Pretreatment and Saccharification of Rice Hulls for the Production of Fermentable Sugars

Gong-Yuan Wei,Wa Gao,II-Hyuck Jin,Su-Young Yoo,이재헌,Chung-Han Chung,이진우 한국생물공학회 2009 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.14 No.6

Hydrolytic conditions of rice hulls by acid and alkaline treatments before enzymatic saccharification were optimized in this study. Based on the results of single-factor experiments and an orthogonal array experiment, reaction time was found to be the most important factor for the acidic hydrolysis of rice hulls. Maximum yield of sugars from 1 g of rice hulls by acidic treatment under optimized conditions was 213.6 mg. The yield of lignin removal from acidic pretreated rice hulls by alkaline treatment increased with increase in reaction temperature and time. The amount of sugars obtained from 1 g of pretreated rice hulls by enzymatic saccharification was 307.7 mg, and the conversion rate of sugars from crude fibers in pretreated rice hulls was about 72%. Instrumental analyses with FTIR and SEM indicated that lignin in rice hulls was partially removed by alkaline treatment, and the structure of rice hulls became deformed and more fibers were exposed to cellulases after acidic treatment

Inhibition of Citrate Synthase Thermal Aggregation In Vitro by Recombinant Small Heat Shock Proteins

Wei Na Gong,Ming Yue,Bing Yan Xie,Fang Hao Wan,Jian Ying Guo 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 2009 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.19 No.12

Influence of Majorana doublet on transport through a quantum dot system with ferromagnetic leads

Wei-Jiang Gong,Zhen Gao,Xiao-Qi Wang 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.10

We investigate the electron transport through a quantum dot connected with two ferromagnetic leads, by coupling one Majorana doublet laterally to the quantum dot. It is found that Majorana doublet keeps the value of zero-bias conductance to be independent of the shift of structural parameters, including dot level, relative lead-magnetization direction, and magnetic field on the dot. Even in the cases of asymmetric dot-lead couplings, the zero-bias conductance is weakly dependent on the relative leadmagnetization direction. On the other hand, when Majorana doublet is replaced by Majorana singlet, the zero-bias conductance value becomes sensitive to the structural parameters. Via analyzing the respective particle motion processes, the different influences of Majorana doublet and singlet are explained. We believe that this work can be helpful for understanding the peculiar properties of Majorana doublet.

Andreev reflections in a Y-shaped junction with Majorana zero mode

Wei-Jiang Gong,Xiao-Qi Wang,Guang-Yu Yi,Yu Han 한국물리학회 2016 Current Applied Physics Vol.16 No.7

We investigate the Andreev transports through a double-dot Y-shaped junction with Majorana zero mode. It is observed that the additional direct coupling between the dots plays a nontrivial role in manipulating the Andreev transports. Due to its existence, finite magnetic flux can be introduced through this structure to adjust the local and crossed Andreev reflections in different ways. As a result, changing the interdot coupling is able to enhance the crossed Andreev reflection and weaken the local one at the same time in both the linear and nonlinear transport regions. Such a work can be helpful for controlling the Andreev transport behaviors related to Majorana bound state.

Impurities-contributed abnormal thermoelectric effect in a parallel double quantum dot structure

Wei-Jiang Gong,Hui-Min Wang,Yu Han,Si-Jing Zhang 한국물리학회 2014 Current Applied Physics Vol.14 No.1

We discuss the influence of local impurities on the thermoelectric effect in a parallel double quantum dot (QD) structure. It is first found that in this structure, the Fano effect contributes significantly to the enhancement of thermoelectric efficiency, especially in the case of f ¼ p. Next, impurities are introduced to couple to the QDs, respectively. We readily find that regardless of which QD is coupled to a local impurity, the thermoelectric efficiency can be enhanced by the strengthening of impurityeQD coupling. This means that the destruction of the Fano interference is not the necessary condition to suppress the thermoelectric effect. Accordingly, we hope that the numerical results can help to understand the role of impurities in adjusting the thermoelectric properties of the QD structure.

Universal transport properties of a quantum dot system with a laterally-coupled Majorana zero mode

Wei-Jiang Gong,Ying Zhao,Zhen Gao,Shu-Feng Zhang 한국물리학회 2015 Current Applied Physics Vol.15 No.4

We present a comprehensive analysis about the transport properties of a quantum dot (QD) system with a side-coupled Majorana zero mode. Our calculation result shows that when the coupling manners between the two leads and QDs are identical, the local Andreev reflection and the interlead normal tunneling have the same magnitude at the zero-bias limit. Accordingly, the zero-bias conductance value is always equal to e2/2h, which is exactly one half of the resonant-tunneling conductance. This result is independent of the level number and the level distribution in the single-QD case, and in the coupled-QD case it is irrelevant to the geometry of the QD molecule. The universal transport property is a powerful evidence for the feasibility to detect the MBSs based on a QD circuit. This result also means that the QD condition is not a key factor to achieve the detection. On the other hand, if the decoupling phenomenon appears, the Majorana zero mode may play a trivial role in contributing to the conductance property.

Comparative study of a typical model between beijing courtyard and fujian Earth Building

Gong Wei qing,Dai Jian 국제온돌학회 2009 International Journal of Ondol Vol.2009 No.-

In this paper, the Beijing courtyard and Fujian Earth Building--model for two typical entry points, through both a comparative analysis of the typical form and from the perspective of traditional Chinese culture to explain the differences between the two shapes in order to explore the south and the north of China s residential cultural similarities and differences.

Molecular cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression analysis of heat shock protein genes (hsp70 and hsp90) of the invasive alien weed, Ageratina adenophora (Asteraceae)

Gong, Wei Na,Xie, Bing Yan,Wan, Fang Hao,Guo, Jian Ying The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgra 2010 Weed Biology and Management Vol.10 No.2

An invasive alien weed, Ageratina adenophora, has become widespread in the southwest of China due to its high environmental adaptation. In the present study, in order to understand the molecular aspects of resistance to heat and cold stress, we investigated the characterization and expression of heat shock protein genes (designated as Aahsp70 and Aahsp90) in A. adenophora. The cDNA of A. adenophora Aahsp70 and Aahsp90 was cloned by the combination of homology cloning and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analyses revealed that Aahsp70 and Aahsp90 shared high levels of identity with corresponding proteins from other species. Hybridization was employed to examine the expression patterns of Aahsp70 and Aahsp90. The relative expression levels of the Aahsp70 and Aahsp90 transcripts were both up-regulated and reached maximal levels at 2-4 h after heat shock. Then, Aahsp70 dropped progressively to the original level at ~4 h after heat shock. The transcriptional changes of Aahsp70 and Aahsp90 both were more obvious under cold stress. Recombinant Aahsp70 and Aahsp90 improved the viability, in comparison with the control cultures, of Escherichia coli under stress conditions. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the cell lysates suggested that the protective effect in vivo was related to increased thermo-stability of the soluble cytosolic proteins. This study emphasizes that the relationship between, and regulation of, heat shock proteins might incorporate variable strengths to increase the adaptation of A. adenophora.

Overproduction of Glutathione by L-Cysteine Addition and a Temperature-shift Strategy

Gong-Yuan Wei,Da-Hui Wang,Jian Chen 한국생물공학회 2008 Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering Vol.13 No.3

The present study investigated the effects of three constituent amino acids on glutathione production in flask culture of Candida utilis. Although L-glutamic acid and glycine had little impact on cell growth and glutathione biosynthesis, L-cysteine positively influenced glutathione production, despite inhibiting cell growth when it was added prior to stationary phase. Adding 8 mmol/L of L-cysteine to the culture broth at 16 h boosted glutathione production by 91%, increasing the intracellular glutathione content by 106% compared to untreated controls. A temperature-shift strategy, in which we shifted batch and fed-batch cultures of C. utilis from 30 to 26℃, also significantly enhanced glutathione production. Applying both strategies (i.e. adding 20 mmol/L L-cysteine and shifting the temperature from 30 to 26℃) at 33 h enhanced the glutathione concentration and the intracellular glutathione content to 1,312 mg/L and 3.75%, respectively, during fed-batch cultivation (glucose feeding at a constant rate of 18.3 g/h). The average specific glutathione production rate under this condition was 129% higher than that of the control without strategy.

Evaluating the monthly and interannual variation of net primary production in response to climate in Wuhan during 2001 to 2010

Wei Gong,Lunche Wang,Aiwen Lin,Miao Zhang 한국지질과학협의회 2012 Geosciences Journal Vol.16 No.3

As the difference between photosynthesis, or gross primary productivity (GPP), and autotrophic respiration (RA), net primary productivity (NPP) is a key component of the terrestrial carbon cycle. The temporal and spatial response of NPP to climate change is thus one of the most important aspects in the study of climate-vegetation relationship. In this study, we developed a new method to estimate NPP accurately by finding a linear relationship between solar radiation and photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and improving maximum light use efficiency (LUE) of vegetation, which could be adopted and used in other regions of the world. We utilize normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) datasets of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) from 2001 to 2010 and geographic information system (GIS) techniques to reveal the monthly and interannual change of NPP in Wuhan, China. We also applied the lagged cross-correlation analysis method to study the delayed and continuous effects on monthly and interannual variations of NPP to climatic factors (air temperature, precipitation, total radiation and sunshine percentage). The result showed that precipitation and total radiation were the major climatic factors influencing monthly variation of NPP, and sunshine percentage mostly determined the interannual variation of NPP for different vegetation. Monthly NPP showed significant positive correlation with total radiation of that month, and the effect could persist for one month; significant positive one month lagged correlation was also observed between monthly variation of NPP and precipitation, and the influences of changing climate on NPP would last for two months