영어의 비 대칭 현상

卓基賢 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 1988 里門論叢 Vol.7 No.1

운율구조에 의한 영어의 리듬고찰

卓基賢 韓國外國語大學校 大學院 1986 里門論叢 Vol.5 No.1

文의 構成

卓基賢 尙志大學校 1995 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

Traditional grammar defines a sentence as a group of words expressing a complete thought. According to Sweet(1982-1898), "a sentence is a word or combination of words capable of expressing a thought, that is, a combination of a logical predicate with a logical subject." This traditional definition of a sentence, however, gives no explanation for the following question: how the completeness of a sentence or the combination of a logical predicate with a logical subject is incorporated in the traditional grammar? Structural linguistics, on the other hand, tried to define a sentence with no consideration of meaning. Bloomfield(1993), for example, describes a sentence as follows: "each sentence is an independent linguistic form." This description of a sentence also does not suggest any satisfying answers for 'What is an independent linguistic form and what is the grammatical construction in which a linguistic form is included in a larger linguistic form? These definitions above are not so concrete that they do not suggest any ways the completeness of a sentence is incorporated in grammars. This paper is, therefore, to answer the question, 'what constitues a sentence?' Expecially, how the traditional definition of a sentence, the combination of a logical predicate with a logical subject, can be incorporated in transformational grammar. The discussion in this paper is made within the theoretical framework of VP-internal subject hypothesis sketched out by Kitagawa(1986) and elaborated thereafter in varies works. The hypothesis assumes that the structural relation 'government' holds not only between the verbal head and its object but also between the verbal head and its subject. Accordingly, it gives a simplified and unified account of theta-theory, and this paper is to describe a sentence with the theta-theory of VP-internal subject hypothesis. This paper shows that the basic elements of a sentence consist of a theta-role assigner and its arguments, and that the complete thought or the combination of a logical predicate with a logical subject is completed by the assignment of theta-roles to arguments. It is also proposed that the maxiaml projection of a lexical head where theta-marking takes place under head-government is the grammatical unit in which the completeness of a sentence is incorporated.

무인항공기 영상기반 목표물 위치획득 편향치 추정에 관한 연구

탁기현,이동진,방효충 한국항공우주학회 2015 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.4

본 논문에서는 무인 항공기에 이용되는 영상기반 목표물 위치추정에 있어 정확도를 향상시키기 위한 방법의 일환으로 편향치를 추정하고자 한다. 이를 위해 편향치 추정 문제를 짐벌 각도들에 대한 위치추정 오차의 분산을 최소로 하는 최적화 문제로 변환하였다. 짐벌 방향각과 상하각에 따른 오차의 분산을 2차 다항식으로 근사함으로써 짐벌의 방향각과 상하각에 대한 편향치 추정을 수행하였다. 수치 시뮬레이션을 통해 편향치가 잘 추정되는 것을 확인하였으며 추정된 편향치를 보상해줌으로써 목표물 위치추정 정확도를 향상시킬 수 있었다. In this paper, bias estimation is conducted to improve the accuracy of the object geo-location for an UAV. The bias estimation problem is converted to an optimization problem, which is a minimization problem of the variance of the geo-location error subject to the gimbal angles. As the variance of the error is approximated by the 2nd order polynomial regression, the biases of the gimal azimuth and elevation angles are estimated. The performance of the proposed bias estimation method is evaluated using numerical simulations and the results show that the accuracy of the object geo-location is improved by compensating the estimated bias.

ORB를 이용한 실시간 목표물 인식 및 추적

탁기현,방효충 한국항공우주학회 2015 한국항공우주학회 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2015 No.11

무인기의 사용이 증가함에 따라 영상 기반의 임무는 무인기 연구 분야에 있어 중요한 주제가 되었다. 목표물 인식을 위하여 최근에는 BRIEF, ORB, BRISK, FREAK 등의 이진 기술자 기반의 연구가 진행되었다. 이 알고리즘들은 적은 메모리 사용량과 빠른 계산 시간으로 인해 휴대전화 또는 DSP와 같은 저전력의 장비에 사용하기에 적합하다. 본 논문에서는 ORB 알고리즘을 사용하여 목표물 인식 및 추적을 수행하였다. 모든 알고리즘은 Texas Instruments의 DSP 중 하나인 TMS320DM648 상에 구현 되었다. 메모리 사용량을 줄이기 위해 템플릿 이미지 대신 템플릿 이미지의 기술자를 DSP상에 저장하였다. 실내 시험을 수행하였으며, 시험 결과는 목표물 인식과 추적이 잘 이루어짐을 보여준다. As the usage of unmanned aircraft increases, vision-based mission becomes one of the important topics in unmanned aircraft research. Recently, researches based on binary descriptors have been studied for object recognition such as BRIEF, ORB, BRISK, and FREAK, ect. These algorithms have low memory usage and computational load, which make easier to apply to low-power devices such as cell-phone or DSP. In this paper, ORB algorithm is used for object recognition and tracking. All algorithms are implemented in TMS320DM648 which is one of DSP of Texas Instruments. To reduce memory usage descriptors of template are saved in DSP rather than the template. An indoor test is conducted and the result of indoor test show that object recognition and tracking works well.

영어 결과문의 구조적 접근

탁기현 한국중앙영어영문학회 2007 영어영문학연구 Vol.49 No.3

Several constraints have been discussed on English resultatives: The Direct Object Constraint, The Single Delimiting Constraint, The Further Specification Constraint and A Semantic/Functional Constraint. This paper reviews these constraints and shows that a semantic constraint is required in order to explain the compatibility between the action denoted by verbs and resultative predicates. The main argument of this paper is based on the analysis of Goldberg’s constructional grammar. According to Goldberg, resultatives are supposed to be consisted of constructional subevents and verbal subevents. Goldberg(1997) proposes the Causal Relation Hypothesis which describes the relation between the meaning designated by the verb and the meaning designated by the construction. This hypothesis, however, cannot explain the semantic difference between The vase broke into pieces and The vase broke worthless. Takami(1998) divides resultatives into lexical resultatives and pragmatic resultatives and suggests an elaborate semantic constraint. According to Takami(1998), the verb hammer contains the meaning of resultative flat. The following sentence, however, shows the contradiction that the contained meaning is negated: John hammered the metal, but it didn’t become flat. To explain these problems, I suggest a semantic constraint on resultatives: The English resultative construction is acceptable only when the constructional subevents are the direct result of verbal subevents. This constraint means that the English resultatives are described based on the relationship between verbal subevents and constructional subevents.

영어 결과문의 인과관계

탁기현 한국중앙영어영문학회 2010 영어영문학연구 Vol.52 No.4

The analysis of resultative sentences in this paper is based on Goldberg’s (1995) constructional view. Under the constructional view, resultative sentences are assumed to be composed of verbal subevent and constructional subevent. Accoring to Goldberg and Jackendoff’s (2004) Causal Relation Hypithesis, the verbal subevent and constructional subevent must be integrated via causal relationship. For the causal relationship, I suggest two types of causal relationship, direct and logical cause-result relationship and indirect and phenomenal cause-effect relationship, and describe the causal relation by the combination of features, [logical] and [phenomenal]. I also revise Goldberg and Jackendoff’s (2004) Causal Relation Hypothesis, saying that the verbal subevent and the constructional subevent must be integrated via a [+logical, +phenomenal] causal relationship. With the revised causal relation hypothesis, I can give an explanation for the various grammaticality on the resultatives, and provide a unified account for the semantic constraints between verb and argument and between arguments. The revised causal relation hypothesis also suggests that the whole sentences should be considered in deciding the grammaticality of resultatives rather than the categories which cause a conflict in meaning.

국어와 영어 결과문

탁기현 한국중앙영어영문학회 2012 영어영문학연구 Vol.54 No.2

This paper deals with two questions related to Korean resultatives. One is about the constructional meaning of Korean resultatives. English resultatives are known to have a constructional meaning of ‘X CAUSE [Y BECOME Z]’, which is correspond to the constructional subevent of Goldberg & Jackendoff(2004)’s analysis of resultatives. Compared to this, I suggest a generalized form of ‘X AFFECT Y To CAUSE [Y' BECOME Z]’ in addition to the constructional meaning of English resultatives mentioned above as constructional meanings of Korean resultatives. It is derived from the Korean resultatives which have an independent embedded clause in the resultatives. The other issue discussed in this paper is concerned with the Goldberg(1997)’s Causal Relation Hypothesis. I suggest a revised causal relation hypothesis using features which represents a combination of conceptual function and contextual function. The conceptional function reflects the speaker’s experience of the world, and the contextual function indicates a relationship between the verbal subevent and the constructional subevent in the sense of Goldberg & Jackendoff(2004)’s analysis of resultatives. With this feature based constraint, I show that a pragmatic explanation is possible on the Korean unergative resultatives.

내재적으로 유도된 동작 동사의 결과문에 대한 의미제약

탁기현 한국중앙영어영문학회 2005 영어영문학연구 Vol.47 No.1

Dowty(1979) describes the resultative construction as a kind of lexicalized compound verb, though one which typically appears as a discontinuous constituent. Many linguists note this relationship between the verbs and the result phrases of resultative constructions. In this paper, I show that the incompatibility of resultatives with the verbs of inherently directed motion(henceforth VIDM) results from the semantic relationship between the verbs and the resultatives. The first chapter deals with the incompatibility of resultatives with the VIDMs and points out that the VIDMs are not exceptional to the incompatibility. It can be found in other classes of unaccusative verbs. The third chapter shows that the constructions expressing a change of state and those expressing a change of location have conceptual, syntactic, semantic and aspectual similarity. Thus, the goal PPs of VIDMs are supposed to have the same status as the change-of-state result phrases. The fourth chapter describes the semantic constraint on the resultative constructions of directed motion verbs: the English resultative construction of directed motion verbs is acceptable to the extent that the result XP is specified or implied in the meanings of the verb. This constraint shows how tightly the verbs and the result phrases should be connected to lump together as one clause, called resultive clauses.

결과구문과 상적구조

탁기현 한국중앙영어영문학회 2004 영어영문학연구 Vol.46 No.1

Tenny(1987, 1994) argues that it is aspectual component of thematic roles that governs their linking to syntax. That is, only aspectual structure is visible to syntax so that syntax needs to see not the thematic roles but the aspectual structure only. Tenny(1987) proposes 'The Aspectual Interface Hypothesis' saying that 'the universal principles of mapping between thematic structure and syntactic argument structure are governed by aspectual properties relating to measuring-out'. For measuring events, Tenny(1987, 1994) suggests that the internal direct argument be a measurer delimiting events, whereas Wyngaerd(2001) insists that resultative phrases delimit events. In this paper, I assume that all the resultative phrases have an aspectual role, and suggest the constraint on resultatives: resultative phrases have an aspectual role TERMINUS. With this constraint, I expect to constrain the possible resultative phrases and also substitute another constraint on resultatives such as Further Specification Constraint. I also suggest that the verbs of resultative construction have an aspectual structure [MEASURE, TERMINUS] or [PATH, TERMINUS]. In a sentence Kim ran into the room, for example, the scale for measuring out would be the path into the room. This exactly means that the measurer of the event described by the verb run is the implicit path and explicit terminus. Thus, I conclude that the measurer of events is the resultative small clauses rather than direct internal arguments or resultative phrases.