HWE 방법에 의한 CdSe 박막 성장과 광전기적 특성

신영진,홍광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,김택성,정태수,신용진,이관교,김혜숙,정준우,정경아 한국센서학회 1997 센서학회지 Vol.6 No.4

The CdSe thin films were grown on the Si(100) wafers by a hot wall epitaxy method (HWE). The source and substrate temperature are 600� and 430 respectively. The crystalline structure of epilayers was investigated by double crystal X-ray diffraction(DCXD). Hall effect on the sample was measured by the van der Pauw method and studied on the carrier density and mobility dependence on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was increased in the temperature range 30K to 150K by impurity scattering and decreased in the temperature range 150K to 293K by the lattice scattering. In order to explore the applicability as a photoconductive cell, we measured the sensitivity(γ), the ratio of photocurrent to darkcurrent(pc/dc), maximum allowable power dissipation(MAPD), spectral response and response time. The results indicated that the photoconductive characteristic were the best for the samples annealed in Cu vapor compare with in Cd, Se, air and vacuum vapour. Then we obtained the sensitivity of 0.99, the value of pc/dc of 1.39 X 10^7, the MAPD of 335mW, and the rise and decay time of l0ms and 9.5ms, respectively

Chemical Bath Deposition 방법으로 제작한 CdSe 박마의 특성

신영진,홍광준,이상열,유상하,서상석,문종대,신현길,김택성,송정훈,유기수,정태수 한국센서학회 1993 센서학회지 Vol.2 No.1

Polycrystalline CdSe thin films were grown on ceramic substrate using a chemical bath deposition (CBD) method. They were annealed at various temperature and X-ray diffraction patterns were measured by X-ray diffractometer in order to study CdSe polycrystal structure. Using extrapolation method of X-ray diffraction patterns for the CdSe samples annealed in N₂ gas at 450℃ it was found hexagonal structure whose lattice parameters a_o and c_o were 4.302 A and 7.014 A, respectively. Its grain size was about 0.3 ㎛. Hall effect on this sample was measured by Van der Pauw method and studied on carrier density and mobility depending on temperature. From Hall data, the mobility was likely to be decreased by piezo electric scattering at temperature range of 33 K and 200 K, and by polar optical scattering at temperature range of 200 K and 293 K. We measured also spectral response, sensitivity (γ), maximum allowable power dissipation and response time on these samples.

구속전단가공 (ECAP) 한 Al 합금의 미세조직

문인기,고흥석,장준연,최성규 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.12

The study is an attempt to understand the basic characteristics of ECAP(Equal Channel Angular Pressing) which gives large shear deformation without any change in the dimension of material. Microstructure comparison was performed between pure Al and Al-7 wt% Si alloys after the ECAP. Emphasis was put on the microstructural change of Al-Si alloys consisting of two phase (primary Al + eutectic Si) where eutectic Si appears different shape and size depending on the modification. The pressing leads to the development of subgrain bands of Al and the fracture of unmodified eutectic Si. The eutectic Si may form dislocation tangles by acting as an obstacle to movement of dislocation, which can be proved with the location of eutectic Si on recrystallized grain boundary. It is obvious that ECAP results in a fine grain structure in Al-Si alloy without decohesion between Al matrix and eutectic Si.

고강도 오세템퍼주강의 기계적성질에 미치는 열처리 영향

문원진,김효정,김익수,강창용,이종남,박성부 한국열처리공학회 1998 熱處理工學會誌 Vol.11 No.4

The study was investigated on the effect of austenitiaing and austempering conditions on retained austenite amount and carbon contents in retained austenite and simultaneously the effect of these variation on hardness, tensile and impact properties. A material of as-cast condition is composed of bull's eye structure with ferrite surrounding spheroidized graphite having about 5-10㎛ size and matrix structure of pearlite. Then, the contents of spheroidized graphite was about 5%. The retained austenite and carbon contents in the retained austenite were increased with the increasing of austenitizing and austempering temperatures, while the retained austenite showed the peak value and is decreased with increasing of austempering time. With increasing of austenitizing temperature, tensile strength, elongation and impact absorb energy increased and hardness was almost not changed, while with increasing of austempering temperature, tensile strength and hardness decreased, whereas elongation and impact absorb energy was increased. With increasing of retained austenite amount, the tensile strength is slowly decreased but elongation was increased with direct proportion. Also, Impact absorb energy is shown identity value untile about 18%, but rapidly increased above it. Elongation and Impact absorb energy are strongly controlled by the amount of retained austenite, but tensile strength is affected with various factors such as retained austenite amount and bainitic morphology.

구속전단가공법 (ECAP) 에서 전단변형 특성

문인기,고흥석,장준연,최성규 대한금속재료학회(대한금속학회) 1999 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.37 No.4

The study focuses on the basic deformation mechanism of ECAP (Equal Channel Angular Pressing) which gives a large shear deformation without change in the reduction of area. A model deformation in which a plasticine is pressed through a transparent die shows a typical shear deformation in detail. ECAP was performed on a commercial pure aluminum and an Al-7%Si alloy in order to investigate the change in the microstructure after ECAP. Friction force between specimen and die acts to prevent uniform shear deformation of a specimen. ECAP significantly reduces grain size of both aluminum alloys below the order of micronmeter by giving a large shear deformation, which provides a new method for grain refinement. A drastic increase in the yield strength combined with a small increase in the strain hardening is observed in both ECA pressed aluminum alloys. The ECAP is believed to be very effective in the grain refinement.

저 헤모그로빈 환자의 수혈거부에 대한 증례보고

박영철,박경숙,문숙희,김순점,길찬일,신정순 대한마취과학회 1982 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.15 No.3

Jehovah's Witness patients who require an operation represent a challenge to the physician because of the patients' refusal to accept a blood transfusion. We report 5 years experience with a consecutive series of 12 Jehovah's Witness patients in the Obstetric & Gynecological department who underwent operation. In 12 cases, death ensued in one patient who underwent subtotal hysterectomy for ectopic pregnancy. The cause of death was severe anemia & complicated respiratory problems. We discussed the problem of elective & emergency operations on Jehovah's Witness patients. Anesthesiologists must understand legal aspects, as well as and ethical, if they are to conduct their practice as an art as well as science.

전신마취후 발생한 좌수 혈전성괴저

한민환,김정기,정태형,문영삼 대한마취과학회 1976 Korean Journal of Anesthesiology Vol.9 No.2

A 64-year-old female with earcinoma of esophagogastic junction developed gangrene of left arm after esophagogastrectomy to require amputation of the arm. The pateint had no known cardiac disorder before the operation but showed marked arrhythmia during the procedure. The general anesthesia was carried out with penthothal-succinylcholine induction and maintenance with N2O-O2-halothane.

MANNOPROTEIN 과 GLUCAN 의 첨가가 쥐의 성장과 NATURAL KILLER CELL ACTIVITY 에 미치는 영향

손광수,조광근,최윤재,윤연화,김재영,한영근,문태현,김성찬 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 효모 세포벽, 또는 효모의 세포벽으로부터 본 연구에서 확립한 방법으로 분리한 mannoprotein(MP)과 glucan(Glu)을 동물에 급여하므로써 동물의 일당중체량, 일당사료섭취량과 사료:중체량의 비율, 그리고 동물이 가지고 있는 면역기능의 활성화정도를 조사하는데 있다. 산업적 측면에서 대량 추출하기 위하여 기존에 있는 방법을 개선하여 변형된 방법으로 효모세포벽제제를 분리하였다. 본 연구에서 분리된 효모세포벽제제(cell wall, mannoprotein glucan)와 시판중인 효모세포벽제제(Bio-Mos^(TM))를 0.1%로 4주령 횐쥐에 4주간 급여하였다. 일당중체량은 개선된 방법으로 분리한 glucan을 급여한 처리구에서 가장 높은 중체량을 나타냈으며, 다음으로 mannoprotein 급여구가 높았으며 cell wall과 시제품(Bio-Mos^(TM)) 급여구에서 낮은 중체량을 보였다. 일당사료섭취량에 있어서 glucan 급여구가 cell wall과 시제품 급여구들과 비교할 때 높았으며 사료:중체량 비율 또한 glucan 급여구에서 가장 좋은 경향을 보였다. 사양 4주깨 횐쥐로부터 spleen을 채취하여 YACl 세포에 대한 natural killer cell의 cytotoxicity를 분석한 결과 본 실험실에서 분리한 mannoprotein과 glucan이 면역 증진효과가 큰것으로 보였다. Mannoprotein 급여구와 glucan 급여구에서 대조구와 cell wall 급여구보다 면역 효과가 뚜렷하게 나타났으며(MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), mannoprotein 급여구가 glucan 급여구보다 natural killer cell의 활성도가 높았다(P<0.01). 결론적으로 효모세포벽, mannoprotein과 glucan을 횐쥐에 급여했을 때 성장능력에 있어서 유의성 있는 효과가 나타나지 않았지만 세포배양수준에서 spleen natural killer cell의 activity를 증가시키는 효과가 있다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the average daily gam, average daily feed intake, feed gain ratio and immune system activation of rats when feeding yeast cell wall, mannoprotein (MP) and glucan (Glu) which were isolated from yeast cell wall. In order to isolate the yeast cell wall products in large scale, we used the improved isolation method basing on the typical one. In this study, yeast cell wall products (cell wall, mannoprotein, glucan) and commercial product (Bio-Mos^(TM)) were fed to 4-week old rats by 0.l% during 4 weeks experimental period. Glucan(extracted from improved method) provided the highest average daily gain. Mannoprotein treated group showed the second highest average daily gain. Cell wall and Bia-Mos^(TM) fed groups showed lower average daily gain. Treatment fed glucan also showed higher average daily feed intake than that of cell wall and commercial Bio-Mos^(TM) groups. And in feed: gain ratio, glucan fed rats showed the respectively good results. At the 4th week of feeding trial, rats' spleens were obtained from all the treatments to evaluate the cytotoxicity of natural killer cell against YACl tumor cell. The results indicated that mannoprotein and glucan had the significant effects on activating immune system. Rats of mannoprotein and glucan treated groups showed the higher immune activity than that of cell wall and control groups (MP, P<0.01; Glu, P<0.05), and natural killer cell activity of mannoprotein fed rats was higher than that of glucan fed rats (P<0.01). In conclusion, although the addition of yeast cell wall, mannoprotein and glucan to the diet of rats did not provide the significant effects on growth performance, it was clear that the mannoprotein and glucan isolated in this study could stimulate the activity of spleen natural killer cell in the cell culture.

효모 세포벽으로부터 MANNOPROTEIN 과 β-GLUCAN 의 분리

조광근,최윤재,윤연화,문태현,김성찬,복진덕 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.6

본 연구는 효모 세포벽으로부터 manoprotein과 β-glucan을 분리하는 방법을 확립하기 위하여 실시하였다. 효모로부터 분리된 manoprotein과 β-glucan은 동물의 면역기능을 강화시키는 기능성 가축용 면역증강제로 개발하기 위한 목적을 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 목적을 달성하기 위하여 알칼리 추출 원리에 근거한 Catley의 방법 (Yeast, a practical approach, 1988, edited by Campbell and Duffus, IRL Press)을 변형하여 사용하였으며, 효모의 처리는 파쇄한 것과 파쇄하지 않은 것을 이용하여 manoprotein, β-glucan 및 protein 함량과 순도를 조사하였다. 세포건물로부터 추출된 세포벽 함량은 파쇄한 세포와 파쇄하지 않은 세포에서 각각 15.4%와 28.8%로 나타났으며, mannan의 함량은 파쇄하지 않을 경우 단백질을 제외한 mannan의 함량이 28.5%, 파쇄할 경우 52%로 나타나 mannoprotein은 파쇄된 효모에서 높은 추출율을 보였다. 효모세포벽으로 부터 추출된 mannan 순도에 있어서 파쇄된 효모와 파쇄되지 않은 효모에서 각각 97.6%와 77.6%로 나타나 파쇄할 경우 mannan의 추출 순도를 높이는 효과를 보였다. 그러나 glucan 추출율에 있어서는 파쇄할 경우와 파쇄하지 않은 경우 7.2%와 18.2%로 나타나 파쇄하지 않을 경우 추출율이 높게 나타난 경향을 보였으며, glucan의 순도는 70.8%와 71.7%로 비슷한 결과를 나타내었다. 따라서 본 연구에서 확립한 방법은 알칼리 용해성 glucan을 제외하였으므로 실제로 분리할 수 있는 glucan의 함량은 더 높을 것으로 생각된다. 결론적으로 본 연구에서 확립한 방법은 효모 세포벽으로부터 mannoprotein을 분리할 수 있는 효과적인 방법이라고 생각된다. In this study the extraction method of both mannoprotein and β-glucan was established from yeast cell wall fractions. From this method, both mannoprotein and β -glucan was used as an immune potentiator for domestic animals by activating the overall immune activity. Both mannoprotein and β-glucan were extracted from yeast cell wall fractions or total cell using basically Catley's method (Yeast, a practical approach, 1988, edited by Campbell and Duffus, IRL Press) with minor modification and simplification to be fit into an industrial application. With our modified extraction method. the extractable cell wall contents from mechanically broken cells and unbroken cells were 15.4% and 28.8%, respectively. Mannan contents of cell wall fractions from unbroken and broken cells were 28.5% and 52%, respectively, showing much higher extraction efficiency when the yeast cells were mechanically broken. Mannan contents extracted from cell wall fractions from unbroken and broken cells were 77.4% and 97.6%, respectively. For a higher purity of mannan, thus, it is necessary to break up the yeast cells. On the other hand, the extraction of glucan moiety was obtained 18.2% and 7.2% extraction rates from the cell wall preparation of unbroken and broken yeast cells, respectively, with similar sample purity in both samples (71.7%, 70.8%). In this study, alkali-extractable glucan was not included in the extraction process for the sake of simplicity necessary for the industrial application. However if this step is included in our modified protocol, the glucan yield will be significantly increased. In conclusion, the mannoprotein extraction method from yeast cell wall established in this study may be very effective and applicable in the industrial scale.

재래산양에 의한 요소 및 암모니아처리 볏짚과 황산병용처리 볏짚의 증체량 , 사료섭취량 및 경제성

고영두,유성오,문승식 한국영양사료학회 1999 韓國營養飼料學會誌 Vol.23 No.3

본 시험은 볏짚의 수분 함량을 30%로 조절하여 농업용 요소 6%를 수용액 상태로 처리한 요소처리 및 짚과 암모니아가스 3%를 처리한 암모니아처리 볏짚을 밀봉상태로 45일간 보관한 후 개봉하여 이들 처리볏짚의 1/2에 해당하는 양에 농황산 2.2%을 처리하여 요소-황산병용처리 및 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚을 제조하여 화학적 조성을 분석하고, 사양효과를 구명하기 위하여 평균체중 8.77㎏의 재래산양(♀ : 16두, ♂ : 16두) 총 32두를 이용하여 사양 시험을 실시한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 90일간의 총 증체량과 일당 증체량은 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚이 3.45㎏ 및 38.28g으로서 타처리 볏짚보다 높은 경향을 나타내었다. 2. 사료요구율은 암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚이 7.62로서 타처리 볏짚에 비하여 현저히 낮아 요소처리, 암모니아처리 및 요소-항산병용처리 볏짚보다 약 41, 15 및 17%가 낮았다(P<0.05). 3. 경제성에 있어서 1kg 증체에 소요되는 사료비는 요소처리>요소-황산병용처리>암모니아처리>암모니아-황산병용처리 볏짚순으로 높았다. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of two phase treatments of urea-sulfuric acid and ammonia (NH₃)-sulfuric acid combination on feed value of rice straw as ruminant feedstuff. Rice straw was treated with 6% urea (W/DM) or 3% ammonia (W/DM) for at least 45 days and further with sulfuric acid for overnight to complete the combination treatments. The treated rice straw was then sun-dried, and the chemical composition of the treated rice straw was analyzed. Also, 32 of Korean native goats (average weight about 8.77㎏) were used for the feeding trial. The treatments included ureatreated, ammonia-treated, urea·H₂SO₄ combination-treated and ammonia·H₂SO₄ combination-treated rice straw. The results are as follows 1. Total weight gain and daily gain for 90 days of goats fed ammonia·H₂SO₄combination-treated rice straw (3.45㎏ and 38.28g, respectively) were slightly increased than those fed other treatments. 2. Feed conversion rate of ammonia·H₂SO₄ combination-treated rice straw was lowest (7.62) among the groups. 3. Feed cost per ㎏ body weight gain was lowest in urea-treated with following by urea·H₂SO₄ combination-treated, ammonia-treated and ammonia·H₂SO₄combination-treated rice straw.