서울「소년의 집」의 정신 박약 아동들에 대한 조사

김 임,박상규,안창호,변용욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 1977 신경정신의학 Vol.16 No.3

Boys' Town, which is located in Eungam Dong, Seodaimoon-Ku, Seoul, Korea is operated by the Sisters of Mary with financial assistance from the Seoul City government. Boys' Town consists on elementary school and a residential village. Both boys and girls are accomodated in both facilties, The former can accommodate about 1,200 children and the later, that is the residential area can accommodate about 1,100 children. Presently 1,890 children are being accommodated. These children usually are being accommodated. These children usually have become lost abandoned, orphaned or have run away from their homes. Most are referred to Boys' Town either by the city police or the city department of social welfare. Early it was felt a number of the children were mentally retarded. However, this assumption needed to be verified, The writers of this article have served this facility as Neuro-Psychiatrists on part time basis since 1975. In addition to the writers, 2 nurses and a clinical psychologist were to confirm this diagnosis and determine a longitudinal rehabilitation program on their behalf. The evaluation consisted of a Nnuro-Psychiatric examination, determination of physical development, I.Q testing, both verbal and performance, and environmental-behavioral observation. The results of this survey were as follows: 1. Among the 1,890 children admitted and undercare, 153 or 8.1% were found to be mentally retarded. 2. Sex ratio was 1.5 male to female. 3. 68.1% of the children fell within the 7-12 chronological age level. 79.7% tested below 51 I.Q. 4. 52.3% of the subject group demonstrated no overt physical deformity: however, 19.6% demonstrated kyphosis, 16.3%-hemiplegia, and 7.2% were deaf. 5. In comparison to the standard physical development of their age group: a) 52.3% were shorter. b). 50.3% were underweight. c) 30.1% had a smaller chest circumference. d) 24.2% had a head circumference. 6. Duration of their stay at time of evaluation was: a) 2-6 months: 43.1% b) 7-12 months: 20.1% c) 12-24 months: 24.2%. 7. Of this group the following disorders were further noted: a) 32.7%: speech disturbancies. b) 18.3%: Enures. c) 12.4%: behavior disorders. d) 11.8%: Epilepsy e) 7.8%: psychosis. f) 7.8% hearing disturbancy. 8. 18 children having collateral mental disabling conditions were able to make an adequate adjustment to special classes of their peers who had collateral physical disabilities. 9. Upon discharge, the children returned either to their homes or to homes of relatives, Although the examining staff held reservations about many such placements, alternate programing and/ or placement was not available. 10. Among the things which the writers felt this study did accomplish was: a) that the diagnosis ?? involve a multi-disciplinary apprpach. b) that such children can adjust and respond to academic instruction if given the opportunity and, c) there is a need for such type of educational programs wi-thin the Seoul City area.

開業醫의 日果

卞容旭 서울대학교 의과대학 정신과학교실 1977 精神醫學報 Vol.1 No.1-10

專門醫 需給과 관련하여

卞容旭 서울대학교 의과대학 정신과학교실 1979 精神醫學報 Vol.3 No.1-12

서울특별시립 정신병원의 입원환자 실태보고

김임,조완숙,변용욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 1975 신경정신의학 Vol.14 No.1

The authors reviewed 386 in-patients of Seoul Municipal Mental Hospital from May 25 to September 10, 1974. The results were as follow: 1) Seventy percent of all the patients were schizophrenia; 9 percent, drug dependency: 3.9 percent, alcoholism: 3.6 percent, general paresis. Of schizophrenia, paranoid type was the most frequent, and catatonic and chronic undifferentiated types were the next. 2) The most frequent age group of all the patients was twenties 3) Seventy percent of them were from the Seoul area and the remainders from other provinces. 4) Most of them were chronic: 75 percent of all patients had histories of one or more previous mental hospitalization, 11 percent had histories of hospitalization five times and more. 5) Twelve percent were uneducated, 49 percent were from high school and college. 6) Thirty eight percent of all cases had history marriage, whereas 66 percent of them were divorced or separated. 7) Socioeconomic status of the cases was relatively lower. 8) In the route of the admission, 47 present of all the patients were committed by police (compulsary admission). But there is still no medico-legal background in this gield.

감정인의 올바른 자세 : -정신감정에서 유의해야 할 사항-

변용욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 1995 신경정신의학 Vol.34 No.5

정신과의사및 한의사들의 홧병에 대한 개념

민성길,소은희,변용욱 大韓神經精神醫學會 1989 신경정신의학 Vol.28 No.1

The answers to 29-item questionnaire on so-called "hwabyung" , from 265 Korean psychiatrists and 32 Korean herb physicians working as professors in Chinese medical schools, were analysed and compared. Psychiatrists reported that the incidence of hwabyung was 3 to 10% in the general population and was more frequently found in women, In middle and mid-late age groups, in low educational and economic classes, and in rural areas. Most psychiatrists thought of hwabyung as being a psychogenic disorder which was usually caused by familial problems, financial loss or poverty and patient personality problems. Frequent familial problems include conflicts due to husbands misconducts, conflicts between housewieves and mother-in-laws and conflicts between parents and children. From these etiological factors, discontent, frustration, mortification, anger and resentment develop. However, the patients have to repetitively repress or suppress their negative emotional reactions for a long period or undergo partial somatization before the symptom develop. This results in incompletely suppressed anger and resentment and depressive syndromes such as depressve moods, regret, pessimism and feeling of worthlessness. Somatic symptoms are also characteristic. The most common and typical symptoms are something pushing-up in chest, chest oppression, heat or hot feeling of body, epigastric mass and palpitation. According DSM-Ⅲcriteria, many psychiatrists diagnosed hwabyung patients as having somatization disorders, neurotic depression (dysthymic disorder) and generalized anxiety disorders. Most psychiatrists recommended interactive psychiatric treatment Including psychotherapy, drug therapy and family therapy and thought that hwabyung was a chronic disorder but that the prognosis was good. Many psychiatrists were reluctant to accept the possibility that hwabyung could be a clinical entity but accepted that it could be a culture-bound syndrome in Korea. Most of the Korean herb physicians had opinions similar to those of psychiatrists in respect to incidence in sex and age, psychogenecity, etiological background, symptoms and clinical course. However, they thought the incidence of hwabyung was 20∼ 50% in the general population and that it occured more frequently in high educational and economic classes. Many of the herb physician related hwa(fire), a unique concept in old Chinese medicine, as the major etiological factors. Their diagnosis and recommendation for treatment varied so greatly that it seemed their concept of hwabyung was not clearly established. More herb physicians accepted that hwabyung could be a clinical entity but were reluctant to accept that it could be a culture-bound syndrome in Korea

兩側 및 單側 電氣衝擊療法後의 腦波變化에 對한 硏究

楊秉煥,정경천,李定均,卞容旭 大韓神經精神醫學會 1979 신경정신의학 Vol.18 No.2

Changes on EEG after bilateral and unilateral ECT was studied in 12 young adult schizophrenic patients who were admitted st Seoul Municipal Mental Hospital. Their EEC data were obtained during the interictal period of serial ECT sessions and subjected to global quantitative analysis by visual assessment. Some significant findings are summarizcol as follows: Repeated ECT resulted in increased EEG slow wave activity more see in the frontal and temporal leads which became gradually generalized in forms of occasional burst and run. No spike and focalized activities were seen. The degree of slowing and its amplitude was directly related to the number of ECT sessions. As the successive four to six treatments were administered, the slowing became more persistent and widespreaded with high voltage paroxysmal activities, while the alpha rhythm became disturbed and disappeared. After seven to eight serial treatment, the percent time delta remained constant in plateau or falled off. Fourteen days after the last 10th treatment, 34 percent time of slow wave activities was recorded in frontal lead of bilateral ECT group and 25 percent of unilateral ECT group. Minor lateralized asymmetries of frequancy and amplitude which were predominently right sided, appeared more in the right unilateral ECT group (4 in 6 cases) than the bilateral group (1 in 6 cases). The amount of post-ECT slow wave activity did not revealed major difference between these kinds of ECTs and was closely related to the number of ECT sessions and to the pretreatment EEG with individual variations. No relationship was found between the therapeutic response, degree of amnesia or confusion, and EEG findings after electroconvulsive therapy.

精神分裂症患者의 家族關係에 對한 硏究

卞容旭,蘇秉學,姜錫憲,尹錫夏,元鎬澤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1967 신경정신의학 Vol.6 No.1

An intensive study was performed by the psychiatrist and clinical psychologist to evaluate the characteristics of the relations of family triangle and intrafamilial environment which assumed to be the pathologic influence on the formative processes of schizophrenic patients. 18 cases of chronic schizophrenic patients and their families were studied by the psychiatric interview and clinical psychological tests i. e. Rorschach test, sentence completion test and T. A. T. The results were interpreted in terms of parents-children relations and interrelation of parents. It is assumed that there exists deep interdependency in the mother-child relations. The predominant featues of mothers' attiude toward children seemed to be highly overprotective. The interrelations of parents are characterized as to be cold and hostile without affective ties. The characteristics of father's attitude are emasculated. These features are seemingly equal to that of the mothers of schizophrenics and the mutual relation of parents of schizophrenics assumed by Lidz. Wynne and other investigators in the western society. Furthur studies on this problems would be stimulated along the lines of transcultural comparisons.

兩側 및 單側 電氣衝撃療法後의 腦波變化에 對한 硏究

楊秉換,鄭京苹,季定均,卞容旭 대한신경정신의학회 1979 신경정신의학 Vol.18 No.2

Changes on EEG after bilateral and unilateral ECT was studied in 12 young adult schizophrenic patients who were adm itted st Seoul Municipal Mental Hospital. Their EEG data were obtained during the interictal period of serial ECT sessions and subjected to global quantitative analysis by visual assessment. Some significant findings are summarizcol as follows: Repeated ECT resulted in increased EEG slow wave activity more see in the frontal and temporal leads which became gradually generalized in forms of occasional burst and run. No spike and focalized activities were seen. The degree of slowing and its am plitude was directly related to the f number of ECT sessions. As the successive four to six treatm ents were administered, the slowing became more persistent and widespreaded with high voltage paroxysmal activities, while the alpha rhythm became disturbed and disappeared. After seven to eight serial treatment, the percent time delta remained constant in plateau or failed off. Fourteen days after the last 10th treatment, 34 percent time of slow wave activities was recorded in frontal lead of bilateral ECT group and 25 percent of unilateral ECT group. Minor lateralized asymmetries of frequancy and amplitude which were predominently right sided, appeared more in the rig h t unilateral ECT group (4 in 6 cases) than the bilateral group (1 in 6 cases). The amount of post-ECT slow wave activity did not revealed m ajor difference between these kinds of ECTs and was closely related to the number of ECT sessions and to the pretreatment EEG with individual variations. No relationship was found between the therape utic response, degree of amnesia or confusion, and EEG findings after electroconvulsive therapy.