Cryptic diversity in the subfamily Calaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) uncovered by DNA barcoding

Yerim Lee,Wonhoon Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2016 No.04

Generally, in aphid groups, taxonomically deficient characters and high level of morphological plasticity induced by environmental factors make difficulties for species identification. To solve these problems, DNA barcoding has been widely used for rapid and reliable species identification in aphids. The subfamily Calaphidinae is the second largest group in the family Aphididae with about 400 species belong to 59 genera. But so far, no trial of DNA barcoding has been conducted for the subfamily Calaphidinae. In this study, a total of 446 Cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequences of 76 morphospecies collected in Korea and other countries were analyzed to detect cryptic diversity. In addition, 551 sequences of 74 species from the Genbank and BOLD system were compared with our new dataset. The final dataset consisted of 998 sequences of 115 species. As a results, we propose 12 cryptic species with discussion on morphological and ecological comparisons. Our results suggest that DNA barcoding is effective for precise species identification in this group and contributes to reveal hidden diversity.

First report of Invasive Populations of Asian Longhorn Beetle in Korea, with Evidence of Multiple Invasions

Seunghyun Lee,Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The notorious lamiine species Asian Longhorn Beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis, is one of the major invasive pests of street trees, which is an endemic species of Korea and China. By far, the distributional range of Korean A. glabripennis population is restricted to only central to northeastern forest region of South Korea. In this study, we found unreported A. glabripennis populations in 4 different port cities and adjacent cities. These new populations are found in very much urbanic regions; Incheon, western part of Seoul, Busan and Ulsan. These populations can be distinctly differentiated with previously reported populations by massive damage on trees, unusual usage of host plant and spotted elytral pattern. To test their identity, we analyse the genetic patterns of the A. glabripennis populations sampled across South Korea based on three mitochondrial genes, Cytochrome Oxidase I – leucin tRNA – Cytochrome Oxidase II (COI-tRNALeu- COII). Additionally, we used available sequences of COI - tRNALeu - COII of 104 Chinese and 15 Korean individuals from NCBI. Here we show that Korean population is distinctly divided into two major clades, namely native populations and non-native ones, with 0.7% ~ 1.2% of genetic divergence. Hence, the non-native ones can be divided into two subgroups, which we call Incheon-Seoul complex and Busan-Ulsan complex. We observed that these newly found groups, Incheon-Seoul complex and Busan-Ulsan complex share perfectly identical COI haplotype within each group. This study strongly suggests that newly found populations are introduced respectively and these populations might be derived from very small number of introduced founders.

DNA barcoding of the stem borer, Stathmopoda spp. (Lepidoptera: Stathmopodidae)

Sora Kim,Wonhoon Lee,Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

The mitochondrial COI gene has proven successful for identifying the lepidopteran species. In addition, this gene has been applied to recognize cryptic species and confirm a polyphagous species as one species. However, it has been also reported misidentification in the COI gene. As a result, some researchers have suggested the use of additional genes in species identification, especially, nuclear genes. In this study, we observed that a nuclear EF1agene is better than the mitochondrial COI gene in recognizing Stathmopoda species. For example, among the all species, 47 individuals of nine species, a large intraspecific pairwise difference were detected, up to 15.0% in universal barcoding regions of the COI gene, 22.0% in other part of the COI gene; however, 2.0% in EF1a. In contrast, Stathmopoda sp2 and S. commoda were separated into several clusters in each different COI regions, and some individuals of S. auriferella and S. commoda, were closer to each other separating from the cluster of the same species. But, we get clear results from the EF1a, Stathmopoda species well clustered and could be distinguished.

Notes on the subfamily Greenideinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Laos, with descriptions of two new species

Yerim Lee,김소라,Wonhoon Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2016 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.19 No.3

Two new species, Eutrichosiphum nasensis sp. nov. and Greenidea kheemoticola sp. nov., and two new records, Greenidea eugeniae Takahashi 1941 and Schoutedenia ralumensis Rübsaamen 1905, belonging to the subfamily Greenideinae Baker 1920 are described from Laos. E. nasensis sp. nov. is distinguished by unique abdominal pigmentation and the relative length of ultimate rostral segment and 2nd tarsal segment. G. kheemoticola sp. nov. is characterized by the relative length of siphunculus and the maximum width of same segment. Illustrations for above 4 species and identification key to all the species from Laos for apterous viviparous females are provided.

New Status of the Subgenus Nippocallis (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Calaphidinae), based on Molecular data

Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.04

The subgenus Nippocallis (Matsumura, 1917) is one of the 10 subgenera of the genus Tuberculatus Mordvilko, 1894. Originally, this subgenus was regarded as an independent genus of the subtribe Myzocallidina by the distinct morphological features and the host plant association with Castanea (Fagaceae). We performed molecular and morphological analyses to determine whether genus Nippocallis belongs to Tuberculatus group. Molecular analysis of the combined data set of Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I COI, Cytochrome B CytB and Elongation Factor I-alpha EF1α indicated that Nippocallis form a sister clade of the genus Myzocallis Passerini, 1860, apart from the genus Tuberculatus. In this contexts, we propose Nippocallis as a separate genus of the subtribe Myzocallidina.

New Record of Genus Micromyzodium (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from Korea

Yerim Lee,Hyojoong Kim,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.04

The aphid genus Micromyzodium David, 1958 is newly recognized in the Korean peninsula. This genus is characterized by very long dorsal abdominal hairs, almost 3-4 times as long as basal diameter of antennal segment III. Colonies of two Micromyzodium species; Micromyzodium kuwakuse Uye 1924 and Micromyzodium nipponicum Moritsu 1949 were collected on Fatoua villosa Nakai (Urticales: Moraceae) and Perilla frutescens Britton (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), respectively. In this study, we redescribed, illustrated, and measured for apterous viviparous females of the two species.

Acoustic stimuli as a feeding deterrent in the green peach aphid, Myzus persicae: Playback experiments

Yerim Lee,Bitna Lee,Youngkyo Jeon,Hyojoong Kim,Yikweon Jang 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

The green peach aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), is one of the most important insect pests in the world. We have explored the possibility of using sounds as a stressor to control this species. Five sine wave frequencies (100, 500, 1000, 5000, 10000 Hz) with combination of three intensity (66, 78, 90 dB) were used as acoustic stimuli in the playback experiments. For behavioral bioassay, we examined frequencies of honeydew production (HDP) and wagging behavior, and duration of moving behavior. The HDP occurs regularly during each stage of nymphal or mature period, and rate of the HDP indicates a degree of food consumption. Aphids conduct wagging to determine a host plant or to find a feeding site. The moving behavior may be regarded as dispersal. As results, all acoustic stimuli significantly reduced rate of the HDP and increased rate of the moving behavior. There was a significant effect to induce the moving behavior in the test of 5000 Hz. In addition, the acoustic stimuli using 5000 Hz were the most effective to disturb feeding behavior of M. persicae at an individual level.

Two new records of Calaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on Betula spp. (Fagals: Betulaceae) from Korea

Yerim Lee,Hyojoong Kim,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2013 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2013 No.10

On Birches (Betula spp.), more than seventy species of aphids in eighteen genera are recorded worldwide, mostly (> 60%) belonging to ten genera of the subfamily Calaphidinae (Hemiptera: Aphididae). In Korea, only seven Birch feeding aphids are recorded. Recently, we recognized two calaphinid species, Calaphis betulaecolens (Fitch, 1851) and Euceraphis betulae (Koch, 1855) as new to the Korean peninsula.

Host-associated Genetic Differentiation in the Cotton-melo Aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover

Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee,Hyojoong Kim 한국응용곤충학회 2012 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2012 No.05

Many polyphagous herbivore insects considered as a single species are indeed comprised of genetically differentiated host related races that utilize several unrelated plant families. Aphis gossypii Glover, one of the extremely polyphagous aphid species, has more than 100 host plants distributed worldwide. In Korea, it takes holocyclic life cycle, with a number of primary hosts, which is unusual for other aphid species. However, former population genetic studies on A. gossypii have dealt with the populations from only a few agricultural host plants. In this study, we hypothesized that different primary host utilization may be restricted for certain host races and this may play a key role of the genetic differentiation in this species. We collected the cotten aphid populations from 36 different host plants, 5 primary and 31 secondary hosts including various wild and non-cultivated plants. To determine population genetic structure, we analyzed genetic differentiation among those populations using 9 microsatellite loci. As results, four genetically distinct clusters were verified. Of the five primary host populations, there were significant gaps in genetic differences between Rhamnus-associated group and Hibiscus-associated group, and the other populations were affinitive with the Hibiscus-associated group. Overall, primary host populations have a higher level of genetic diversity than secondary host populations. Several populations associated with secondary hosts such as spiderwort, madder, and Korean lettuce were considerably differentiated in the result of principle component analysis, which nearly showed the species level difference similar to Aphis glycines Matsumura and Aphis sp. ex Rhamnus. Thus, there could be reproductively isolated by the loss of primary hosts, and might be already speciated from A. gossypii

Taxonomic Review of the Genus Mesocallis Matsumura, 1919 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Korea

Yerim Lee,Seunghwan Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

The genus Mesocallis Matsumura, 1919 is reviewed from the Korean peninsula. Total of five species are recognized by adding two new and one new unrecorded species to current two recorded species. In this study, diagnosis and illustrations for all five species are presented.