The role of FGF-2 in smoke-induced emphysema and the therapeutic potential of recombinant FGF-2 in patients with COPD

Kim, You-Sun,Hong, Goohyeon,Kim, Doh Hyung,Kim, Young Min,Kim, Yoon-Keun,Oh, Yeon-Mok,Jee, Young-Koo Nature Publishing Group UK 2018 Experimental and molecular medicine Vol.50 No.11

<▼1><P>Although the positive effects of recombinant fibroblast growth factor-2 (rFGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been implicated in previous studies, knowledge of its role in COPD remains limited. The mechanism of FGF2 in a COPD mouse model and the therapeutic potential of rFGF-2 were investigated in COPD. The mechanism and protective effects of rFGF-2 were evaluated in cigarette smoke-exposed or elastase-induced COPD animal models. Inflammation was assessed in alveolar cells and lung tissues from mice. FGF-2 was decreased in the lungs of cigarette smoke-exposed mice. Intranasal use of rFGF-2 significantly reduced macrophage-dominant inflammation and alveolar destruction in the lungs. In the elastase-induced emphysema model, rFGF-2 improved regeneration of the lungs. In humans, plasma FGF-2 was decreased significantly in COPD compared with normal subjects (10 subjects, <I>P</I> <I>=</I> 0.037). The safety and efficacy of inhaled rFGF-2 use was examined in COPD patients, along with changes in respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function. A 2-week treatment with inhaled rFGF-2 in COPD (<I>n</I> = 6) resulted in significantly improved respiratory symptoms compared with baseline levels (<I>P</I> <I><</I> 0.05); however, the results were not significant compared with the placebo. The pulmonary function test results of COPD improved numerically compared with those in the placebo, but the difference was not statistically significant. No serious adverse events occurred during treatment with inhaled rFGF-2. The loss of FGF-2 production is an important mechanism in the development of COPD. Inhaling rFGF-2 may be a new therapeutic option for patients with COPD because rFGF-2 decreases inflammation in lungs exposed to cigarette smoke.</P></▼1><▼2><P><B>Lung disease: Inhaling a protein might help</B></P><P>Studies on the role of the protein ‘fibroblast growth factor-2’ (FGF-2) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) suggest that inhaled FGF-2 could help treat the emphysema linked to smoking. Researchers in South Korea led by Young-Koo Jee at Dankook University, Cheonan, and Yeon-Mok Oh at the University of Ulsan, Seoul, studied the role of the reduced FGF-2 levels found in mice with lung inflammation caused by exposure to cigarette smoke. They also uncovered details of a protective effect of inhaled FGF-2, identifying specific cellular and lung structure changes attributed to the administered FGF-2. Reduced FGF-2 levels were also found in patients with COPD. Initial trials revealed some improvement in patients treated with FGF-2, but not at a statistically significant level. Nevertheless, the authors suggest their results justify further investigation of the protein’s therapeutic potential.</P></▼2>

저온 플라즈마를 이용한 휘발성 유기화합물의 분해에 관한 연구

목영선,이호원,현영진 제주대학교 환경연구소 2000 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.8 No.-

A non-thermal plasma process using pulsed corona discharge was applied to the destruction of a volatile organic compound (propene). Propene was found to be easily destroyed by this process, and the destruction efficiency was proportional to the supplied power while it was in inverse proportion to the initial propene concentration. Ethane and formaldehyde were detected at the reactor outlet, but the concentrations of such byproducts were negligible. The destruction rate equation (first order in terms of propene concentration) and the rate constant (6.75×10^(3)s^(1)W^(1)) proposed were validated by the comparison between the calculations and experimental data. The increases in the contents of oxygen and water vapor decreased the pulse energy delivered to the plasma reactor. At the initial concentration of 5.85 X 10^(3) mol/㎥, the average energy requirement to destroy one molecule of propene was in the range of 26 to 47 eV according to the amount of propene destroyed, which is relatively low value, compared with that of nitric oxide(NO).

교류 유전체 방전 공정에 의한 휘발성유기화합물 분해 및 전력공급에 관한 연구

목영선,이호원,현영진 제주대학교 해양과환경연구소 2001 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.25 No.-

Dielectric barrier discharge reactor packed with glass beads or scoria was utilized for decomposition of volatile organic compounds including benzene, toluene, trichloroethylene, n-butanol and chloroform. Glass beads of 4 to 6 mm in diameter and scoria of 4.75-6.7 mm were used as the dielectric packing materials. The effects of the dielectric packing materials, the gas composition, the applied voltage, and the polarity of the voltage on the decomposition and the power delivery were examined. Filling of the dielectric materials such as glass beads and scoria in the reactor gave rise to the increase in the decomposition of the organic compounds and the discharge power. In spite of the adsorption capability, the scoria showed similar decomposition performance to the glass beads, which indicates that the adsorption capability does not significantly affect the decomposition in steady state condition. In the absence of the dielectric packing material, higher voltage was required to decompose the organic compounds. The gas composition did not largely influence the decomposition efficiency of the organic compounds. When the AC voltage was rectified to positive or negative half-wave, the discharge power and the decomposition efficiency greatly decreased. The power transfer efficiency from the wall plug to the reactor was found to be a strong function of the applied voltage, and a weak function of the gas composition.

실내공기정화기에서 먼지 및 유기물화합물의 동시 제거에 관한 연구

목영선,강호철,이호원,현영진 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2002 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.13 No.1

The indoor air cleaner used in this study consisted of a plasma reactor followed by an electrostatic precipitator. The role of the electrostatic precipitator is to collect particulate matters, and the plasma reactor plays an important role in decomposing organic compounds and precharging particulate matters in order that they may easily be collected in the following electrostatic precipitator. For the performance test of the air cleaner, toluene, trichloroethylene (TCE), n-butanol and methanol were added to the indoor air. According to the experimental data, the collection efficiency of particulate matters was found to be largely enhanced when the plasma reactor was operated. This enhancement of collection efficiency is believed to result from precharging particulate matters. A large amount of electrical energy was required for the decomposition of the organic compounds, which indicates that the indoor air should be repeatedly circulated for proper treatment.

유전체 플라즈마 방전을 이용한 톨루엔 분해 공정에서 충진물,인가 전압,가스 조성 및 전압 극성이 분해효율 및 전력 전달에 미치는 영향

목영선,이호원,현영진,함성원,조무현,남인식 한국화학공학회 2002 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.40 No.1

교류 고전압을 이용하는 유전체 플라즈마 반응기에서 휘발성유기화합물의 일종인 톨루엔의 분해에 대한 연구가 수행되었다. 유전체 충진물로는 직경 4-6㎜인 유리구슬과 4.75-6.7㎜인 천연 제올라이트가 사용되었다. 톨루엔의 분해 및 전력공급에 미치는 유전체의 물리적 특성, 산소함량, 피크전압, 전압 극성의 영향에 대해 고찰하였다. 유리구슬과 천연 제올라이트가 유전체 반응기에 충진되었을 때, 톨루엔의 분해 성능 및 방전 전력이 증가되었다. 천연 제올라이트는 높은 비표면적에도 불구하고, 톨루엔 분해성능 및 전력공급에 있어서 유리구슬과 유사한 특성을 보여 주었는데, 이러한 결과는 정상상태에서 유전체의 흡착성이 톨루엔의 분해에 영향을 주지 못하며, 톨루엔의 분해는 플라즈마 방전에 의해서만 활성화된다는 것을 의미한다. 유전체 충진물이 없을 때는 유전체 충진물이 있을 때 보다 매우 높은 전압에서 톨루엔의 분해가 일어나기 시작하였다. 산소 함량이 증가될수록 톨루엔의 분해 효율이 조금씩 증가하였는데, 이 결과는 산소에서 비롯된 활성 성분인 O 라디칼, O^+ 및 O_2^+이온 등이 질소에서 비롯된 활성 성분(N, N^+, N_2^+)보다 톨루엔의 분해에 있어서 더 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 나타낸다. 교류 고전압을 반파 정류하여 양 또는 음의 고전압만을 반응기에 인가하였을 때는 방전전력 및 톨루엔 분해효율이 교류의 경우보다 크게 감소하였다. 양의 고전압과 음의 고전압은 톨루엔 분해 및 전력공급에 있어서 동일한 특성을 나타내었다. 고온 소각 및 유전체 플라즈마 공정에서 얻어진 톨루엔 분해반응 속도를 서로 비교한 결과, 고온 소각이 더 높은 분해반응속도를 가지는 것으로 나타났으나, 고온 소각을 위해서는 상당량의 열에너지가 필요하므로 유전체 플라즈마 공정이 충분히 경쟁 가능한 기술임을 알 수 있었다. Dielectric barrier plasma reactor using AC power was applied to the decomposition of toluene. Natural zeolite of 4.75-6.7㎜ and glass beads of 4 to 6㎜ in diameter were used as the dielectric packing materials. The effects of the dielectric packing materials, the oxygen content, the peak voltage, the voltage polarity on the decomposition of toluene and the power delivery were examined. When the dielectric materials such as glass beads and natural zeolite were packed in the reactor, the performance for the decomposition of toluene and the discharge power increased. Despite the adsorption capability, the zeolite showed similar decomposition performance to the glass beads, which indicates that the adsorption capability does not affect the decomposition of toluene in steady state condition. In the absence of the dielectric packing material, higher voltage was required to decompose toluene. As the oxygen content was increased, the decomposition efficiency slightly increased. When the AC voltage was rectified to positive or negative half-wave, the discharge power and the decomposition efficiency greatly decreased. The decomposition efficiency of toluene was identical, regardless of the voltage polarity changed by half-wave rectification. Although the thermal incineration has larger decomposition rate constant than the dielectric barrier plasma processit requires a lot of thermal energy to heat the gas to a high temperature, and thus the dielectric barrier plasma process is considered to be sufficiently competitive to the thermal incineration.

이산화질소, 암모니아 및 수분의 기상반응에 의한 이산화질소 제거 거동에 관한 연구

목영선,장경룡,박태성,김경숙,남인식 한국화학공학회 2003 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.41 No.1

암모니아 첨가 저혼 플라즈마 공정이나 전자빔 공정에서 NO의 산화반응을 통해 생성되는 NO_2를 효과적으로 제거하기 위한 조건을 도출하기 위하여, 문헌의 반응속도에 기초한 반응기 모델링을 통해 NO_2 저감에 미치는 여러 가지 운전변수의 영향을 살펴보았다. 본 연구에서 운전변수로 선정한 것은 수분함량, 초기 NO_2 농도, 반응온도 그리고 암모니아 농도이며, 각각의 운전변수에 대한 적정 범위를 결정하였다. NO_2를 효율적으로 제거하기 위해서는 배기가스의 수분함량이 4-6%(v/v)이상은 되어야 하나, 수분함량을 더 증가시키는 것은 큰 이득이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 초기 NO_2 농도가 100ppm 이하로 작을 때는 원하는 제거효율을 달성에 필요한 체류시간이 급격히 증가하며, 반응온도는 낮을수록 NO_2제거에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. NO_2 저감 속도는 암모니아 농도이며, 각각의 운전변수에 대한 적정 범위를 결정하였다. NO_2를 효율적으로 제거하기 위해서는 배기가스의 수분함량이 4-6%(v/v)이상은 되어야 하나, 수분함량을 더 증가시키는 것은 큰 이득이 없는 것으로 나타났다. 초기 NO_2 농도가 100ppm 이하로 작을 때는 원하는 제거효율 달성에 필요한 체류시간이 급격히 증가하며, 반응온도는 낮을수록 NO_2 제거에 유리한 것으로 나타났다. NO_2 저감 속도는 암모니아의 농도에 크게 의존하지 않는 것으로 평가되었다. This study reports a simple reactor modeling utilizing chemical kinetic data of the gas phase reaction between nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and water vapor in order to estimate the influences of several operating variables on the removal of NO_2 which is generated from NO by the oxidation process in a non-thermal plasma reactor or an electron-beam irradiation reactor. The operating variables chosen are water vapro content, initial concentration of NO_2, reaction temperature and ammonia concentration and the appropriate ranges of such variables were suggested. The gas phase reaction for the removal of NO_2 takes place effectively at the water vapor content higher than 4-6%(v/v), but further increase in the water vapor content does not significantly enhance the removal. The residence of NO_2 is less than 100ppm. Since the removal rate of NO_2 is in inverse proportion to the reaction temperature, lower temperature is favorable to promote the reaction. The effect of ammonia concentration on the removal of NO_2 was estimated to be negligible.

이산화질소, 암모니아 및 수분의 기상반응에 의한 암모늄염 생성 거동에 관한 연구

목영선,이호원,현영진 제주대학교 해양연구소 2001 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.25 No.-

기체 전기방전을 이용한 리액티브 블루 4의 분해에 관한 연구

목영선,조진오,이호원 제주대학교 공과대학 첨단기술연구소 2006 尖端技術硏究所論文集 Vol.17 No.1

Gaseous electrical discharge is an effective method available for the production of ozone and ultraviolet light. The wastewater treatment system of this study was designed to utilize both ozone and ultraviolet light produced by the electrical discharge for the degradation- of organic contaminants. The electrical discharge device (DBD reactor) consisted of a quartz cylinder, a coaxial ceramic tube inside of which a steel rod was placed (discharging electrode), and a steel wire that was helically wound around the quartz cylinder (ground electrode). The DBD reactor was immersed in the wastewater in order that the ultraviolet light could irradiate the wastewater. The ozone-containing gas from the DBD reactor was sparged throughout the wastewater. An anthraquinone-based dye, Reactive Blue 4, was chosen as the organic contaminant. The experimental results showed that the present system was very effective for the degradation of the organic contaminant. The energy requirement for the degradation was found to be 0.42kJ/mg, on the basis of 90% chromaticity removal.

교류 유전체 방전 공정에 의한 휘발성유기화합물 분해 및 전력공급에 관한 연구

목영선,이호원,현영진 제주대학교 해양연구소 2001 해양자원연구소연구보고 Vol.25 No.-

이산화질소, 암모니아 및 수분의 기상반응에 의한 암모늄염 생성 거동에 관한 연구

목영선,이호원,현영진 제주대학교 해양과환경연구소 2001 해양과환경연구소 연구논문집 Vol.25 No.-

This study investigates the kinetics of the gas phase reaction between nitrogen dioxide, ammonia and water vapor, and presents the appropriate ranges of the process variables such as initial NO_2 concentration, absolute humidity and reaction temperature for the effective removal of nitrogen dioxide. According to the kinetic calculations, the gas phase reaction for the removal of NO_2 takes effectively place at the water vapor content higher than 4-6 %(v/v), but further increase in the water vapor content does not significantly enhance the removal. The residence time required to achieve a desired removal efficiency of NO_2 was found to increase with the decrease in its initial concentration. Especially, the residence time required rapidly increases when the initial concentration of NO_2 is less than 100 ppm. The removal rate of NO_2 is in inverse proportion to the reaction temperature, i.e., lower temperature is favorable to promote the removal rate. The results obtained in this study may be useful for the determination of the optimal values of the process variables in non-thermal plasma technology for the removal of nitrogen oxides.