韓國의 朱子學 受容과 그 展開에 關한 論究 : 主로 麗末鮮初를 中心으로 Mainly the last era of Koryo and the first one of Chosun

金益洙 건국대학교 1981 論文集 Vol.13 No.1

Neo-Confucianism can be called "physical science" or "ethics". This eventually means the philosophyical system of confucianism which was commenced by confucius. Infact, Neo-Confucianism suggested the theory of Neo-Confucianism to that of confucius and Mencius. The major reason for the Neo-Confucianism in "Song" of China lies in the following two factors; one is external element of political and social causes and the other internal element of ideological causes. The formation of Neo-Confucianism in the era of "Song" was much influenced by Buddhism and Taoism and yet was integrated the establishment of independence in the sense of Confucianism. When we take a close look at the process of Neo·Confucianism formation in the era of "Song", "Ch'i; material force" theory by such individuals as "Chou Lie Chi, and Chang Heng Ch'u" is first and "Li, principle by Ch'eng I Ch'uan" and "Chu Hsi" (1130-1200) came into being next, and "Hsin Hsu¨en" by "Lu Hsiang Shan" and Yang Tzu-Hu was followed. This study in going to take a good look at the formation and development of Neo-Confucianism in Korea. (1) The formation of Neo-Confucianism in the later era of Koryo Dynasty. Since the King "Ch'ungnyoˇl"(the 25th King of Koryo 1275-1308), Neo-Confucianism was studied and understood firstly by "An Hyang" (1243-1306) and then by "Baek Yi Chung", "Wau Tak", "Kwuen Boo", Lee Je Hyun", "Yi Saek" and "Chong Mong Chu". The characteristics of confucianism of Koryo era can be seen in the parley among confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, but after that the Neo-Confucanism was accepted and recongnized and in the mean time Taoism and Buddhism were being rejected. Shortly after this, new learning began coming up with influence by Taoism of "North Song" and Chutzuism (Chinese Dualistic Philosophy) of "South Song". There were two classes of Confucianist at the later era of Koryo Dynasty; one who studied in Peking of "Yu¨an" and the other who studied in Nanking of "Ming". And those who studied in "Yu¨an" got the knowledge both on Neo·Confucianism and literal sentences, and on the other hand rising scholars such as "Chong Mong Chu" (1337-1392), "Chong To Chien" (1342-1398) and Kwon Kuen (1352-1409) firstly formed Neo-Confucianism in our country. Especially, "Chong Mong Chu" not only occupied a form position in Korean history on Confucianism but also he was called as the Father of Korean Neo-Confucanism and "Kil Jae" (1352-1419) is renouned for the fidelity to his principle. (2) The formation and development of Neo-Confucianism in the early era of "Yi Dynasty". After Koryo Dynasty came to an end, "Yi Dynasty" began to develop the conversion of ideology; admiring for Confucianism and rejecting Buddhism. Consequently, the Confucianists of "Yi Dynasty" could set up new type of learning based on faithful, rational and moral thoughts for the formation of Neo-Confucianism. But in Korea Neo-Confucianism and Taoism are distinguished from each other. The learning and spirits of "Chong Mong Chu" at the later era of Koryo Dynasty were handed down developing to "Kil Jae", to "Kim Sook Cha" (1398-1456), to his son "Kim Kuing Pil" (1454-1504), to "Chong Yeo Chang" (1450-1504), and handed down from "Kim Kuing Pil" to "Cho Kwang Cho" (1482-1519) this sort of scholastic mantle may be regarded as a real vein of Korean Neo-Confucianism.

녹동균 세포외막 단백질 백신 CFC-1-101의 안정성 및 면역원성 검토 : 임상 제 Ⅰ/Ⅱa상 시험

장인진,김익상,유경상,임동석,김형기,신상구,장우현,박완제,이나경,정상보,안동호,조양제,안보영,이윤하,김영지,남성우,김현수 대한감염학회 1998 감염 Vol.30 No.3

목적 : 제일제당에서는 녹농균의 세포외막 단밸질을 유효성분으로 하는 백신인 CFC-101을 개발하였으며, 동물시험에서 이 백신의 안전성과 유효성을 입증하였다. 본 연구에서는 이 녹농균 백신의 인체에 대한 안전성과 면역원성을 평가하는 동시에 인체 접종시의 최적 투여 용량을 결정하기 위하여 제 I/Ⅱa상 임상시험을 수행하였다. 방법 : 건강한 성인 남자를 피험자로 선별하여 각 용량군에 백신투여자 6명, 위약투여자 2명을 배정하였다. 백신 투여군은 0.25mg, 0.5mg 또는 1.0mg 용량의 녹농균 백신을 7일 간격으로 3회에 걸쳐 근육주사 하였으며, 위약 투여군에게는 세포외막 단백질을 제외한 동일한 성분을 투여하였다. 백신접종 후 국소적 또는 전신적인 반응의 발생여부를 관찰하고, 혈액시료를 체취하여 백신의 역가와 유효성을 검정하였다. 결과 : 녹농균 백신 CFC-101은 모든 접종자에서 양호한 내약성을 보였다. 또한 0.5mg 과 1.0mg 백신 투여군에서는 100%의 항체양전율을 나타내었다. 생성된 항체는 녹농균 세포외막단백질에 특이성을 보였고, 녹농균 감염에 대해 방어효능이 있었다. 결론 : 이와같은 결과로부터 이 녹농균 백신은 인체에 안전하게 투여할 수 있으며, 높은 항체 생성능으로 감염방어 효능을 보이고 0.5mg과 1.0mg이 최적용량인 것으로 판단되었다. Background : We developed a Pseudomonas aeruginosa outer membrane protein(OMP) vaccine CFC-101, and the prophylactic efficacy of which has been demonstrated in animal models. In order to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the P. aeruginosa vaccine, we carried out a phase I/Ⅱa clinical trial in healthy male volunteers. Methods : Groups of eight volunteers, including two placebo subjects, were vaccinated intramuscularly with three doses of 0.25, 0.5 or 1.0 mg of the vaccine at one week intervals. Sings of systemic and local reactions observed after vaccination were recorded for each vaccinee for 5 days. Physical examinations were performed on days 0, 1, 7, 8, 14, 15, 21, and 42, and clinical laboratory tests were done on days 0, 3, and 21. Blood samples for assay of serum antibody levels were obtained up to 42 days after the first vaccination. Results : The vaccine was generally well tolerated by all vaccinees, showing no significant side effects. In the three dosage groups, all vaccinees, except one receiving the 0.25 mg dose, showed significant elevation in serum IgG antibody titers against the vaccine proteins, indicating 100% seroconversion in 0.5 and 1.0 mg groups. The human antibodies induced by the vaccine were specific for P. aeruginosa OMPs, as confirmed by western blot analysis and immunoprecipitation assays. The capacity of the human antisera to enhance opsonophagocytic killing activity by polymorphonuclear leukocytes and to confer protection against P. aeruginosa infections indicates that the antibodies elicited by the vaccine have protective efficacy. Conclusion : We conclude that the P. aeruginosa OMP vaccine is safe and effective for human use and its optimal dose to be 0.5 or 1.0 mg.

빌라조경 설계사례에 관한 연구 : Case Study of Jang-chung Dong Villa

김동찬,이윤수,유재설,박익수,임동민,임상재 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 1998 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.1 No.1

The goal of this study is to propose a plan for the Jang-Chung Dong Villa. This Villa is located on Jang-Chung Dong Jung-Gu, Seoul. And, this place is where high-class residential area. This Site area covers about 1925.6m². This base idea of this plan is to provide a community of dwelling houses with identity and amenity in outdoor spaces in order to create the high-class environment of outdoor spaces. Design principles are established as follow; to make spaces for flexibility in the garden related activities, to provide many chances to contact with nature, and to feel pride in the villa life.

경안천 중심으로 한 하천자연도 평가

김동찬,박익수 경희대학교 디자인연구원 2004 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.7 No.1

The purpose of this is to evaluate Kyungan Stream Naturalness Index(S.N.I). and to find out stats, problems and opportunities of the Kyungan stream by assessment standard. Assessment standard is mainly based on physical structure of stream environment. The purpose evaluating sectors and elements are physical form and structure restoration of stream. To find out assessment standard of stream naturalness index, conceptual frame of assessment standard has been established, for which four sections, for example, longitudinal section, lateral section, stream bottom structure and water environment, have been selected. Overall stream naturalness index of the Kyungan stream has been distributed at 3rd to 4th grade, and its assessment index accounted for 3.1 to be 3rd grade, and its mode also did 3rd grade. Stream naturalness index of each section was as follows: Longitudinal section index accounted for 3.2 to be 3rd grade, and stream bottom structure index did 3.1 to be 3rd grade, and water environment did 2.6 to be 2nd grade. Analysis of assessment outcome of stream naturalness index has checked status, Problems and opportunities of corresponding stream. Assessment of stream naturalness index of the study provides useful information for restoration of close-to-nature stream, and furthermore has its meaning in checking problems and opportunities of Kyungan stream.

DC-DC Converter의 效率特性

김수식,조준익 群山大學校 情報通信技術硏究所 1998 情報通信技術硏究論文集 Vol.2 No.-

There is necessity for doing that high frequency switching to a small size and light weight devices for switching source on the DC-DC converter. we should be require examination and have discussed on this program for long time. For leakage inductance of transformer coil in high frequency circuit, in case of switching the evil effects attendant upon being excessive low voltage and large current have unexpected attack by changing current that switching losses and surge voltage losses have occurred. therefore, we have take care of semiconductor sw from this surge voltage and to protect the noise power generated particularly. In this paper we tried to obtained good condition about repress effect of surge voltage by construction of simple circuit and make satisfactory progress none-loss of zero voltage switching. we have research to clear away every obstacles by measurement immediately and the characteristics of the high degree of efficiency for DC-DC converter driving.

사상체질에 따른 류마티스 관절염 환자 대조군 연구

김수영,이상훈,이현종,이두익,이윤호,이재동 WHO COLLABORATING CENTRE FOR TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2004 東西醫學硏究所 論文集 Vol.2004 No.-

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine the susceptibility of the patients diagnosed by rheumatoid arthritis to Sasang Typology. Methods: This study are planned to detect the susceptibility of the patients diagnosed by rheumatoid arthritis to Sasang Typology. In order to analyze the susceptibility of rheumatoid arthritis to Sasang Typology, 147 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 147 matched controls are assessed with QSCCⅡ question for Sasang Typology. Then the frequencies of patients by Sasang constitution are compared to those of control, which are statistically analyzed and adjusted by age, sex, smoking status, alchol intake, BMI, and economic status. Results: The demographic characteristics of the study population are similar in sex and age distribution, smoking status, and alcohol intake(p>0.05). 147 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 147 matched controls are assessed with QSCCⅡ question for Sasang constitution. Soeumin is die most susceptible to rheumatoid arthritis compared to Taeumin or Soyangin(Crude OR [95% Cl] ; 3.82 [2.19-6.64]). lt is statistically significant after adjusting age, sex, smoking status, alcohol intake, BMI, and economic status(Adjusted OR [95% Cl] ; 3.01 [1.47-6.15]). Conclusions: lt is suggested that the specific Sasang Typology associated with rheumatoid arthritis is used as its susceptibility marker and further as basic date to prevent the risk factors for rheumatoid arthritis.

대학캠퍼스내 스타디움 주변지역의 조경계획에 관한 연구 : 경희대학교 수원캠퍼스를 중심으로

김동찬,김선영,성현지,박익수,임동민,임상재 경희대학교 부설 디자인연구원 1998 예술· 디자인학연구 Vol.1 No.1

Today, Suwon campus face circulation and open space problem, especially the spaces in front of Gooksugun, Stadium, and Multimedia Center. In order to solve this problem, therefore we need a rational and organic landscape planning. This plan aims to offer an open spaces which is for comfortable activities as well as better campus landscape. This open space will provide a systematic relationship between individual outdoor space.

T1계 고온초전도체용 {113}<121>집합조직 Ag 기판

김수영,정대영,시게오호리우찌,정우창,조경목,박익민 대한금속ᆞ재료학회 2006 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.44 No.3

일반향 응고법에 의한 InP 결정 육성

김호건,정익수 漢陽大學校 基礎科學硏究所 1993 基礎科學論文集 Vol.12 No.-

일방향 응고법(unidirectional solidification)에 의하여 Ⅲ-V족 화합물 반도체인 InP결정을 육성한 후 결정육성을 위한 기초적 조건을 연구하고 합성된 InP의 전기적 특성을 조사하였다. 길이 50cm의 석영관을 준비하고 석영관의 밑바닥에 인(phosphorus)을 넣고 석영관의 하단으로 부터 15cm윗부분에 인듐금속이 들어있는 석영crucible을 장착하고 석영관 내부의 압력이 10-5torr가 되도록 유지한 후 밀봉하였다. 석영관 밑바닥에 들어있는 P를 450℃의 온도에서 승화시켜 crucible내에 녹아있는 인듐금속에 diffusion되도록 하여 InP조성을 만든 후 시간당 2∼5℃/h의 속도로 서냉시켜 결정을 육성하였다. 육성된 결정에 대하여 X선회절분석과 배면 Laue반사법을 이용하여 InP합성의 여부 및 단결정성을 확인하였고 Van der Pauw법을 이용하여 온도의 변화에 따른 electron mobility, 비저항 등의 전기적 성질을 측정하였다. 각 조건에서 합성된 물질은 InP였으며 주로(111)방향으로 성장하였다. 융액의 냉각속도를 5℃/h이상 비교적 빠르게 했을때는 조성적 과냉각에 의하여 단결정성이 좋지않았으며 2℃/h의 비교적 느린 속도로 결정을 육성하였을때 비교적 양질의 결정을 육성할 수 있었다. XRD분석 및 광학 현미경을 이용한 미세구조 관찰 결과 초기 냉각부분(first freeze portion)인 ingot의 하단에서 후기 냉각부분인 ingot의 상단으로 갈수록 단결정성이 좋은 것으로 밝혀졌다. 전기적 성질을 알아보기 위해서 Hall effet를 측정한 결과 InP결정은 n형 반도체임이 확인되었고 150K∼300K의 온도범위에서 carrier의 농도는 1015∼??이었고 carrier의 이동도는 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였으며 그 값은 30X10³∼2×10³㎠/Vsec의 범위였다. Ⅲ-V group compound semiconducter, InP crystal, was prepared by unidirectional solidification method and the fundamental conditions for crystal growth were investigated. Phosphorous (P) powders (99.999% purity) were put into the bottom of a quartz ampule. A quartz crucible charged with Indium metal(99.99% purity) was attached at the upper side in the quartz ampule. The quartz ampule containing quartz crucible was made vacuous under the pressure of 10-5 torr and sealed up. Indium(In) metals in the quartz crucible were melted at 1070℃ and sublimed phosphorous vapors were diffused in Indium melt unidirectionally so that the melt of InP composition was formed from the lower part to the upper part in the quartz crucible. By cooling the InP composition melt, crystal were grown. The grown crystals were characterized by X-ray and microstructure observation under the polarized optical microscope and electrical properties of crystals were measured by Van der Pauw method. The ingots obtained at various cooling rate were identified as InP crystals which had the main growing direction of <111>by the X-ray analysis. The InP single crystals were obtained upper side of the ingot at slow cooling rate of melt. It was found that the InP crystals were n-type semiconducter, that the concentration and mobility of carrier were 1015∼1016/cm-3 and 30X10³∼2×10³㎠/V·sec, respectively.

초음파 비선형 음향 효과 및 X-선 회절법을 이용한 2.25Cr-1Mo 강의 열화 손상 평가

김덕희,박은수,박익근,변재원,권숙인 한국산업안전학회 2002 한국안전학회지 Vol.17 No.4

It was attempted to evaluate the degree of degradation of thermally aged 2.25-1Mo steel by ultrasonic nonlinear parameter(UNP) measurement and X-ray diffraction analysis of extracted carbide. Artificial aging was performed to simulate the microstructural degradation in 2.25Cr-1Mo steel arising from long time exposure at 540℃. Microstructural analysis (number of carbides per unit area) and measurements of mechanical properties(Vickers hardness, DBTT) and degradation evaluation parameters(UNP and intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peak of electrolytically extracted carbied) were performed. Both of UNP and intensity ratio of X-ray diffraction peak for M6C carbied to that of M23C6 carbied(IR) increased abruptly in the initial 100 hour of aging and then changed little. UNP and IR were proposed as potential parameters to evaluate the degree of aging degradation of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel.