of the irrigation method. In our experiment, plantgrowth (plant height and width, leaf area and shoot dry weight) of the potted roseswas maximized when plants were fertilized with 0.5× concentration with the ebband flow irrigation, while the final EC of the growing medium was approximately 3.0 dS・m-1 in this treatment. Leaf tissue analysis showed significantly higherconcentration of N, P and K in plants grown with hand-watering as compared tothose grown in an ebb and flow system, while the concentrations of Ca, Mg and Sin the leaves was not affected by the irrigation method. The Mg concentration ofthe leaves decreased significantly with increasing nutrient solution concentration,irrespective of the irrigation method. Increasing nutrient solution concentrationresulted in an increase in N, K and Ca concentrations in the leaves.

촉성재배 도라지의 생장과 개화에 미치는 Gibberellin, Paclobutrazol 및 저온의 효과

강종구,양승렬,허북구 順天大學校 農業科學硏究所 1996 農業科學硏究 Vol.10 No.-

As an effort to establish of basic data for control of flowering and production of pot plants of Platycodon grandiflorum, the effects of the low temperature, Gibberellin(GA), and Paclobutrazol(PP333), on its forcing cultivation were investigated. No sprouting appeared in the non-treatment(control). However, when treated both with low temperature (each for 15, 30, and 45 days) and GA (each 50, 100, and 200㎎/ℓ) more than 95% of sprouting was effected. The flowering rate was relatively low 46 to 70% when treated with low temperature and GA. The flowering date was promoted with 100 to 119 days after planting in the GA + PP333 treatment ; rather delayed with 119 to 126 days when treated with only GA. The plant height at the flowering time was more than 70 ㎝ in the low temperature or 50 and 100㎎/ℓ of GA treatment, and a little restrained to 42 to 53 ㎝ when treated with GA+PP333.

축구선수가 선호하는 코치의 지도행동에 관한 연구

姜鍾求 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

The purpose of this study was to find out (1) what type of coaching behaviors soccer players prefer, (2) if there is any difference between soccer players and the other sport players in understanding their coaches' coaching behaviors, and (3) how much they are satisfied with their coaches' coaching behaviors. The subjects chosen at random consisted of 419 male soccer players and 2364 male athletes engaging in the other sports, who finished high school and had a career of more than 5 years as sport players. The Korean version of LSS(Leadership Scale for Sport) was used as the questionnaire in order to measure coaches' coaching behaviors, which was divided into five types : TI(Training and Instruction Behavior), DB(Democratic Behavior), AB(Autocratic Behavior), SS(Social Support Behavior), PF(Positive Feedback). The measured material was translated into T-score, and the difference between groups and between types was examined by SPSSX' CONDESCRIPTIVE, ONEWAY, T-TEST, PEARSON CORRELATION, and RELIABILITY. The conclusions are a follows : 1. Compared with the other sport players, soccer players have a preference for AB(autocratic behavior) rather than all the other coaches' coaching behaviors. (p < .05) 2. Soccer players preferred AB(Autocratic Behavior), TI(Training and Instruction behavior) and PF(Positive feedback) over the other coaches' coaching behaviors. The preference of soccer players was the lowest in DB(Democratic Behavior).

중도장애학생의 의사소통 어려움에 대한 국내와 외국 연구의 비교 분석

강종구,오세철 한국특수교육교과교육학회 2019 특수교육교과교육연구 Vol.12 No.4

This study attempted to explore research trend on communication of students with severe disabilities through domestic and foreign articles. For the purpose of this study, researchers reviewed and analyzed 68 articles (52 domestic and 16 foreign articles) published since 2000. The researchers classified these articles as themes and variables. The researchers identified 6 major themes and 14 sub-themes. The researchers also identified 6 variables such as the types of journal, published years, the types of disabilities, research method, research subject, and grade level. The analysis result of themes showed that domestic studies tended to focus on the intervention of students with severe disabilities. The analysis result of variables showed that domestic studies had greatly increased since 2010 and had published in journals dealing with overall disabilities rather than in journals dealing with specific disabilities. In addition, domestic studies usually used quantitative research methods on students with disabilities, and tended to present grade level specifically. 본 연구에서는 국내와 외국 문헌을 통해 중도장애학생의 의사소통에 관한 연구 경향을 탐구하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 목적을 위해 2000년 이후 발표된 68편의 논문(국내 논문 52편과 외국 논문 16편)을 검토 및 분석하였으며, 검토대상 논문들은 주제 및 변인으로 분류하였다. 본 연구의 결과로서 연구자들은 6개의 대주제 및 14개의 하위 주제를 확인하였다. 연구자들은 또한 학술지 유형, 발표연도, 장애유형, 연구방법, 연구주제, 학교급과 같은 6가지 변인들을 확인하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 주제에 대한 분석 결과 국내 연구는 중도장애학생의 중재에 중점을 두는 경향이 있었다. 둘째, 변인에 대한 분석 결과 국내 연구는 2010년 이후 크게 증가하였으며, 특정 장애를 다루는 학술지보다는 장애 전체를 다루는 학술지들에서 많이 발표되고 있었다. 또한 국내 문헌은 중도장애학생을 대상으로 양적 연구방법을 주로 사용하면서, 학교급을 구체적으로 제시하는 경향이 있었다.

두부외상에 의한 기질성 정신장애환자의 단축형 K-WAIS

강종구,오상우 圓光大學校 醫科學硏究所 1996 圓光醫科學 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to make an short form of K-WAIS for patients with organic mental disorder due to head trauma. The patients were 215 brain damage patients with organic mental disorder whose sex were composed of 160 male and 55 female. The new form consisted of comprehension, vocabulary, picture completion, and picture arrangement. Multiple correlation coefficient(R=.81) with Full IQ was higher than that of the existing short-form and could explain 66%. This result suggested that K-WAIS short-form was enable to estimate IQ for patients with organic mental disorder due to head trauma.

두부외상으로 인한 기질성 정신장애 환자 자료의 K-WAIS 요인분석

오상우,김홍곤,강종구 大韓神經精神醫學會 1997 신경정신의학 Vol.36 No.5

본 연구는 두부 외상후 기질성 정신장애로 진단된 환자의 자료를 토대로 K-WAIS의 요인구조를 탐색해 보았다. 연구 대상자는 17세에서 72세의 남녀 138명으로, 8개월 동안 호남지역에 소재하고 있는 대학병원 신경정신과와 정신과병원에 내원한 두부 외상으로 인한 기질성 정신장애 환자들이었다. 자료분석은 주성분분석모형을 이용하여 요인분석을 하였다. 기초구조 계산법으로는 주축분해법을 사용하였고, 기초구조에 대한 회전방법으로는 직각회전방식을 사용하였다. K-WAIS의 요인구조를 알아본 결과, 두부 외상후 기질성 정신장애로 진단된 환자집단에서는 2개 요인(언어적 이해력 요인과 지각적 조직화 요인)이 추출되었는데, 이 들 2개 요인들의 전체변량은 73.7%이었다. 언어적 이해력 요인은 어휘문제, 이해문제, 산수문제, 기본지식문제, 공통성문제, 숫자외우기로 구성되어 있었으며 전체변량의 62.0%를 설명하고 있었다. 지각적 조직화요인은 동작성검사에 속하는 모양맞추기, 차례맞추기, 토막짜기, 바꿔쓰기, 빠진곳 찾기 소검사로 구성되어 있었으며, 전체 변량의 11.7%를 설명하고 있었다. 본 연구에서 밝혀진 K-WAIS의 요인구조는 두부외상후 정신장애로 진단된 환자의 K-WAIS 자료를 임상적으로 해석할 때 중요한 의의를 지닌다고 볼 수 있을 뿐만 아니라, K-WAIS 단축형을 제작할 때 기초자료가 될 것으로 생각한다. Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate the factor structure of the K-WAIS. Methods : The sample was consisted of 138 patients with organic mental disorder due to head trauma. A principal component analysis was used worth varimax rotation. Results : Two factors in a sample patients with organic mental disorder due to head trauma were abstracted from the K-WAIS by factor analysis. Variance of the two factors was 73.3%. And variance of factor 1(verbal comprehension) factor 2(perceptual organization) were 62.0% and 11.7%, respectively. Conclusion : Two factors in a sample patients with organic mental disorder due to head trauma were abstracted from the K-WAIS using the principal component analysis by varimax rotation.

분화류 저면 관수(Ebb & Flow)재배에서 품질 향상을 위한 시비기술

강종구 한국생물환경조절학회 2002 한국생물환경조절학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.- No.-

變形된 베드構造가 養液栽培 菊花의 生長과 切花品質에 미치는 影響 : Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. cv. Backwang

서범석,이범선,정순주,강종구 충북대학교 한국과학재단 지정 첨단원예기술개발 연구센터 1997 연구보고서 Vol.2 No.-

본 연구는 고형배지를 이용한 양액재배에 있어 문제가 되는 다량의 배지 소모와 근권의 통기성 문제를 해결하기 위하여 근권내부로 통기방법을 개선한 바이오베드를 개발하였다. 바이오베드의 상이한 통기구조와 배지의 감량, 퍼라이트와 코코피트의 혼합비율에 따른 양액재배 국화의 생육과 절화품질에 미치는 영향을 검토하고자 수행하였다. 1. 근권온도에 있어 기존의 베드구조보다 B-1, B-2의 처리구에서 공기유동의 효과로 인해 2∼3℃가 높게 나타났다. 2. 비닐에 의해 막혀 통기가 불량한 대조구와 B-3처리구에서 초장과 경정이 낮게 나타났으며 통기구조가 양호한 B-1 및 B-2처리구에서 높게 나타났다. 엽면적은 통기성이 가장 양호한 B-2처리구에서 3189.3㎠로 근권의 통기성이 엽면적 증대에 깊게 영향함을 알 수 있었다. 3. 베드구조의 차이에 따른 국화의 건물생산은 통기가 우수한 B-2처리구가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 정식후 4주째부터 각 처리간 유의차를 나타내기 시작하였다. 4. 근권으로의 통기성이 좋은 B-1 및 B-2처리구가 개화소요일수가 짧아 재배기간이 단축되었으며 초장이 길고 절화수명이 길어 상품성이 높은 절화를 생산할 수 있었다. Modified bed structure which afford natural aeration can affect the growth and development of hydroponically grown crops. The effects of widely differing bed structures and natural aeration on growth and development of hydroponically grown chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. cv. Backwang) were quantified. Three types of bed structure, named B-1, B-2, B-3 were compared with conventional one(control). Chrysanthemum growth was positively correlated with bed structure and differences observed throughout most of the growing period. Growth in conventional bed structure, B-3 which was lined with plastic film was decreased compared to the plants in the B-1 and B-2, which are naturally aerated within substrate. Leaf area, plant height and stem length grew faster in B-2 bed structure than those in B-1 and B-3 structure. Rootzone temperature was higher up to 2 to 3℃ in the plot of B-1, B-2 bed structure caused by the effect of air movement. Days to flowering were shortened in the plots of B-1 and B-2 structure caused by natural oxygen supply to rootzone. Modified bed structure which was named Biobed(B-2) was developed for naturally supplying of oxygen into rootzone. The result was favorable for the growth and development of hydroponically grown chrysanthemum(Dendranthema grandiflorum Ramat. cv. Backwang) using perlite medium.

장애학생 교육과정에 대한 국내·외 연구 분석

강종구 한국특수교육교과교육학회 2019 특수교육교과교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

The purpose of this study was to identify the direction for domestic special education curriculum by reviewing domestic and foreign articles dealing with the curriculum of students with disabilities. For the purpose of this study, the researcher analyzed 88 domestic and foreign articles published since 2010. The results of literature review on domestic and foreign curriculum were as follow. First, the themes related to the curriculum of students with disabilities mainly dealt with analysis of current curriculum, practice of current curriculum, exploration of new curriculum, and development and practice of new curriculum. This study showed that domestic articles mainly dealt with the analysis of current curriculum and the exploration of new curriculum, and did not have much attention the contents related to the of curriculum. Second, as the variable characteristics of curriculum of students with disabilities, domestic articles showed that they had many studies on intellectual disabilities, hearing impairment and severe·multiple disabilities regarding the types of disabilities, usually explored basic curriculum in terms of curriculum, mostly used literature study and research study regarding research method, and usually focused on teachers as research subjects. This study insists that it is necessary to have more studies that directly practice curriculum among domestic curriculum of students with disabilities. In addition, this study argues that it is necessary to have interests on more various curriculum, including general education curriculum, functional curriculum and visual impairment curriculum, for supporting students with disabilities having various educational placements and needs. 본 연구는 장애학생의 교육과정을 다루는 국내·외 논문들에 대한 검토를 통해 국내 특수교육 교육과정의 방향성을 알아보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 이를 위해 장애학생의 교육과정과 관련하여 2010년 이후 발표된 국내·외 논문 88편을 분석하였다. 국내·외 교육과정에 대한 문헌검토 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 장애학생의 교육과정과 관련된 주제들은 현행 교육과정의 분석, 현행 교육과정의 실행, 새로운 교육과정의 탐색, 새로운 교육과정의 개발 및 실행을 다루고 있었다. 국내 논문들의 경우 현행 교육과정의 분석 및 새로운 교육과정의 탐색을 주로 다루고 있으며, 교육과정의 실행과 관련된 내용은 잘 다루어지지 않고 있었다. 둘째, 장애학생 교육과정의 변인별 특징들로서 국내 논문들은 장애유형의 경우 지적장애, 청각장애, 중도·중복장애에 대한 연구가 많으며, 교육과정에 있어서는 기본교육과정이 주로 다루어지고 있으며, 연구방법으로는 문헌연구 및 조사연구를 통한 연구방법이 주로 사용되었으며, 연구대상으로는 교사들이 주로 다루어졌다. 본 연구는 국내 장애학생의 교육과정에 대한 연구들 가운데 교육과정을 직접적으로 실행하는 연구들이 보다 많이 이루어질 필요가 있음을 주장하였다. 이와 함께, 본 연구는 다양한 교육적 배치 및 요구를 가진 장애학생들을 지원하기 위하여 일반교육과정, 기능적교육과정, 시각장애 교육과정을 포함하여 보다 다양한 교육과정에 대한 관심을 가질 필요가 있음을 주장하였다.