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Patterns of Astronomical Seeing at KSA SEM Observatory
강임석,이경훈 한국지구과학회 2009 韓國地球科學會誌 Vol.30 No.4
We report patterns of astronomical seeing at Korea Science Academy Space Earth and Man Observatory (KSA SEMO). Though the data of the seeing measured at the local observatory is essential in identifying the seeing of the observatory, systematic measurement of seeing has not been made in Pusan yet. For this reason, KSA SEMO adopted the Santa Barbara Instrument Group (SBIG) Seeing Monitor to constantly record the seeing. The seeing monitoring was done through an elaborate procedure involving direct CCD images in the focal plane which were subsequently analyzed for the full width at half maximum(FWHM) Gaussian widths. Based on the seeing monitoring for 8 months, we classified five patterns of the seeing at KSA SEMO: ‘Sunset/Sunrise Effect’, ‘Extreme Fluctuation’, ‘Sudden Increment’, ‘Daily Variation’ and 'Stable Condition'. Seeing was generally good from 1:00 am to 3:00 am than other times, and it was also better in Winter than in Summer.
고분자성 Al(Ⅲ)응집제의 특성이 상수원수의 응집특성에 미치는 영향
강임석,한승우,이선기 대한상하수도학회 1998 상하수도학회지 Vol.12 No.2
This research explored the feasibility of preparing and utilizing a preformed polymeric solution of Al(Ⅲ) for coagulation in water treatment. Slow base(NaOH) injection into supersaturated aluminum chloride solutions did produce high yields of the type of Al polymers useful to water treatment applications. PACl's characteristic analysis showed that the quantity of polymeric Al produced at value of r(OH_added/Al) = 2.2 was 83% of the total aluminum in solution, as showing maximum contents and precipitate was dramatically increased when r was increased above 2.35. And PACl was stable during sitoring period so aging effect was negligible. Results of the coagulation of Nakdong river waters with three PACls showed that the effectiveness of the three coagulants can be considered as r = 2.2 > r = 2.0 > r = 2.35 which are also the order of higher polymeric aluminum contents. Coagulation results for synthetic water exhibited optimum dose of 0.25mM Al, for three PACls, but above optimum dose, r = 2.0 and 2.2 PACl impaired the coagulation and sedimentation of turbidity and humic acid because of the restabilization of particulate. The effect of pH for on coagulation of Nak Dong River water showed that it had much effect turbidity and TOC removal, especially near pH 7. But pH effect was little for turbidity and TOC removal when r = 2.35 PACl was used for coagulation, that PACl had much more precipitates content.
李柄憲,姜壬錫 釜山水産大學校 1986 釜山水産大學 硏究報告 Vol.26 No.1-2
The objective of this study is to evaluate the land application of wastewater, which is applicable to small community without sewer systems. The laboratory units were consist of two-stage septic tanks, soil absorption systems and sois columns. Two-stage septic tanks were operated to evaluate pretreatment methods of soil absorption systems and soil column test was designed to examine the effect of hydraulic loading rates, organic loading rates and soil depths on the efficiencies of soil absorption systems. If land is available, land application of wastewater is a cost effective method in terms of construction and maintenance cost with high organics and nutrients removal efficiencies.
상수처리시 Fe (3) 응집제를 이용한 응집동력학에 관한 연구 : 수온과 황산이온의 영향
강임석(Lim Seok Kang),(John L . Cleasby) 한국수처리학회 1995 한국수처리학회지 Vol.3 No.2
The effects of low water temperature and sulfate ion on flocculation kinetics were examined using ferric nitrate as a coagulant to coagulate kaolin clay in water under tightly controlled treatment conditions. Both the particle size distribution data obtained from Automatic Image Analysis system and the on-line measurement of the degree of turbidity fluctuation in a flowing suspension by Photometric Dispersion Analyzer were used to measure flocculation kinetics. Results show that cold water temperature had a pronounced detrimental effect on flocculation kinetics. For improving flocculation kinetics at low temperature, maintaining constant pOH to adjust water chemistry for temperature changes was found to be partially effective, but only in the more acidic pH range studied (≤pH 6.8). However, the improved performance did not reach the performance at room temperature. In addition, sulfate ion added to kaolin suspension played an important role in the flocculation process, not only improving flocculation kinetics at more acidic pH levels but also changing surface charge of particles.
Kang, Lim Seok,Lee, Byung Hun 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.4
The study of flocculation kinetics is of fundamental interest in the field of water treatment, because rational study of the factors affecting the coagulation process should be based on the rate of particle growth. The effect of sulfate on flocculation kinetics were examined using ferric nitrate as a coagulant to coagulate kaolin clay in water under several experimental conditions. Both the particle size distribution data obtained from the AIA and the on-line measurement of turbidity fluctuation by the PDA were used to measure flocculation kinetics. Results show that sulfate ion added to the kaolin suspension played an important role in the flocculation process, not only improving flocculation kinetics at more acidic pH levels but also changing surface charge of particles. The kinetics of flocculation were improved mainly by the enhanced rate and extent of Fe(Ⅲ) precipitation attributed to the addition of sulfate, and thereby, better interparticle collision frequency, but little by the charge reductions resulting from the sulfate addition. The increase in sulfate concentration beyond 3×10 exp (-4)M (up to 2×10 exp (-3)M) did not induce further improvement in flocculation kinetics, although the higher concentrations of sulfate ion substantially increased the negative ZP value of particles.
Effects of Temperature on Flocculation Kinetics Using Fe (III) Coagulant in Water Treatment
Kang, Lim Seok 한국환경과학회 1995 한국환경과학회지 Vol.4 No.2
Flocculation kinetics using ferric nitrate as a coagulant to coagulate kaolin clay in water was examined as a tool to investigate the effect of low temperature under tightly controlled treatment conditions. Both the particle size distribution data obtained from Automatic Image Analysis (AIA) system and the on-line measurement of the degree of turbidity fluctuation in a flowing suspension by Photometric Dispersion Analyzer (PDA) were used to measure flocculation kinetics. Results show that cold water temperature had a pronounced detrimental effect on flocculation kinetics. For improving flocculation kinetics at low water temperature, maintaining constant pOH to adjust water chemistry for temperature changes was found to be partially effective only in the more acidic pH range studied.