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人物畵에 의한 精神-身體障害兒의 精神病理的 診斷方法의 豫備的 硏究
金在恩,呂光應 이화여자대학교 한국문화연구원 1973 韓國文化硏究院 論叢 Vol.21 No.-
In the previous studies on the DAP test done in the States, Japan and Korea, there were found considerable possibilities and efficiencies of measuring intelligence of mentally retarded children. Many research papers have dealt with the possidility and validity of measuring personality characteristics and various clinical symptoms by the DAP test since 1926 when Goodenough first published a book concerning a systematic approach to the DAP test. This is the second paper dealing with the problem of measuring and diagnosing psycho-pathological symptoms of the psycho-physical disorders by the DAP test based on the protocols developed by Goodenough, Machover, Levy, Otomo etc. Data compiled for this study are the DAP test results processed by researchers and psychopathological diagnosis processed by psychiatrists. Subjects are from three institutions located in Taegu, N public primary school for mental retardation, S orphanage for exceptional children, and B private primary school for ,mental retardation. Their ages range are from 5:6 mos to 19:2 mos. According to the DAP test, their intelligence scores(I.S.) averaged 45 points for boys and 51 points for girls. Main syndromes of those subjects were classified into eight categories; that is, schizophrenia, comparatively pure feeblemindedness, epilepsy, language disorder, cerebral paralysis, general physical disorders, mongolism, and tubercular spinitis. Human figures drawn by those children were analyzed, first from the point of conceptual matural (intellectual standing), second, level of configuration, and third, presence or absence of a given part of body images. The results of the DAP testing of these eight pathological groups can be compiled as follows. 1. The intellectual standing of those exceptional children was inferred to be around 45-50 I.Q. score according to the DAP test norms which were standardized nationwide. 2. Generally, human figures of those exceptional chilfern are at the lower level of configuration and the strokes of their drawings are very unstable and their eye-hand coordination is very poor. 3. These exceptional children's human figures show various kinds of signs of disorders; general immaturity, immaturity of emotions, low intelligence, lack of self-control, lack of adjustability to environment, feeling of inferiority, introversion, etc.. 4. Overall observations of human figure drawn by exceptional children indicate the following general tendencies: (a) there are big differences in the "human" concepts among those symdrom groups. (b) Their "human" concepts coincidentally show comparatively well-balanced faces but show very poorly-balanced or deformed configuration in other parts or in total images. And their human figures are greatly differentiated in the other parts of body except the face. For example, comparatively clear presence of arms, legs, feet, trunk, but poor indication or complete lack of proportion and costume. 5. The tubercular spinitis characterizes the human figure as well-formed ones in comparison with other syndrom groups. 6. The schizophrenia characterizes the human figure most poorly among the eight syndrom groups. Their figures indicate only the presence of head, face contour, eyes, lips, legs, trunk but absence of all other parts of body. 7. Mongolism children characterize the human figure as showing distinguished head, ambiguous eyes, nose, and mouth, but complete lack of other parts of body. 8. Children of language disorders show almost the same degree of poor drawing of human figures as the schizophrenia. 9. Pure feebleminded children's human figures show almost the same level of configuration except clear head and eves as the schizophrenia and children of language disorders. 10. Epileptic children's drawings are differentiated in the point of showing distinguished presence of hair and arms which are lacking almost in other syndrom groups and their figures show clear head and eyes. 11. Children of physical disorders show clear presence of head, eyes, legs, arms, and trunk but clear absence of other parts of the body. 12. The cerebral paralysis characterizes the human figure as having a clear head only.
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