A Study of the Cultural Policy of the Communist Party of China towards Ethnic Minorities in the New Century

Xing Yi Ye,Bo Wang 한국문화정책학회 2015 문화정책 Vol.2 No.2

China has been a united, multi-ethnic country since ancient times, in addition to the Han, 55 ethnic minorities have created other ethnic cultures with their own rich content, distinctive features, and diverse forms in the long history of development. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has attached great importance to the culture construction of ethnic minority since its foundation. In the new century, China views the prosperity of ethnic culture is an important part of the implementation of the scientific concept of development and the comprehensive construction of a well-off society. This also endows ethnic minority cultures with new contents. This article not only discusses the new contents but also surveys the development process of cultural policy of ethnic minorities and sums up the historical experiences of the development of cultural policy covering ethnic minorities in China.

Diversity and Active Mechanism of Fengycin-Type Cyclopeptides from Bacillus subtilis XF-1 Against Plasmodiophora brassicae

( Xing Yu Li ),( Zi Chao Mao ),( Yue Hu Wang ),( Yi Xing Wu ),( Yue Qiu He ),( Chun Lin Long ) 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2013 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.23 No.3

Bacillus subtilis XF-1, a strain with demonstrated ability to control clubroot disease caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae, was studied to elucidate its mechanism of antifungal activity against P. brassicae. Fengycin-type cyclopeptides (FTCPs), a well-known class of compounds with strong fungitoxic activity, were purified by acid precipitation, methanol extraction, and chromatographic separation. Eight homologs of fengycin, seven homologs of dehydroxyfengycin, and six unknown FTCPs were characterized with LC/ESI-MS, LC/ESI-MS/MS, and NMR. FTCPs (250μg/ml) were used to treat the resting spores of P. brassicae (107/ml) by detecting leakage of the cytoplasm components and cell destruction. After 12 h treatment, the absorbencies at 260 nm (A260) and at 280 nm (A280) increased gradually to approaching the maximum of absorbance, accompanying the collapse of P. brassicae resting spores, and nearly no complete cells were observed at 24 h treatment. The results suggested that the cells could be cleaved by the FTCPs of B. subtilis XF-1, and the diversity of FTCPs was mainly attributed to a mechanism of clubroot disease biocontrol.

A Study on Transition of Cultural Industry Policy of China

Xing Yi Ye(???) 한국문화정책학회 2015 문화정책 Vol.2 No.1

문화산업정책은 국가의 경제와 문화 발전을 위해서 경제 수단, 법적 수단 과 행정 수단을 이용해서 조정문화 산업 관계와규범 문화 산업 활동을 위한 정책 이다. 그러나 문화 산업 정책 과 다른일반 산업 정책이랑 다르다고 생각한다. 문화 사업 정책은 문화사업의 특성을 고려해야한다. 측 문화 산업 정책은 경제성이 있는 것이 뿐만아니라 정치성와 의식형태성도 있다. 정부 산업 정책은 문화산업한테 미친 영향이 있다. 개혁 개방 30 년 동안, 중국 정부가 문화 사업 발전 시키는 청책을 많이 만들었다. 심지어 매년 끝없이 이어 지 는 새로운 정책 만들었다. 30 년간 정책 실천을 보면중국 문화 산업 정책은 문화 산업 발전한테 큰 역할을 해 온 것은 주장한다. 본문은 중국 개혁개방 이후 문화산업 정책 발전의 과정은 문화산업 정책의 현황과 문제점에 미친 영형을 분석하고 의견을 제출하고 자 한다. Cultural industry policy is different from the general industrial policy, it needs to take the peculiarities of cultural industry into full consideration depending on the cultural industry has economic attributes as well as strong political and ideological attributes. The cultural industry policy plays an important role on the healthy development of cultural industry. Since the reform and opening up especially after WTO entry, the Chinese government introduced a great deal of policies and measures to promote and regulate the development of cultural industry. This paper tease apart the present situation and problems of cultural industry policy and further to put forward some suggestions through introducing the development process of cultural industry policy after the reform and opening up in China.

Effects of Oxygen Content on the Simultaneous Microbial Removal of SO2 and NOx in Biotrickling Towers

Xing Chun Wang,Xiao Yi Bi,Pei Shi Sun,Jin Quan Chen,Ping Zou,Xiao Ming Ma,Jing Zhang,Hai Yu Wang,Xiao Yi Xu 한국생물공학회 2015 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.20 No.5

This study uses microbial methods to research the influence of oxygen (O2) content on the removal efficiency of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) in a tandem twin-towers desulfurization and denitrification process system. Oxygen can play a significant role in biotrickling towers. Other important factors had already been optimized prior to the study, including inlet concentration, gas flow rate, and temperature. SO2 and NOx were prepared by a chemical method. A gas flow meter was used to regulate nitrogen (N2) that had been stored in steel cylinders. In this way, the O2 content was adjusted in the biotrickling towers by controlling the N2 flow rate. Five gradients of O2 content were selected for investigation, namely 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20%. Results indicated that the SO2 removal efficiency from mixed gas (SO2 and NOx) can reach 100%, from all of the five O2 gradients, in biotrickling towers. In a tandem twin-towers desulfurization and denitrification process system, the NOx removal efficiency and the inlet concentration of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) gradually increased as the O2 content increased. Specifically, the average removal efficiency of NOx increased from 49.28 to 80.85% as the O2 content changed from 4 to 20%. The oxygen levels influenced the removal of NOx but the SO2 removal efficiency in mixed gas was always stable.

Characterization of Ecdysteroid UDP-Glucosyltransferase Gene Promoter from Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

Xing-Jia Shen,Yong-Zhu Yi,Shun-Ming Tang,Zhi-Fang Zhang,Yi-Ren Li,Jia-Lu He,Xiang-Fu Wu 한국잠사학회 2004 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) promoter fragments of different lengths were amplified from BmNPV ZJ-8 genomic DNA by PCR. Reporter plasmids pBmegt542-luc, pBmegt309-luc and pBmegt159- luc with luciferase (luc) driven by egt promoters were constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo expressions showed that BmNPV egt promoter activity requires the transactivation of viral factor(s), and expression of luc was detected earliest at 24 hrs post infection (pi). BmNPV ZJ-8 homologous region 3 (hr3) increased the expression of luc by over 1,600-fold. Molting hormone of 1.0 ~ 2.0 mg/ml can dramatically down regulate expression of luc. Juvenile hormone analogue of 0.5 ~ 2.0 mg/ml increased expression of luc by 145.8% to 75.7%. Deletion assay revealed that the promoter fragment of 159 bp contains the basal promoter structure; Promoter fragments of 309 bp and 542 bp showed similar but much higher transcriptional activities than that of 159 bp, suggesting that nucleotide from -159 to -309 nt upstream the translation initiation site harbors the main cis-acting elements.

Effects of Alpha 1- and Alpha 2-Adrenoreceptor Stimulation on Galanin mRNA Expression in Primary Cultured Superior Cervical Ganglion Neurons

( Yi Xing ),( Xiu Ying Chen ),( Zhen Liu ),( Hao Li ),( Hua Xiang Liu ),( Zhen Zhong Li ) 한국응용약물학회 2011 Biomolecules & Therapeutics(구 응용약물학회지) Vol.19 No.3

Galanin (Gal) is a 29-amino-acid neuropeptide which is expressed in superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons and plays a trophic role in the adult animal and acts as an inhibitory modulator of cholinergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. Whether activation or inhibition of alpha-adrenoreceptors infl uences Gal mRNA expression in SCG neurons remains unknown. Here, we have evaluated the possible regulation of Gal mRNA expression with acute (4 h) and chronic (4 days) stimulation of alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonists or antagonists in primary cultured SCG neurons. The results showed that the amount of Gal mRNA expression in cultured SCG neurons increased significantly after chronic stimulation with alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine compared with control SCG neurons at the same time point, whereas the amount of Gal mRNA expression decreased significantly after chronic stimulation with alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine as compared with that in control group. All these effects were not dose-dependent on the administration of alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist clonidine or alpha 2-adrenoreceptor antagonist yohimbine. Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor agonist phenylephrine or antagonist prazosin chronic stimulation did not have effects on Gal mRNA expression. Acute exposure of these agents did not have effects on Gal mRNA expression. The present study showed that Gal may be regulated by activation or inhibition of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors, but not alpha 1-adrenoreceptors in sympathetic neurons.

The Prospects of International Cities in China

Yi Xing Zhou 한국지역학회 1999 지역연구 Vol.15 No.2

Since 1980`s, there have been two trends that obviously developed in the world- economics globalization and urban internationalization. China, with its reform and opening-up policy and rapid economic growth, keeps pace with these two trends. The term "International City" has no putative standard or definition. If we make an analogue of urban functional hierarchy in the world with a pyramid, the International Cities are the few elites on its top. The highest level international cities can be called "World City" or "Global City". In today`s new international division of labor, they are diversified leading cities with control capacity on a world scale, like New York, London, and Tokyo. The secondary international cities are either diversified cities with influence and regulative functions on multinational scale or specialized cities on politics, economics, culture, or other aspects with worldwide impact. Judged by different criteria, there is no city that is qualified as International City with the exception of Hong Kong, which was returned to the P. R. of China in 1997. Nevertheless, Some favorable conditions for the development of the international city still exist in China. This country is already the sixth largest economic entity in the world, and the second largest one if GNP estimated by ppp. Furthermore its import and export value make up for 40% of its GNP, indicating that China is rapidly merging into global economy. In this 1.2 billion-population country, the difference of economic levels between urban and rural, coastal and inland regions is so big that a few metropolises in the coastal region have the possibilities and potentials to develop into international: cities regardless of rather low GNP per capita of the whole country. This article will focus on analysis from several perspectives, such as the proportion of foreign trade value in GDP, the proportion of imports and exports by foreign funded enterprises in total foreign trade value; distribution of the 500 largest foreign-funded enterprises; distribution of the 500 enterprises with largest import and export value; distribution of foreign computer and telecom companies with offices in China; the number of outward flights per week and the international tourists; the value of foreign capital used in cities and so on. From this analysis, it is predicted that Chinese international cities will surely emerge from the eastern coastal regions and they must be the core cities of metropolitan interlocking regions that have been formed or in the process of forming. Those international cities will arise from south to north in turn : Hong Kong-Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing-Tianjin, and perhaps the last one is Dalian-Shenyang. The other side of this issue is that there is a long way for the coming international cities in China except Hong Kong. At least China and these core cities must continually devote to (1) improve the regional composition of foreign capital sources. (2) improve the composition of export commodities. (3) improve the investment environment (including hard and soft environment) to attract more transnational corporations to settle, (4) deepen the reform of state-owned enterprises and establish Chinese own transnational corporations to enter the world market.

A SWITCHBOX ROUTER USING NEURAL NETWORK

Yi Xing Wang,Ryo Dang 대한전자공학회 1992 JTC-CSCC : Joint Technical Conference on Circuits Vol.- No.-

A Hierarchical Genetic Algorithm based RBF Neural Network Approach for Modelling of Electrohydraulic System

Xing Zong-yi,Zhang Yuan,Qin Yong,Jia Li-min,Wu Ying-ying 제어로봇시스템학회 2009 제어로봇시스템학회 국제학술대회 논문집 Vol.2009 No.8

The paper presents an approach to model the electrohydraulic system of a certain mine-sweeping weapon using the Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks. In order to obtain accurate and simple RBF neural networks efficiently, a hierarchical genetic algorithm (HGA) is used to train the neural networks, in which the number of hidden units and the parameters of centers are optimized by the HGA simultaneously. The spread factors and the weights of the neural networks are calculated by the linear algebra methods for relieving computational burden. The proposed algorithm is applied to the modelling of the electrohydraulic system, and the results clearly indicate that the obtained RBF neural network can model the hydraulic system satisfactorily. The comparison results also show that the proposed algorithm performs better than the traditional methods.

Characterization of Ecdysteroid UDP-Glucosyltransferase Gene Promoter from Bombyx mori Nucleopolyhedrovirus

( Xing Jia Shen ),( Yong Zhu Yi ),( Shun Ming Tang ),( Zhi Fang Zhang ),( Yi Ren Li ),( Jia Lu He ),( Xiang Fu Wu ) 한국잠사학회 2007 International Journal of Industrial Entomology Vol.8 No.2

Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus(BmNPV) ecdysteroid UDP-glucosyltransferase gene (egt) promoter fragments of different lengths were amplified from BmNPV ZJ-8 genomic DNA by PCR. Reporter plasmids pBmegt542-luc, pBmegt309-luc and pBmegtl59-luc with luciferase (luc) driven by egt promoters were constructed. Both in vitro and in vivo expressions showed that BmNPV egt promoter activity requires the transactivation of viral factor(s), and expression of luc was detected earliest at 24 hrs post infection (pi). BmNPV ZJ-8 homologous region 3 (hr3) increased the expression of luc by over 1,600-fold. Molting hormone of 1.0∼2.0㎍/㎖ can dramatically down regulate expression of luc. Juvenile hormone analogue of 0.5∼2.0㎍/㎖ increased expression of luc by 145.8% to 75.7%. Deletion assay revealed that the promoter fragment of 159 bp contains the basal promoter structure; Promoter fragments of 309 bp and 542 bp showed similar but much higher transcriptional activities than that of 159 bp, suggesting that nucleotide from -159 to -309 nt upstream the translation initiation site harbors the main cis-acting elements.