간호실무에서 신봉이론(Espoused theories)에 대한 탐색적 연구

서문자,김혜숙,이은희,박영숙,조경숙,강현숙,임난영,김주현,이소우,조복희,이명하,지성애,하양숙,손영희,권성복,김희진,추진아 성인간호학회 2001 성인간호학회지 Vol.13 No.1

As a nursing practice involves nurses' actions in a specific context of health care, this study has focused on exploring the espoused theories in nursing practice within the action science perspectives, Espoused theories are the belief, principles, and rationale expressed by the practitioner as guiding her/his actions in a situation of practice. The data were analysed qualitatively and 25 elements of espoused theories of nursing action were identified and clustered into 6 categories. The 25 elements of espoused theories are as follows: The clinical nurse worked in wholistic and individual nursing, focussed on the patient's needed, comfort and supportive nursing (5 theories of nursing goal) ; excellent skills, knowledge based, assessment and data collection, explaining, educating or a scientific basis(6 theories of nursing intervention): advocacy, value oriented, treatment, account- ability and commitment(4 theories of nursing ethics) ; human respect. partnership, trust(3 theories of patient-nurse relationship) : knowledgable, accumulated clinical experiences and personally lived experiences. positive perspectives(4 theories of nurse), role of intervention. rewarding peer relationship(3 theories of situations) The above mentioned espoused theories are similar to that of nursing textbooks which students learned through basic nursing education and almost the same as the Acts ofa Nurse in Korean. However, we are doubtful whether nurses actually do as they think. Therefore. it is recommended to review the theories-in-use in order to and any discrepancies between the espoused theories and the reality of nursing actions

수지침요법이 중학생의 복통 완화에 미치는 효과

강현숙 ( Kyoul Ja Cho ),조결자 ( Hyun Sook Kang ) 경희대학교 동서간호학연구소 2007 동서간호학연구지 Vol.13 No.1

본 연구는 10-12세 사이에서 가장 빈도가 높은 복통(Oh, 1996)의 구급처치 방안으로 수지침이 효과적인지 확인하기 위해 시도하였다. 수지침요법은 손을 몸의 축소판으로 생각하여 수지 안에는 인체의 내장이 있고, 14경맥이 있으므로 이를 자극하여 치료 하는 자극요법으로 수지침요법은 상응점에 가는 침(needle)으로 1mm 깊이의 자극을 주어 치료하는 것을 말한다. 수지침과 같은 상응요법은 수지의 신체 해당부위(상응부)에서 과민 반응점(상응점)이 나타나는 부위에 자극을 주는 방법을 말하므로 수지 안에 있는 복통 상응점을 자극하면 통증이 감소된다(Yoo, 2001). 뿐만 아니라, 수지침은 약물 남용으로 인한 부작용과 내성등에 의한 위험 등 일체의 후유증이 없고 질병예방이 가능하며, 효과가 빠르고 시술이 간편하며 경제적이어서 원할 때 즉시 시술이 가능한 요법이다(Kim & Cho, 2001), 그러므로 학교보건실에서 복통완화를 위한 치료로서의 활용가능성을 검토하기 위하여 학교 보건실에 내방한 중학생을 대상으로 통증완화 효과를 검증하였다. 그 결과 수지침에 의해 주관적으로 느끼는 통증이 완화되었음을 보여주었고, 객관적인 통증척도 중 발한정도는 수지침 요법을 적용한 실험군에서 적용하지 않은 대조군 보다 유의하게 발한이 감소되었다. 또한 객관적인 통증척도인 안면표정과 음성변화에서는 비록 통계적으로는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았지만 실험군이 대조군보다 통증완화점수의 감소폭이 컸었다. 이는 간헐성 복통 환아에 대한 수지침의 효과 검증결과 통증 강도가 감소하였음을 보고한 Hong(2005b)의 연구결과 와 유사하였다. 또한 두통완화를 위해 수지침을 시술한 결과 주관적 통증 점수와 객관적 통증 영역 중 음성변화 정도가 유의하게 감소하였다고 보고한 Cho와 Kang(2004)의 연구 결과와 복통, 요통 등의 증상을 보인 월경곤란증이 있는 대상자의 경우 수지침 요법이 뜸 요법보다 신속한 효과를 나타낸Kim과 Cho(2001)의 연구, 수지침이 여중생의 생리통 자각증상에 효과를 미치는 것으로 보고한 Moon(2003)의 연구결과에서도 수지침이 통증완화에 효과적이었으므로 본 연구 결과를 지지해주었다. 그러나 연구자마다 대상자들의 연령층이 각기 달랐고, 중학생을 대상으로 한 수지침요법의 효과에 관한 연구는 없었으며, 복통 환아를 대상으로 한 연구는 1편에 불과했기 때문에 본 연구와 정확히 비교하기는 어려웠다. 통증이란 경험하는 사람이 통증이라고 말하는 것은 무엇이나 통증이며 그가 통증이 있다고 말할 때는 언제나 존재 하는 것이다(McCaffery, 1977)고 하여 통증에 관하여 개인의 주관적인 느낌을 강조하고 있다. 객관적인 방법으로 통증을 측정한다고 하여도 수치상 큰 차이를 보이지 않으면 증명하기 어렵다. 그러므로 통증을 경험하고 있는 사람이 수지침 요법을 통해 통증이 완화되었다고 한다면 객관적인 면이 부족해도 본인의 느낌대로 통증이 감소하였다고 평가 할 수 있다. 더군다나 통증이 있을 때 객관적 통증반응 중 안면표정과 음성은 자신의 의지로 어느 정도 조절할 수 있지만 발한은 자신의 의지로 조절하기 어렵다. 따라서 통증의 객관적 반응인 발한정도가 감소되었다고 하는 본 연구의 결과는 비록 객관적 통증 반응인 안면표정이나 음성변화에 차이가 없었지만 이러한 맥락에서 수지침이 통증완화에 도움이 된다고 해석할 수 있다. 그러나 본 연구결과 안위 면에서는 수지침 요법의 효과를 나타내지 않았다. 통증이 완화되면 신체는 자연히 안락한 상태로 될 수 있을 것으로 보았으나 그렇지 못함을 보여주고 있다. 본 연구결과에서 객관적 통증반응이나 안위 면에서 통계적인 유의성이 검증되지 못한 것은 대상자 수가 적은 것과 대상자로부터 연구의 동의를 얻기는 했지만 침습적인 처치에 대한 두려움이 많은 연령층인 중학생이라는 점 등이라고 보아 앞으로는 대상자 수를 늘리며, 다른 연령층을 대상으로 하는 반복연구가 필요하다고 본다. 이상과 같이 본 연구결과 수지침은 복통환자의 주관적으로 느끼는 통증을 감소시키므로 수지침이 복통완화에 어느 정도 효과가 있음을 확인하였다. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of hand acupuncture on relieving of abdominal pain. Method: Fifty-five middle school students who complained abdominal pain were selected as subjects. There were 35 students in the experimental group while 20 students were in the control group. Convenience assignment was used. The experimental group received hand acupuncture treatment which was to puncture corresponding points (epigastric pain A8, A12, A16, K9, F4, E42; lower abdominal pain A1, A4, A6, A8, J1, H2) on both the palm and the back of a hand with disposable acupuncture needles, and then to remove them after a 20-30min. recess during the subjects was in supine position on a bed. Result: Degree of subjective pain decreased statistically in the experimental as compared to the control group. No statistical significant differences were found in objective pain and comfort between experimental and control group. Conclusion: These findings indicate that hand acupuncture is an effective method for reducing abdominal pain. Therefore, hand acupuncture could be considered as an independent nursing intervention for abdominal pain reduction.

간호사의 임상 실무 경험

서문자,손행미,강현숙,권성복,김주현,박영숙,이은희,임난영,조경숙,지성애 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4

purpose: This study was conducted to describe qualitatively the entities of nurse's experiences in general hospitals and to suggest basic data guiding research on developing Standards of clinical nursing practice in Korea. Method: Fourteen nurses working at general hospitals with over 300 beds in Seoul were interviewed in-depth until saturation using tape-recorders and transcription. Result: The central theme of clinical nursing practice experienced by subjects was "being with clients" that means accepting client's personal character, solving client's needs and providing client-centered nursing. A also "being with clients" was felt to be the responsibility of nurses which was learned from their nursing schools. The nursing strategies performed in order to be with patients were proving skillful nursing techniques, accepting, educating, emotional support, advocating, and self-reflecting, the subjects experienced somewhat problematic affects such as difficulties in interpersonal relationship, work overload, negative image of nursing, deficit of self-confidence for nursing actions, poor working conditions, and unfair treatment. Nurses at the hospital practiced with pride when they felt that they were accepted by clients. Conclusion: Further research is needed to analysis problems in clinical practice and the comparison of nurses' experiences of clinical practice, with nurses' experiences in various settings.

월간 『현대문학』의 특성에 관한 한 고찰 - 60년대를 중심으로

조영숙,권현형 京畿專門大學 2000 京畿專門大學 論文集 Vol.- No.28

So far we had looked through the characteristics of 'Hyundae Munhak (contemporary literature)' as a literary magazine. In the foundational remarks, we could have witnessed the will and ideology of Hyundae Munhak to establish new contemporary literature by overcoming remnants of Japanese colonial period and the hurts of the Korean War. I can heartily feel that after two of the big sufferings the literary people of that era might have realised that the nation might ruin very futilely and urgently made the commitment to the establishment of cultural foundation to accumulate nation's power. Hyundae Munhak empathized literature as a central force of the integration of the nation and completeness of contemporary literature on the ground of succession of the tradition. Also in the writing of the Baek Chul, its commitment as a pure literary magazine excluding the commercialism is well shown. As a matter of fact, in this literary magazine, adequate pages were provided to reviews and criticisms to make this magazine not just a shallow one but a dealing of the profound subjects. Also in the reviews and criticisms of Kim Hyun-Seung, he said that even if the prevailing trend of modernism were to be dealt with importantly, he gave a warning not to lose the healthiness of serious contemplation on the reality of national literature, showing the efforts to maintain the magazine's original point of view of creative succession of the tradition and subjective acceptance of foreign literary and art theories. In the typical reviews and criticisms of the 60's, the magazine had to feature the offense and defense on the matter of the literary participation of public affairs. In the Korean literary world after the Korean War when there had been few literary magazines, Hyundae Munhak, which was started with the ideology and object to build contemporary literature without losing the tradition and with the newness of Korea, has played the role of the vein of ore in the history of Korean literature in the view of its being present up to now without losing its continuity, in the view of its findings of many literary men and providing the stage where their works could appear and in the view of its efforts for the proper introduction of the foreign literary theories through the academic viewpoints. Through the process of the controversy of participation of public affairs and the appearance of socialistic poetry in the 1960's, in the 70's the popular poetry theory as a creative methodology was succeeded by the poetry and the theories of Shin Kyung-Rim, Ko Eun, Kim Ji-Ha, etc. and settled as a poetic form. Also, in the circle of criticism the previous level was upgraded and opened a new dimension in the 70's.

초등학교 교사들의 직무스트레스와 건강 수준

조현숙,이종태,손혜숙,박진국 인제대학교 백병원 2002 仁濟醫學 Vol.23 No.5

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of job strain on stress and health status among elementary school teachers. Methods and Material : The subjects in this study were 300 teachers who were selected from among 588 teachers in 13 out of 42 elementary schools in the city of Gimhae. Through the questionnaire, demographic characteristics, Karasek's Job Content Questionnaire(JCQ) and the Psychosocial Well-being Index (PWI) to assess their occupational characteristics and psychosocial stress level were surveyed. Medical checkup results of them were adopted to measure their Health status. Results : 24.9 percent of the general teachers were low strain group, and 16.3 percent of them were high strain group. In the senior teachers, 19.7 percent belonged to a low strain group and 21.3 percent belonged to a high strain group. In regard to health status, more senior teachers than junior teachers suffered from obesity(24.6%) and diabetes(11.5%) (p<0.O5), and they also were higher in DBP(p<0.057), total cholesterol(p=0.039) and blood sugar level(p=0.000), the low strain group perceived more social support(p=0.000), and the high strain group felt bigger physical overload(p=0.000). Concerning psychosocial stress, the low strain group was more aware of teacher social role and put more confidence in themselves(p=0.004). The high strain group was more depressed(p=0.001), but no difference was detected in health status. The health status difference between the high strain and low strain groups was significant in depression of psychosocial stress(OR=3.823, 95%CI=1.584-9.224). Conclusion : The senior teachers group was more morbid to obesity, diabetes and hyperlipidemia, which implies that some measure should be studied to help senior teachers manage those diseases properly. The high strain group suffered more from physical overload and was high 'Social support'. Therefore it's required for high strain group to be given more support from colleagues and supervisors, and a stress management program should be implemented to reduce their psychosocial stress.

무기계 항균제(Ag-ZA)의 항균력에 관한 조사

조덕제,정숙현,박동근,신춘환 東西大學校 1996 동서논문집 Vol.2 No.1

Zeolite-Na에 Ag이온을 치환시켜 제조한 무기계 항균제를 이용하여 식품의 부패나 식중독을 초래할 수 있는 5종의 세균에 대한 항균력을 조사하였다. 이 들 5종에 대한 최소 저해 농도는 Escherichia coli는 0.1%이상, Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 0.01%, Klebsiella pneumoniae는 0.05%, Staphylococcus aureus와 Bacillus subtlis는 0.03%로 나타났다. 이 들 세균에 대한 0.1%의 Ag-ZA 첨가에서의 살균효과는 90%의 균 사멸시간으로 나타낼 때 Escherichia coli는 70분, Bacillus subtlis는 92분, Staphylococcus aureus는 111분, Klebsiella pneumoniae는 158분, Pseudomonas aeruginosa는 231분으로 나타났고, Ag-ZA 첨가량의 증가에 따른 사멸 속도의 변화는 Gram 음성균에서는 속도의 증가가 나타나지만 Gram 양성균에서는 속도의 변화를 관찰할 수 없었다. The investigation of antimicrobial activity on the Ag-ZA which is prepared by ion exchanging between Zeolite-Na and Ag ion. Minimum inhibitory concentrations are 0.01% for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 0.05% for Klebsiella pneumoniae and 0.03% for Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtlis. 90% sterilization time with 0.1% Ag-ZA are 70min., 92min., 111min., 158min., 231min. for Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtlis, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The sterilization effect is more important in gram neative bacteria than gram positive bacteria.

中·高等學校 敎科課程中 健康敎育內容에 關한 硏究

趙潔子,姜賢淑 慶熙大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The purpose of the study was to survey the proportion of the health education contents in the textbook of middle and high schools according to the grades and subjects, and to offer basic resources for reorganization of textbooks and for the utilization of manpower in the near future. This study was reffered to 589 textbooks which were reorganized in 1979 and edited in 1980, and was concentrated upon 38 textbooks contain health education contents. The results of this study is as follows: 1. Health education contents in the textbook of middle school 1) By grade, the order was 1st grade(17.3%), 3rd grade(16.8%), and 2nd grade(6.6%), Major health education items of each grade was of nutrition(32.6%) in the 1st grade, environmental sanitation(45.2%), in the 2nd grade, and anatomy and physiolosy(21.1%) child care(19.2%) in the 3rd grade. 2) By subject, the proportion of Health education contents between Home economics (16.6%) and Health education(15.3%) was similar, but Science(10.3%) shows low proportion. Major health education items of each subject was of Accident and emergency care(17.3%) in the Physical education, Nutrition(30.5%) in the Home economics and Anatomy and physiolosy(55.8%) in the Science. 2. Health education contents in the textbook of high school 1) By subject, the order was Physical education(29.9%), Military drill(26.7%), Home economics(24.1%) and Biology(23.4%), but there was no significant difference. Major health education items of each subject was of Social medicine and health institute(13.7%) Accident and emergency care(13.3%) in the Physical education, Accident and emergency care(55.9%) in the Military drill, Nutrition(40.4%) in the Home economics, and Anatomy and physiology(68.3%) in the Biology. However, there was a difference on quantity and priority of Health education contents according to the characteristics of subject. 2) In the technical department, the order of contents which were related with health education was House hold technical department(93.3% out of subjects in total unit 102-156), Agricultural technical department(41.8% out of 3 subjects in total unit 102-156), Physical technical department(31.5% out of 2 subjects in total unit 102-156), and Industrial technical department(8.6% out of I subject in total unit 114-156). 3. Health education contents according to the educational grade (course) in the textbooks The rate of unit which was contained Health education contents was similar between middle and high school: male; 15-17 unit, female; 24-26 unit out of the total unit 96-105 in the middle school and male; 34-40 unit, female; 42-50 unit out of the total unit 192-210 in the high school. The proportion of contents in the high school was two times higher(25.9%) than in the middle school(13.9%).

쑥을 첨가한 두부의 제조 및 저장 중 품질변화

조덕제,정숙현,조만기 東西大學校 1996 동서논문집 Vol.2 No.1

쑥의 효과적인 이용방법을 위해서 쑥의 최적건조 조건을 설정하고, 대두와 숙의 기능적 특성을 잘 살린 쑥을 첨가한 두부의 최적 가공조건과 제품의 저장 중 품질변화에 대해서 실험한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 건조과정 중 쑥은 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분은 감소하였으며, 반면 탄수화물은 증가하였다. 2. 1% NaHCO3에 데치기 하여 동결건조한 제품(FDB)이 쑥의 색도유지가 가장 잘 되었으며, Chlorophyll 잔존률도 가장 많았다. 3. 쑥을 첨가한 두부의 제조에서 응고제 GDL, 응고농도 0.1%, 응고온도 70-80℃, 쑥분말 첨가량 0.2%가 최적가공 조건이었다. 4. 쑥을 첨가한 두부의 저장에서 색도변화 및 TBA가의 변화로 미루어 보아 30℃에서는 12시간, 5℃에서는 4일 정도까지 저장 가능한 것으로 판단되었다. An investigation was carried out to study the optimum drying condition of mugwort, the optimum processing conditions of soybean curd added mugwort, and the quality change during storge of soybean curd added mugwort. Crude protein and crude lipid contents of mugwort were decreased during drying process, the contents of those in dried mugwort were 18.0-21.2%, 1.3%-4.0%, respectively. The freeze drying after blanching in 1% NaHCO3 solution(FDB) was the best in color index of dried mugwort, also the highest in retention ratio of total chlorophyll content. The yield of soybean curd with coagulants were showed that MgCl2, CaCl2, CaSO4 and GDL were 3.4g, 3.0g, 3.5g and 4.2g per 30g soy milk, respectively. GDL showed the highest yield among coagulants, and amount of GDL was suited at 0.1%. The optimum coagulation temperature was 70-80℃, addition amount of powered mugwort was 0.2%. The change of color index and TBA value were increased during storage. The quality of soybean curd added mugwort was maintained up to 12 hrs or 4 days at 30℃ or 5℃ storage, respectively.

대장균 및 포도구균의 한국여성 뇨내 소장에 관한 실험적 연구

조현숙 中央醫學社 1975 中央醫學 Vol.28 No.1

Length of lag-phase period and rapidity of multiplication of the bacterial speciese in the given host tissues were known to result significant influences in establishing infection state. To investigate the mode of bacterial multiplication in the Korean female urines, bladder urines of 50 women were collected aseptically by catheterization and into the urines, after pH determination, 20 hr. broth cultures of E. coli and staph. Aureus were inoculated. After aerobic incubation at 37°C. of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 hours, viable units of the organisms in the urines were enumerated by pour-plate technique. Results of the observation were summarized as follows: 1) Both the colon bacillus and staphylococcus showed rapid growth in the urines. However, the lag-phase in multiplication of colon bacillus in the urines appeared to be shorter than that of staphylococus. 2) Differences of urinary pH showed little influences on the rapidity of multiplication of colon bacillus, but much noticial influences on the rapidly of multiplication of staphylococus. 3) Colon bacillus appeared to grow more or less faster in the urines of women below 29 year old than in the urines of women over 30 year old. Staphylo coccus appeared to grow faster in the urines of women over 30 year old than in the urines of women below 29 year old. 4) Both the colon bacillus and staphylococcus seemed to grow faster in the urines of pregnant women.

Helicobacter pylori와 대장균의 Shuttle Vector 개발

조명제,이우곤,이상룡,김경희,안영숙,김성희,김현주,류복덕,최여정,윤영혜,백승철,전영석,이광호 경상대학교 유전공학연구소 1997 遺傳工學硏究所報 Vol.16 No.-

In this study, a vehicle vector using cryptic plasmids was constructed for gene transfer in Helicobacter pylori. pHP51(3.9 kb) and pHP489(1.2 kb) were selected for constructing vectors from cryptic plasmid of H. pylori isolates in Korea. The HindⅢ-digestedDNA fragment(1.2kb) of pHP489 and 1.6kb DNA fragment of pHP51 were ligated with a kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ) from C. jejuni to produce the recombinant plasmids pHP489K and pHP51K, respectively. Transformation frequency of pHP51K by electroporation was low. But pHP489K could be effectively transformed into various H. pylori strains. In order to design an intermdiate vehicle vector for gene transfer into H. pylori, pBlueHP489K was prepared by recloning pHP489K DNA into pBluescript and pTZ19R vector. This vector permitted the DNA fragment containing pHP489 sequence, aph3'-Ⅲ, and cloned DNA to be cut and self-ligated in the SacⅠ site after cloning. ureA and ureB gene were inserted into pBlueHP489K, resulting in pBlueHP489K/AB. The DNA fragment containing pHP489, kanamycin resistance gene(aph3'-Ⅲ), and urease structural gene was cut away from pBlueHP489K/AB and self-ligated to generate pBlueHP489K/AB. pBlueHP489K/AB made urease-negative H. pylori strains restore their urease activity. By this experiment, pBlueHP489K was confirmed to be the vehicle system for transferring H. pylori genes.