Comparison of trophic factors changes in the hippocampal CA1 region between the young and adult gerbil induced by transient cerebral ischemia.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, Sung Koo,Choi, Jung Hoon,Lee, Choong Hyun,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Kwon, Young-Geun,Kim, Young-Myeong,Kim, Jong-Dai,Won, Moo-Ho Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers 2012 Cellular and molecular neurobiology Vol.32 No.8

<P>In the present study, we investigated neuronal death/damage in the gerbil hippocampal CA1 region (CA1) and compared changes in some trophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in the CA1 between the adult and young gerbils after 5 min of transient cerebral ischemia. Most of pyramidal neurons (89%) were damaged 4 days after ischemia-reperfusion (I-R) in the adult; however, in the young, about 59% of pyramidal neurons were damaged 7 days after I-R. The immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF, not GDNF, in the CA1 of the normal young were lower than those in the normal adult. Four days after I-R in the adult group, the immunoreactivity and levels of BDNF and VEGF were distinctively decreased, and the immunoreactivity and level of GDNF were increased. However, in the young group, all of their immunoreactivities and levels were much higher than those in the normal young group. From 7 days after I-R, all the immunoreactivities and levels were apparently decreased compared to those of the normal adult and young. In brief, we confirmed our recent finding: more delayed and less neuronal death occurred in the young following I-R, and we newly found that the immunoreactivities of trophic factors, such as BDNF, GDNF, and VEGF, in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1 in the young gerbil were much higher than those in the adult gerbil 4 days after transient cerebral ischemia.</P>

The Proposal of a Verbal Interaction Framework for Elementary Science Teachers

Kim,Jong-young(Jong-young Kim),Shin,Myeong-kyeong(Myeong-kyeong Shin),Kim,Eun-jeong(Eun-jeong Kim) 경인교육대학교 교육연구원 2022 교육논총 Vol.42 No.-

This study is purposed to specifically present and suggest two of the five aspects of the existing framework using data recorded by science class teachers. Mortimer and Scott (2003) viewed teaching purposes, content, communicative approach, patterns of discourse, and teacher intervention as five aspects of classroom discourse analysis, analyzed for secondary science classes. In this study, four episodes were extracted from elementary science classes, the entire analysis was conducted, and the analysis frame developed in this study was applied. The results of the study showed that elementary science classes were analyzed differently according to class flow and the score of the Reformed Teaching Observation Protocol (RTOP). In addition, the analysis framework presented in this study and the score of the RTOP were slightly consistent.

Comparison of Screening Methods for Anthracnose Resistant Lines in Pepper

So-Young Kim,Myeong-Cheoul Cho,Shih-Wen Lin,Shieh-Sheue Chin,Zong-Ming Sheu,Byung-Soo Kim1,Sanjeet Kumar 한국원예학회 2013 한국원예학회 학술발표요지 Vol.2013 No.5

McCoy 세포에서 Chlamydia trachomatis의 병원성 인자에 관한 연구

강정숙,최지영,차영주,김영주,김덕례,여명구,박열 조선대학교 생명과학연구소 1998 생명과학 연구 Vol.6 No.-

본 연구는 병원성 세균인 Chlamydia trachomatis(C. trachomatis)가 숙주세포에침습시 C. trachomatis의 병원성 인자와 C. trachomatis와 상호작용하는 숙주 세포막의 인자를 규명함으로써 숙주세포에 대한 감염율을 향상시켜 보다 향상된 진단 방법을 개발하기 위하여 수행하였다. C. trachomatis로 감염된 세포에서 기본소체의 막 단백질을 분리한 결과 각 혈청형의 39 kDa과 42 kDa에서 major outer membranes(MOMPs)이 관찰되었으며, 혈청형 E와 G의 MOMPs는 42.5 kDa으로 동일하였지만 혈청형 F, H, I, 그리고 K의 MOMPs는 각각 다르게 관찰되었다. C. trachomatis가 숙주세포로 침습시 관련된 병원성 인자에 대하여 조사하고자 단층세포로 배양된 배양용기에 C. trachomatis를 24, 48 그리고 73시간대별로 접종시켜 관찰한 결과 72시간의 MOMPs의 양이 가장 많이 증가하였으며 이 결과로 MOMPS이 C. trachomatis 병원성에 중요한 작용을 함을 확인할 수 있었다. C. trachomatis가 침습시 숙주세포의 막 단백질 변화양상을 관찰하기 위해 정상세포와 C. trachomatis로 1, 2, 3 그리고 4시간대별로 접종 시간을 달리한 숙주세포의 막 단백질을 분리한 결과 42 kDa의 단백질 양이 Chlamydia에 감염된 세포 내에서 증가됨을 관찰할 수 있었다. 이로 42 kDa의 막 단백질이 침습시 숙주세포 표면에 대한 수용체로서 작용함을 알 수 있었다. The present study was performed to analyze the pathogenic factors involved in the invasion process of Chlamydia trachomatis(C. trachomatis) into McCoy cells. In this study, elementary bodies(EBs) of C. trachomatis serotypes(E, F, G, H, I, K and LGV) could be isolated by the method of Percoll density gradient centrifugation and the pathogens of serotypes were also compared from whole-cell lysates by using sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel elelectrophoresis. All chlamydial serotypes showed a single predominant protein ranging from 39 to 42 kDa. The major outer membrane proteins(MOMPs) of the E and G serotypes had an identical molecular weight of 42.5 kDa. In contrast, the MOMPs of the F, H, I and K serotypes were showed different molecular weights of MOMPs. By immunoblotting with anti-MOMP antibody it was revealed that the quantify of MOMPs was time-dependently increased when McCoy cells were infected with Chlamydia for 24, 48 and 72 hr. These results indicated that MOMPs are closely related to chlamydial infection into the host cell.

Biomass 유래 퓨란계 단량체를 이용한 폴리에스터의 중합 및 특성 연구

정용석(Yong Seong Chung),이영철(Young Chul Lee),서강진(Kang Jin Seo),김명준(Myeong Jun Kim),정지혜(Ji Hea Jeong),노시태(Si Tae Noh) 한국고분자학회 2011 폴리머 Vol.35 No.6

바이오매스에서 유래된 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran(DHMF)을 KMnO4 산화반응으로 furan-2,5- dicarboxylic acid(FDCA)를 합성하였다. 합성한 FDCA와 다이올류를 에스테르화 반응과 축중합 반응을 진행시 켜 폴리에스터를 중합하였다. 폴리에스터는 NMR을 통해 조성을 분석하였고 DSC와 TGA를 통해 열적특성을 분 석하였다. 합성된 폴리에스터의 고유점도는 0.78∼1.2 dL/g으로 상용화된 poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET) 와 비슷하였다. 다이올의 길이가 증가할수록 Young`s modulus와 strength는 낮아지고 elongation-to-break는 높아지는 경향을 확인하였다. 합성한 poly(ethylene furandicarboxylate)(PEF)의 Young`s modulus는 3551 MPa, strength는 103 MPa로 상용화된 PET와 비슷하였다. Furan-2,5-dicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was synthesized by KMnO4 oxidation of 2,5-dihydroxymethylfuran( DHMF) derived from biomass. Polyesters were synthesized by esterification and polycondensation of FDCA with various diols(ethane-1,2-diol, propane-1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, hexane- 1,6-diol, decane-1,10-diol). The composition of polyesters was characterized by using 1H NMR. Thermal properties of the polyesters were characterized by DSC and TGA. Intrinsic viscosities(IV) of the polyesters were measured to be 0.78∼1.2 dL/g comparable with IV of commercial poly(ethylene terephthalate)(PET). As the chain lengths of diols increased, Young`s modulus and strength decreased and elongation-to-break generally increased. Young`s modulus and strength of the polyesters were measured to be 3551 MPa and 103 MPa, respectively, comparable with commercial PET.

Naphthionic Acid 의 Azocoupling 反應에 關한 硏究

金容仁,徐明鎬 弘益大學校 1980 弘大論叢 Vol.12 No.-

The coupling reaction of meta and para-substituted benzenediazonium salts with naphthionic acid has been studied kinetically in aqueous buffered solution. The activation energies observed for the coupling of napthionic acid with diazotized p-anisidine, p-toluidine, m-toluidine, aniline, m-anisidine, p-fluoroaniline, p-chloroaniline, p-bromoaniline, p-iodoaniline, sulfanilic acid, m-nitroaniline and p-nitroaniline are 6.91, 7.85, 8.59, 8.78, 9.34, 9.90, 10.65, 11.40, 12.14, 12.52, 13.27 and 14.01 ㎉/mole, respectively, and the rate of coupling reactions increase in sequence cited, and also show that the coupling reaction with diazotized PNA proceeds 10,000 times as rapid as that with diazotized PAD. Hammett ρσ linear relationship has been observed except for diazotized para-halogeno, methyl and methoxy anilines, for which the treatment of Yukawa-Tsuno permits a good ???? linear relationship by consideration due to the mesomeric effect, and the reaction constant of resonance contribution γ is calculated as γ=0.25. In the case of the reaction with diazotized para-halogeno anilines, the order of reaction increases in sequence of PFA, PCA, PBA, and PIA according to the solvation effect. The reaction constants, ρ for 5°, 10°, 15°and 20℃ are calculated as 3.56, 3.62, 3.72 and 3.88 respectively, and also the inverse functionality of ρ in relation to the reaction temperatures is observed.

인산용액의 농도 및 적용시간 차이에 따른 상아질 표면의 형태적 변화

김명수,온영석,이광원,손호현 大韓齒科保存學會 1998 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.23 No.1

The depth and patterns of demineralization according to the difference in concentration and application time of phosphoric acid were observed through the transmission electron microscope, and shear bond strengths to the acid-conditioned dentin were then measured and compared with the TEM results. To investigate the influence of polymer addition into the phosphoric acid and the effect of difference in concentration and application time of the acid, the specimens were randomly divided into 9 groups. Among the specimens, the exposed dentin surfaces were acid-conditioned with 10% polymer-thickened phosphoric acid(All Bond 2, Bisco, U.S.A.) and aqueous 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% phosphoric acid for 20 seconds, The rest of the specimens were acid-conditioned with 10% phosphoric acid for 15s, 30s, 60s, 120s respectively. The specimens were immersed in 4% glutaraldehyde in 0.1M sodium cacodylate buffer and postfixed with 1% osmium tetroxide without decalcification and then observed under a JEOL Transmission Electron Microscope(JEM 1200 EXⅡ,Japan). After the specimens were acid-conditioned as the above, primer and adhesive resin were applied to blot-dried dentin and shear bond strengths were then measured and analysed. The results were as follows : 1. The intertubular demineralization depth of 4.0-5.0㎛ in 10% polymer-thickened phosphoric acid gels was similar or slightly deeper than that of 4.0-4.5㎛ in aqueous 10% phosphoric acid solution. 2. The intertubular demineralization depth of aqueous 20%, 30% and 40% phosphoric acid solution was 6.5-7.0㎛, 6.5-7.5㎛ and 9.0-15.0㎛ respectively. It showed that the depth of dentin demineralization is partly related to the concentration of phosphoric acid solution. 3. The intertubular demineralization depth of aqueous 10% phosphoric acid solution in application time for 15s, 30s, 60s and 120s was 2.5-3.0㎛, 4.0-6.0㎛, 6.5-7.0㎛ and 8.5-14.0㎛ respectively. It showed that the depth of dentin demineralization is directly related tothe application time of phosphoric acid solution. 4. The partially demineralized dentin layer between demineralized collagen layer and unaffected dentin was showed to a width of 0.5-1.0㎛ in lower concentration groups treated with aqueous 10% phosphoric acid for 20s, 60s, 120s and 20% phosphoric acid for 20s. 5. The demineralization effect at the border of intertubular-peritubular junction was less evident than that in the peritubular and intertubular dentin. The collagen fibers in the intertubular dentin had a random orientation, whereas those that lined the tubules were circumferentially aligned. The cross-linkage of dentinal collagen in demineralized collagen layer was clearly seen. 6. A statistically significant difference of bond strengths according to the difference in phosphoric acid concentration did not exist among the groups treated with 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% acid solution (P>0.05). However, bond strengths to the treated dentin with 10% phosphoric acid solution for 30s were significantly higher than that for 120s (P<0.05).

Zr-1.5Nb-xSn 합금의 미세조직 및 부식에 미치는 열처리 온도와 Sn 함량의 영향

김영화,위명용,백종혁,정용환 대한금속재료학회 2004 대한금속·재료학회지 Vol.42 No.2

The corrosion behaviors of Zr-based alloys were investigated with a series of Zr-1.5Nb-xSn ternary alloys which had the variations of β_(Nb) content and final annealing condition. As a result of microstructural study, the _(enriched) was observed in the samples annealed at 640℃, regardless of Sn content. The volume fraction of the precipitates and the Nb concentration in the precipitates did tend to be increased with increasing the Sn content. The samples annealed at 470℃ and 570℃, where β_(Nb) precipitated, exhibited better corrosion resistance than those annealed at 640℃ where β_(Zr) precipitated. The corrosion resistance of the Zr-1.5Nb-xSn alloy system did tend to increase with increasing Sn content. This would be resulted from the reduction of Nb solubility in matrix with increasing Sn content. Thus it eventually facilitate the formation of β_(Nb) phase from the solid solution state of Nb in Zr matrix. The Nb concentration in β_(Nb) phase increased with increasing the Sn content. This would contribute to the formation of β_(Nb) from soluble Nb that existed in the solid solution of Zr matrix.

개에서의 膀胱結石 手術3例

김명철,장석진,이교영,김남중,변홍섭,박명호 충남대학교 수의과대학 동물의과학연구소 1995 動物醫科學硏究誌 Vol.3 No.-

Three dogs which show clinical signs of cystic calculi with anorexia, hematuria, stranguria, dribbling of urine, and pain in posterior abdomen, were referred, and diagnosed as cystic calculi by radiography and ultrasonography. Removal of urinary cystic calculi was performed by urinary cystotomy. Calculi, removed surgically, were analyzed chemically and microscolically. Calculi from three patient dogs were calcium carbonate in all. After the removal of calculi recurrence of urolith were not observed up to nowadays for about 4-10 months.

새로운 무손실 압축 기법에 관한 연구

김명찬,허영,윤태성 國立 昌原大學校 産業技術硏究所 2000 産技硏論文集 Vol.14 No.-

In general, the pixels are correlated in image data, especially, highly correlated among the adjacent pixels. In this paper, a new lossless image compression scheme using this fact is proposed in order to improve the compression ration and for effective transmission after the compression. The whole image is subdivided into small fixed-sized blocks and each block data are coded using the run-length and the offset coding. If all the pixels in an image block have the same data values, the run-length coding is applied, otherwise, the offset coding is applied. Based on the dynamic range of the data in a block, an image block is coded with one of 6 different offset classes. To reduce the number of data bits stored in the memory, in case of an image block having edge, the block is classified using a special code. In that case, the edge direction is detected first and the block is partitioned into 2 sections according to the edge direction, and then each section of the block is coded using the proposed offset coding method. Computer simulation results show that the bit ratio of about 5bpp for the standard images is obtained using the proposed compression scheme. Also, this scheme can support both the sequential and progressive data transmission modes.