Acute Exacerbation of Interstitial Pneumonia Other Than Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Park, I-Nae,Kim, Dong Soon,Shim, Tae Sun,Lim, Chae-Man,Lee, Sang Do,Koh, Younsuck,Kim, Woo Sung,Kim, Won Dong,Jang, Se Jin,Colby, Thomas V. American College of Chest Physicians 2007 Chest Vol.132 No.1

<P>BACKGROUNDS: Acute exacerbation (AE) in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is increasingly recognized as a relatively common and highly morbid clinical event. However, clinical data on AE in non-IPF interstitial pneumonia are sparse. This study was performed to find the frequency, clinical features, and outcome of AE in non-IPF interstitial pneumonia. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 10 patients who satisfied the modified Akira criteria for AE during follow-up of 74 patients with surgical lung biopsy-confirmed idiopathic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (I-NSIP) and 93 patients with biopsy-confirmed interstitial pneumonia associated with collagen vascular disease (CVD-IP). RESULTS: AE occurred in six patients with I-NSIP (1-year frequency, 4.2%) and in four patients with CVD-IP (rheumatoid arthritis [RA], n = 3; scleroderma, n = 1), with 1-year frequency of 3.3%. Median age was 58 years (range, 47 to 75); six patients were female. AE occurred in two patients immediately after surgical biopsy. Median duration of acute symptom before hospital admission was 10 days (range, 1 to 30). Median ratio of Pao(2) to the fraction of inspired oxygen (Fio(2)) was 172 (range, 107 to 273), and Pao(2)/Fio(2) ratio was < 200 in six patients. Surgical lung biopsy performed at the time of AE in two patients revealed diffuse alveolar damage superimposed on nonspecific interstitial pneumonia pattern. Four patients with I-NSIP survived to discharge and were followed up for 24 months (range, 6 to 121). CONCLUSION: AE occurred in the patients with I-NSIP with apparently better prognosis. In patients with CVD-IP, AE occurred mostly with RA-usual interstitial pneumonia in our small series with poor outcome.</P>

Investigations of novel nitrile-based ionic liquids as pre-treatment solvent for extraction of lignin from bamboo biomass

Nawshad Muhammad,Zakaria Man,M. Azmi Bustam,M.I. Abdul Mutalib,Sikander Rafiq 한국공업화학회 2013 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.19 No.1

In this work, nitrile-based ionic liquids (ILs) i.e., 1-propyronitrile-3-butylimidazolium chloride [C2CNBim]Cl, 1-propyronitrile-3-allylimidazolium chloride [C2CNAim]Cl, 1-propyronitrile-3-(2-hydroxyethyl)imidazolium chloride [C2CN HEim]Cl and 1-propyronitrile-3-benzyllimidazolium chloride [C2CN Bzim]Cl were used as pre-treatment solvent for the extraction of lignin from bamboo biomass. The pre-treatment process was investigated with respect to several factors such as the types of ionic liquid cation used, the effect of pretreatment temperature and time, sample loading and particle size, the effect of recycling the ionic liquid on lignin extraction and the effect of multi-extraction to enhance the recovery of lignin which were collectively found to have an impact on the lignin extraction as a whole. The crystallinity of the cellulose-rich material obtained from the extraction was analyzed using XRD while the extracted lignin was characterized using FTIR, NMR, TGA and elemental analysis. From the XRD analysis, the crystallinity of the cellulose-rich material obtained after treatment with the synthesized nitrile-based ILs was found to remain the same. Among the nitrile-based ILs used, [C2CN Bzim]Cl demonstrate the best performance for the extraction process in a predetermined condition (T = 120 8C,t = 24 h) where 53% of the lignin from the bamboo was successfully extracted. This was confirmed from the FTIR and NMR analysis showing the characteristic peaks indicating the presence of lignin in the spectra of the respective samples tested.

Geochemical characteristics and microbial community composition in toxic metal-rich sediments contaminated with Au–Ag mine tailings

Kwon, Man Jae,Yang, Jung-Seok,Lee, Seunghak,Lee, Giehyeon,Ham, Baknoon,Boyanov, Maxim I.,Kemner, Kenneth M.,O’Loughlin, Edward J. Elsevier 2015 Journal of hazardous materials Vol.296 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of extreme geochemical conditions on microbial community composition were investigated for two distinct sets of sediment samples collected near weathered mine tailings. One set (SCH) showed extraordinary geochemical characteristics: As (6.7–11.5%), Pb (1.5–2.1%), Zn (0.1–0.2%), and pH (3.1–3.5). The other set (SCL) had As (0.3–1.2%), Pb (0.02–0.22%), and Zn (0.01–0.02%) at pH 2.5–3.1. The bacterial communities in SCL were clearly different from those in SCH, suggesting that extreme geochemical conditions affected microbial community distribution even on a small spatial scale. The clones identified in SCL were closely related to acidophilic bacteria in the taxa <I>Acidobacterium</I> (18%), <I>Acidomicrobineae</I> (14%), and <I>Leptospirillum</I> (10%). Most clones in SCH were closely related to <I>Methylobacterium</I> (79%) and <I>Ralstonia</I> (19%), both well-known metal-resistant bacteria. Although total As was extremely high, over 95% was in the form of scorodite (FeAsO<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O). Acid-extractable As was only ∼118 and ∼14mgkg<SUP>−1</SUP> in SCH and SCL, respectively, below the level known to be toxic to bacteria. Meanwhile, acid-extractable Pb and Zn in SCH were above toxic concentrations. Because As was present in an oxidized, stable form, release of Pb and/or Zn (or a combination of toxic metals in the sediment) from the sediment likely accounts for the differences in microbial community structure. The results also suggest that care should be taken when investigating mine tailings, because large differences in chemical/biological properties can occur over small spatial scales.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Over 95% of solid-phase As was in the form of scorodite (FeAsO<SUB>4</SUB>·2H<SUB>2</SUB>O). </LI> <LI> <I>Methylobacterium</I>/<I>Ralstonia</I> were predominant in sediments with high levels of toxic metals. </LI> <LI> Extreme geochemical conditions affected microbial community distribution. </LI> <LI> Pb and/or Zn released from the sediment might cause the differences in microbial community. </LI> </UL> </P>

Histopathological changes of Korea cultured olive flounder, <i>Paralichthys olivaceus</i> due to scuticociliatosis caused by histophagous scuticociliate, <i>Philasterides dicentrarachi</i>

Jin, Chang-Nam,Harikrishnan, Ramasamy,Moon, Young-Gun,Kim, Man-Chul,Kim, Ju-Sang,Balasundaram, Chellam,Azad, I.S.,Heo, Moon-Soo Elsevier 2009 Veterinary parasitology Vol.161 No.3

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Recently, mass mortality due to histophagous scuticociliate, <I>Philasterides dicentrarachi</I> in olive flounder, <I>Paralichthys olivaceus</I> occurred in aquaculture farms of Jeju Island, South Korea. We have artificially induced infection through immersion on day 12, the density of ciliates slowly decreased in the experimental tanks; on day 28 to 2300cells/ml in 3cm group and 1800cells/ml in 5cm group. The survival rate of <I>P. olivaceus</I> on days 24 and 28 of infection in the 3cm group was decreased to 4 and 6, respectively; however, no mortality was recorded in the 5cm group. In the control group 100% survival in the chosen period of both groups occurred except in the 3cm group whereas on days 24 and 28 the death rate was 1 and 2, respectively. Many ciliates with ingested red blood cells were observed in the gills, skeletal muscle, skin, fins and brains of infected flounder. The parasites were also observed in the lamina propria of the digestive tract, pharynx, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid and cornea. Histopathological and inflammatory changes were characterized by swelling and generalized erythema and muscle tissue necrosis. Affected fish showed varying levels of tissue damage including severe epidermal and dermal necrotic lesions. Loss of scales, appearance of bleached spots that coalesced to form brownish patches, haemorrhagic and severe dermal necrotic lesions were the major clinico-pathological manifestations. The parasite was also seen distributed extensively in the entire brain causing widespread nerve necrosis after a prolonged period of infection. These results appear to support the hypothesis that the <I>P. dicentrarchi</I> may be penetrating via the gills or the skin, and then travel via the bloodstream to other parts of the body, including the body cavity.</P>

Bioreduction of Hydrogen Uranyl Phosphate: Mechanisms and U(IV) Products

Rui, Xue,Kwon, Man Jae,O’Loughlin, Edward J.,Dunham-Cheatham, Sarrah,Fein, Jeremy B.,Bunker, Bruce,Kemner, Kenneth M.,Boyanov, Maxim I. American Chemical Society 2013 Environmental science & technology Vol.47 No.11

<P>The mobility of uranium (U) in subsurface environments is controlled by interrelated adsorption, redox, and precipitation reactions. Previous work demonstrated the formation of nanometer-sized hydrogen uranyl phosphate (abbreviated as HUP) crystals on the cell walls of <I>Bacillus subtilis</I>, a non-U<SUP>VI</SUP>-reducing, Gram-positive bacterium. The current study examined the reduction of this biogenic, cell-associated HUP mineral by three dissimilatory metal-reducing bacteria, <I>Anaeromyxobacter dehalogenans</I> strain K, <I>Geobacter sulfurreducens</I> strain PCA, and <I>Shewanella putrefaciens</I> strain CN-32, and compared it to the bioreduction of abiotically formed and freely suspended HUP of larger particle size. Uranium speciation in the solid phase was followed over a 10- to 20-day reaction period by X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (XANES and EXAFS) and showed varying extents of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction to U<SUP>IV</SUP>. The reduction extent of the same mass of HUP to U<SUP>IV</SUP> was consistently greater with the biogenic than with the abiotic material under the same experimental conditions. A greater extent of HUP reduction was observed in the presence of bicarbonate in solution, whereas a decreased extent of HUP reduction was observed with the addition of dissolved phosphate. These results indicate that the extent of U<SUP>VI</SUP> reduction is controlled by dissolution of the HUP phase, suggesting that the metal-reducing bacteria transfer electrons to the dissolved or bacterially adsorbed U<SUP>VI</SUP> species formed after HUP dissolution, rather than to solid-phase U<SUP>VI</SUP> in the HUP mineral. Interestingly, the bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms were not immediately coordinated to other U<SUP>IV</SUP> atoms (as in uraninite, UO<SUB>2</SUB>) but were similar in structure to the phosphate-complexed U<SUP>IV</SUP> species found in ningyoite [CaU(PO<SUB>4</SUB>)<SUB>2</SUB>·H<SUB>2</SUB>O]. This indicates a strong control by phosphate on the speciation of bioreduced U<SUP>IV</SUP>, expressed as inhibition of the typical formation of uraninite under phosphate-free conditions.</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/esthag/2013/esthag.2013.47.issue-11/es305258p/production/images/medium/es-2012-05258p_0006.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/es305258p'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Impact of alcohol consumption on quality of life and depressive mood in COPD patients; Analysis of data from Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2014 and 2016

( I Re Heo ),( Ho Cheol Kim ),( Jd Lee ),( Yy Jeong ),( Yg Choi ),( Seung Jun Lee ),( Jeong Wan You ),( Sun Mi Ju ),( Man Bong Heo ),( Jong Hwan Jeong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2020 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.128 No.-

Background The study was to investigate whether alcohol consumption may affect quality of life and depressive mood in COPD patients. Methods Population-based cross-sectional study was done and the data were obtained from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, which was conducted from 2014 and 2016. COPD was defined as a spirometry of forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.7 in adults aged > 40 years. Quality of life (QOL) was evaluated with European Quality of Life Questionnaire-5D (EQ-5D) index and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) assessed the severity of depressive mood. Alcohol consumption was founded on history of alcohol ingestion for a previous months. Propensity score matching was used to match subjects to reduce the effects of factors associated with QOL and depressive mood. Results Total 984 subjects with COPD (M; F=695; 289, age=65.8 ± 9.7) were enrolled. In alcohol consumer (n=525), EQ-5D index were significantly higher than in non-alcohol consumer (n=459) (0.94 ± 0.11 vs. 0.91 ± 0.13, p=0.002) and PHQ-9 were significantly lower than in non-alcohol consumer (2.15 ± 3.57 vs. 2.78 ± 4.13, p=0.013). However, multiple regression analysis showed that alcohol consumption was not associated EQ-5D index and PHQ-9. Body mass index ≥ 25, triglyceride ≥ 150, high density lipid cholesterol ≤ 50 in men and ≤ 40 in women and blood pressure ≥ 130/85 were significantly common in alcohol consumer than non-alcohol consumer (p=0.035, 0.001, 0.001 and 0.002, respectively). Conclusion In the study, alcohol consumption may not affect quality of life and depressive mood in COPD patients. However, it may associated with risk of metabolic syndrome.

결핵성 흉막염에서 항결핵제 치료 후의 잔여 흉막비후와 관련된 인자

이기만 ( I Gi Man ),안종준 ( An Jong Jun ),서광원 ( Seo Gwang Won ),박지현 ( Bak Ji Hyeon ),이미숙 ( I Mi Sug ),황재철 ( Hwang Jae Cheol ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2001 Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases Vol.50 No.5

The Presence of Borrelia valaisiana-Related Genospecies in Ticks and a Rodent in Taiwan

Chun-Man Huang,Hsi-Chieh Wang,Ying-Chun Lin,Shih-Hui Chiu,Ying-Shun Kao,Pei-Lung Lee,Hsiu-I Wang,Ruei-Chen Hung,Huang-I Chan,Ho-Sheng Wu,Chuen-Sheue Chiang,Jung-Jung Mu 한국미생물학회 2010 The journal of microbiology Vol.48 No.6

A field survey was conducted to investigate the presence of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) in six counties of Taiwan. Spirochetes were successfully isolated from one rodent ear sample out of 485 rodent ears and 53live, fed tick (Ixodes granulatus) samples. The spirochetes were confirmed to be B. burgdorferi s.l. by real-time PCR. In addition, 23 of 113 tick samples were tested positive for Borrelia DNA according to real-time PCR. The Borrelia isolate from the rodent and the 23 Borrelia DNA samples from the ticks were identified as B. valaisiana-related genospecies by phylogenetic analysis based on flagellin gene sequences. These findings suggest that the Borrelia valaisiana-related strains are maintained in a zoonotic cycle between tick vectors and reservoir hosts in Taiwan.

Heinrich Boll의 Roman << Ansichten eines Clowns >> 연구 - 주제와 관련된 인물을 중심으로 -

강만이 ( Man I Kang ) 한국독어독문학교육학회 1984 獨語敎育 Vol.2 No.-

日本中世における相続と身分 : 若狭国太良荘におけるー相論を事例に

万井良大(Yoshihiro Man-i) 동북아시아문화학회 2006 동북아시아문화학회 국제학술대회 발표자료집 Vol.- No.-

Among the samurai society in the middle ages, there were many of cases of tanin-yoshi which means adopting a person with no blood relation. Tanin-yoshi includes people of different social class, but there was a clear distinction between samurai and the lower classes as seen for example in the type of punishment meted out to members of each class. It is thus interesting to consider the issues of what happens when adopted children of different rank clash and, as an extension of this, how social rank itself can be defined. For that purpose, the case of a lawsuit over the territory of Tara-Manor in the Wakasa country (present western Fukui Prefecture) is very enlightening. The lord of that territory was a samurai named Ungen Niu. After his death, two people presented themselves as heirs to the territory. One is named Joren. He insists that he is an adopted son of Ungen. The other, who bears the name, Nakahara(given name unknown), insists that she is a daughter of the Ungen’s adopted son. So a dispute over inheritance arises between them. Joren is ‘hyakusho’ which is a class below the samurai, in control of less land. He himself and others around him admitted that he was hyakusho but he grandly speaks of Ungen as his ancestor. However, Nakahara has no problem with him being a hyakusho. Her only issue is whether or not he undertook the formal procedure to be adopted as a son of Ungen. In the course of the lawsuit, she is quoted as saying sarcastically, “He has only a hyakusho-myo (hyakusho land). So he has not associated with samurai, and therefore he doesn’t know samurai circumstances.” She implies that Joren is hyakusho because of having only a hyakusho-myo. From the above-mentioned, I conclude that there existed a legal principle that the person who manages a hyakusho-myo was deemed hyakusho, while a person who manages a ryoshu-myo (samurai land) was deemed samurai and therefore it is only after land succession is decided that the social class is in turn determined. Joren has already received a hyakusho-myo from someone else so he was considered to be a hyakusho. In Japan in the middle ages, pledges between married couples as wells as parents and children were connected by various bonds which transcended social class, and the society was more fluid than is generally imagined.