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윤은자,류은정,전미영,황윤영 성인간호학회 2002 성인간호학회지 Vol.14 No.4
Poupose: The purpose of this study is to identify factors that affect coping with fatigue in middle-aged men according to Q-methodology and to provide basic strategies for health promotion. Method; 25 subjects in Seoul, Incheon, Chung-buk classified 24 selected Q-statements in to 9 points standard. The collected data were analyzed by using a QUNAL pc program. Result; Principal component analysis identified 3 types of coping with fatigue among middle-aged Korean men. 1st Type : Coping with fatigue through various kinds of game, using alcohol, smoking cigarette other than rest and sleep. 2nd Type : Coping with fatigue through rest and sleep, taking medicine or food which helps relieving fatigue. 3rd Type : coping with fatigue through acitivities such as sports or trip other than sleep. Conclusion: We have found how Korean middle-aged men cope against fatigue through this research. To setup and apply different nursing intervention on each type based on this result is needed.
李湖淑,李東垠,金永川 全北大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.41 No.-
In the high speed multi-wavelength networks, signal propagation delay time is much larger than the transmission time of data packet. So retransmission overhead due to destination conflict or control packet collision is one factor of performance degradation. An efficient WDMA protocol with a collision avoidance mechanism is proposed for high speed optical networks. It can be applied to the WDM single-hop network with a passive star topology. In proposed protocol, each node has source queues and routing table to store routing information. This architecture makes it possible to avoid any kind of collision when a node reserves the channel to transmit a data packet. High system thoughput and channel utilization can be achieved by proposed protocol since there are no discarded packets caused by any collision at transmission time. The performance of proposed is evaluated in terms of throughput and delay with variations in offered load. Simulation results show that the proposed protocol has superior performance to conventional protocols under nonuniform as well as uniform traffic.
정흥호,정호승,김은영,조환익,황주찬,최상원 한국환경과학회 2004 한국환경과학회지 Vol.13 No.6
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediments of Kwangyang bay on Korea, have been investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometery (GC/MS). The average content of total PAHs in all samples was 2,211ppb, and the range was from 36 to 22,699pph. The higher concentrations were found in sediment sampled near Kwangyang iron processing plant, Taeindo. The resulting distributions of PAHs according to the number of aromatic ring and molecular ratios of specific aromatic compounds (phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene and pyrene) have been discussed in terms of sample location, origin of the organic matter. Four, five and six rings of PAHs were mainly found near to Kwangyang iron processing plant, and three and four rings near to Yeosu chemical kombinat. This result typically indicated the local characteristics, depending on the origin of PAHs.
( Young Eun Chon ),( Eun Hee Choi ),( Ki Jun Song ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Seung Up Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: Transient elastography (TE), a noninvasivetool that measures liver stiffness, has been evaluated in metaanalyses for effectiveness in assessing liver fibrosis in European populations with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).However, these data cannot be extrapolated to populations in Asian countries, where chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is more prevalent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the overall performance of TE for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with CHB. Methods: Studies from the literature and international conference abstracts which enrolled only patients with CHB or performed a subgroup analysis of such patients were enrolled. Combined effects were calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and diagnostic accuracy values of each study. Result: A total of 18 studies comprising 2,772 patients were analyzed. The mean AUROCs for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F2), severe fibrosis (F3), and cirrhosis (F4) were 0.859 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.857?0.860), 0.887 (95% CI, 0.886?0.887), and 0.929 (95% CI, 0.928?0.929), respectively. The estimated cutoff for F2 was 7.9 (range, 6.1?11.8) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.3% and specificity of 78.3%. For F3, the cutoff value was determined to be 8.8 (range, 8.1?9.7) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.0% and specificity of 63.8%. The cutoff value for F4 was 11.7 (range, 7.3?17.5) kPa, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 81.5%. Conclusion: TE can be performed with good diagnostic accuracy for quantifying liver fibrosis in patients with CHB.
( Young Eun Chon ),( Eun Hee Choi ),( Ki Jun Song ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Kwang Hyub Han ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Seung Up Kim ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-
Background: Transient elastography (TE), a noninvasivetool that measures liver stiffness, has been evaluated in meta- analyses for effectiveness in assessing liver fibrosis in European populations with chronic hepatitis C (CHC).However, these data cannot be extrapolated to populations in Asian countries, where chronic hepatitis B (CHB) is more prevalent. In this study, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the overall performance of TE for assessing liver fibrosis in patients with CHB. Methods: Studies from the literature and international conference abstracts which enrolled only patients with CHB or performed a subgroup analysis of such patients were enrolled. Combined effects were calculated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) and diagnostic accuracy values of each study. Result: A total of 18 studies comprising 2,772 patients were analyzed. The mean AUROCs for the diagnosis of significant fibrosis (F2), severe fibrosis (F3), and cirrhosis (F4) were 0.859 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.857-0.860), 0.887 (95% CI, 0.886-0.887), and 0.929 (95% CI, 0.928-0.929), respectively. The estimated cutoff for F2 was 7.9 (range, 6.1-11.8) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.3% and specificity of 78.3%. For F3, the cutoff value was determined to be 8.8 (range, 8.1-9.7) kPa, with a sensitivity of 74.0% and specificity of 63.8%. The cutoff value for F4 was 11.7 (range, 7.3-17.5) kPa, with a sensitivity of 84.6% and specificity of 81.5%. Conclusion: TE can be performed with good diagnostic accuracy for quantifying liver fibrosis in patients with CHB.
( Young Eun Chon ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.-
Background: The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a noninvasive method which measures liver steatosis using a process based on transient elastography. We validated the diagnostic accuracy of CAP for detecting hepatic steatosis in Asian patients. Methods: Patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver biopsy and CAP using the Fibroscan® were enrolled. The performance of CAP for diagnosing steatosis compared with biopsy was calculated using area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROC). Results: A total of 49 patients were included; male (55.1%) were predominant; median BMI was 27.4kg/㎡. The etiology of liver disease was as follows; twenty-four (49.0%) had non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 (22.4%) had chronic hepatitis B, 7 (14.3%) had chronic hepatitis C, and four (14.3%) had autoimmune hepatitis. The CAP showed significantly high correlation with steatosis grade (ρ=0.750, p=0.001) assessed by histology. The cutoff values for steatosis grade S1 (≥ 5%), S2 (≥ 33%) and S3 (≥ 66%) were determined as 250, 305, and 328 dB/m, respectively, showing AUROC of 0.93 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.85-0.99), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.92), respectively. Using a cutoff of 250dB/m, the CAP was diagnostic for hepatic steatosis (≥ 5%) with 88.6% of sensitivity, 92.6% of specificity, 96.6% of positive predictive value, and 76.5% of negative predictive value. Conclusions: The CAP showed high diagnostic accuracy for detecting and quantifying the hepatic steatosis in Asian patients with chronic liver disease. The CAP is also promising because it is noninvasive, immediate and objective, and available simultaneously with liver stiffness measurement.
( Young Eun Chon ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Chae Yoon Chon ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2012 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2012 No.1
Background: The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a noninvasive method which measures liver steatosis using a process based on transient elastography. We validated the diagnostic accuracy of CAP for detecting hepatic steatosis in Asian patients. Methods: Patients with chronic liver disease who underwent liver biopsy and CAP using the Fibroscan® were enrolled. The performance of CAP for diagnosing steatosis compared with biopsy was calculated using area under receiver operating characteristics curves (AUROC). Results: A total of 49 patients were included; male (55.1%) were predominant; median BMI was 27.4kg/m2. The etiology of liver disease was as follows; twenty-four (49.0%) had non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), 11 (22.4%) had chronic hepatitis B, 7 (14.3%) had chronic hepatitis C, and four (14.3%) had autoimmune hepatitis. The CAP showed significantly high correlation with steatosis grade (ρ=0.750, p=0.001) assessed by histology. The cutoff values for steatosis grade S1 (≥ 5%), S2 (≥ 33%) and S3 (≥ 66%) were determined as 250, 305, and 328 dB/m, respectively, showing AUROC of 0.93 (95% confidential interval [CI], 0.85-0.99), 0.89 (95% CI, 0.80-0.98), and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.92), respectively. Using a cutoff of 250dB/m, the CAP was diagnostic for hepatic steatosis (≥ 5%) with 88.6% of sensitivity, 92.6% of specificity, 96.6% of positive predictive value, and 76.5% of negative predictive value. Conclusions: The CAP showed high diagnostic accuracy for detecting and quantifying the hepatic steatosis in Asian patients with chronic liver disease. The CAP is also promising because it is noninvasive, immediate and objective, and available simultaneously with liver stiffness measurement.
( Young Eun Chon ),( Kwang Joon Kim ),( Seung Up Kim ),( Dong Jin Joo ),( Jun Yong Park ),( Do Young Kim ),( Sang Hoon Ahn ),( Kwang Hyub Han ) 대한간학회 2013 춘·추계 학술대회 (KASL) Vol.2013 No.1
Background/Aims: Controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) is a noninvasive method of measuring hepatic steatosis. We aimed to define the normal range of CAP values and evaluate the influencing factors on CAP values in healthy subjects. Methods: CAP values were measured in a cohort of healthy subjects who were screened for living-related liver transplantation as living liver donors and received a health check-up. Subjects with current or history of chronicliver disease, abnormalityin liver-related laboratory tests, and fatty liver on ultrasonography or biopsy were excluded. Results: The mean age of the recruited 264 subjects was 49.2 (131 men and 133 women). Mean CAP value was 224.8±38.7 (range 100.0-349.0) dB/m, and the range of normal CAP value using 5th and 95th percentileswas 156.0-287.8 dB/m. Mean CAP value was significantly higher in subjects with health check-up compared to liver donors (227.5±42.0 dB/mvs.218.2±28.3 dB/ m, P=0.040).CAP value was not significantly different according to gender (all P>0.05) and age (all P>0.05) in liver donors or subjects with health check-up. In a multivariate linear regression analysis, body mass index (β=0.271; P=0.024) and triglyceride (β=0.348; P=0.008) were selected as independent in- fluencing factors on CAP values. Conclusion: We defined the normal range of CAP values and found that body mass index and triglyceride can influence CAP values among healthy subjects.