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Fuat Gu¨ zel,Hasan Sayg˘ılı,Gu¨ lbahar Akkaya Sayg˘ılı,Filiz Koyuncu 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.5
A new nanoporous carbon from tomato paste waste (TWNC) was prepared. The surface area, total pore volume, average pore diameter of TWNC was found as 722.17 m2 g-1, 0.476 cm3 g-1 and 2.644 nm, respectively. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration, ionic strength, contact time, and temperature were studied. Adsorption kinetics was found to be best represented by the pseudo second order model. Isotherm data were fitted well to the both Langmuir and Freundlich models. Maximum adsorption capacity was found as 68.97 mg g-1 at 50 ℃. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic.
Indium(III) 화합물의 Acetonitrile 과 DMAP 착물의 합성 및 특성
최철호,Choi, Zel Ho 대한화학회 1998 대한화학회지 Vol.42 No.2
Indium(III) trihalides (halogen=Cl, Br)와 bis(pentafluorophenyl)cadmiumd을 acetonitrile에서 반응시켜 acetonitrile이 배위된 tris(pentafluorophenyl)indium을 합성하였으며 원소분석, 핵자기 공명과 질량분석 스펙트럼을 이용하여 특성을 조사하였다. 그 결과 acetonitrile과 배위한 tris(pentafluorophenyl)indium는 pentafluorophenylindium화합물과 acetonitrile이 1:1로 배위된다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 또한 In$(C_6F_5)_3{\cdot} CH_3CN$과 DMAP(dimethylaminopyridine)를 dichloro methane 용매에서 리간드를 치환반응시켜 In$In(C_6F_5)_3{\cdot}DMAP$를 합성하였다. 리간드들의 치환은 acetonitrile보다 주개 성질이 강한 DMAP가 acetonitrile의 자리에 배위하는 것으로 생각된다. Tris(pentafluorophenyl)indium acetonitrile complexes have been prepared from the reaction of Indium trihalides (halogen=Cl, Br) and bis(pentafluorophenyl)cadmium in acetonitrile, and characterized by elementary analysis, $^13C{^1H}-,\; ^1H-\;and\; ^{19}F-NMR$ spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. The Indium (III) compounds were formed stable 1:1 adducts with acetonitrile. $In(C_6F_5)_3{\cdot}DMAP$ has been prepared from the ligand exchange reaction of In$(C_6F_5)_3 {\cdot} CH_3CN$ with DMAP in $CH_2Cl_2 {\cdot} DMAP$ has higher donating character and replaced the $CH_3CN$ through the ligand transfer reaction.
Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)indium(Ⅲ) 음이온 착물의 합성과 특성
최철호,Choi, Zel Ho 대한화학회 1999 대한화학회지 Vol.43 No.1
In($C_6F_5)_3{\cdot}D(D=CH_3CN$, O($C_2H_5)_2$)와 ($CH_3)_3SiC_6F_5$/CsF, $C_6F_5$MgBr 또는 Cd($C_6F_5)_2$을 반응시켜 [In($C_6F_5)_4$]- 음이온 화합물을 합성하였으나, 이들 indium(III) 음이온 화합물들은 온도에 민감하고 습기에 대해 불안정하다. 안정한 indium(III) 음이온 착물은 PNPCl(PNP=bis(triphenylphosphino)ammonium)과의 양이온 치환반응시켜 얻었으며, 관 크로마토 그래피를 이용하여 분리 정제하였다. 합성된 화합물의 특성은 핵자기 공명 분석법, 적외선 분광분석법, 분자량 측정, DTA/TG 그리고 원소분석법을 이용하여 조사하였다. The anionic complexes, [ln($C_6F_5)_4$]-, which are thermal and moisture sensitive, have been prepared by the reaction of In($C_6F_5)_3{\cdot}D(D=CH_3CN$, O($C_2H_5)_2$) with the system ($CH_3)_3SiC_6F_5$/CsF, $C_6F_5$MgBr or Cd($C_6F_5)_2$. The stable anionic indium(III) complexes are obtained through cation exchange with PNPCI ([PNP]= bis(triphenylphosphino)ammonium). The pure substance is obtained by column chromatography. These new anionic complexes are unambiguously identifed by NMR-spectroscopy, IR spectroscopy, molecular weight, DTA/TG and elemental analysis.
구리를 함유한 탄소소재의 납 및 카드뮴 분석에 관한 연구
최철호,Choi, Zel-Ho 한국결정성장학회 2010 韓國結晶成長學會誌 Vol.20 No.6
용매추출과 ICP-AES를 이용하여 구리와 탄소가 주성분인 탄소소재에 함유된 납 및 카드뮴을 정량하기 위한 조건을 연구하였다. 구리성분은 납 및 카드뮴 정량에 방해를 하므로 potassium cyanide로 masking한 다음 dithizone을 가하여 납 및 카드뮴을 Pb- 또는 Cd-dithizone 착물을 형성한 다음 chloroform으로 추출하여 측정하였다. 납 및 카드뮴에 대한 측정 회수율이 우수하였고, 방해를 일으키는 매질원소를 효율적으로 제거할 수 있었다. 납 및 카드뮴 화합물이 첨가된 시험기준 물질에 대한 용매추출시험에서 matrix의 영향을 받지 않고 정량하였다. Quantitative analytical condition for lead and cadmium in copper contained carbon materials using solvent extraction followed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry was studied. Copper contained carbon samples were dissolved by nitric acid-perchloric acid digestion. Lead and cadmium were determined after separation with KCN masked copper by an dithizone-chloroform solvent extraction. Recovery efficiency of analyte elements was satisfactory, and most of matrix elements causing interference could be effectively eliminated by the separation. Lead and cadmium were quantitatively determined without influence of sample matrix, by applying it procedure to artifact sample.
GC/MS를 이용한 폴리스타이렌 소재의 PCBs 정량분석 방법 개발
이재인(Jae in LEE),최기인(Gi In CHOI),최철호(Zel Ho CHOI),조훈식(Hun Sik CHO),최인석(In seok CHOI),이태규(Tai Kyu LEE) 한국생태공학회 2012 한국생태공학회지 Vol.3 No.1
A study on the determination method of PCBs(polychlorinated Biphenyls) content in polystyrene(PS) materials by GC/MS was performed. The toluene was selected for the extraction of PCBs in plastics and the best extraction time was 4 hours. The artifact materials produced from polystyrene with 2,2’,3,4,4’,5,5’-heptachlorobiphenyl standard solution were examined by homogeniety test. PCBs in average concentration of 118 mg/kg were quantitatively determined for the artifact materials by applying our procedure in interlaboratory comparison test.
Detailed Clinical Models: A Review
William Goossen,Anneke Goossen-Baremans,Michael van der Zel 대한의료정보학회 2010 Healthcare Informatics Research Vol.16 No.4
Objectives: Due to the increasing use of electronic patient records and other health care information technology, we see an increase in requests to utilize these data. A highly level of standardization is required during the gathering of these data in the clinical context in order to use it for analyses. Detailed Clinical Models (DCM) have been created toward this purpose and several initiatives have been implemented in various parts of the world to create standardized models. This paper presents a review of DCM. Methods: Two types of analyses are presented; one comparing DCM against health care information architectures and a second bottom up approach from concept analysis to representation. In addition core parts of the draft ISO standard 13972 on DCM are used such as clinician involvement, data element specification, modeling, meta information, and repository and governance. Results: Six initiatives were selected: Intermountain Healthcare, 13606/OpenEHR Archetypes,Clinical Templates, Clinical Contents Models, Health Level 7 templates, and Dutch Detailed Clinical Models. Each model selected was reviewed for their overall development, involvement of clinicians, use of data types, code bindings, expressing semantics, modeling, meta information, use of repository and governance. Conclusions: Using both a top down and bottom up approach to comparison reveals many commonalties and differences between initiatives. Important differences include the use of or lack of a reference model and expressiveness of models. Applying clinical data element standards facilitates the use of conceptual DCM models in different technical representations.