전자정보 접근 방법의 법적 문제 - 진술거부권과 관계를 중심으로 -

趙成焄 ( Cho¸ Sunghun ) 법조협회 2020 法曹 Vol.69 No.6

최근 전자정보에 대한 압수ㆍ수색에서 아이디, 패스워드와 같은 ‘접근권한정보’ 또는 ‘암호화 정보’ 취득과 그 적법성의 문제가 중요한 문제로 떠오르고 있다. 본 문헌은 ‘접근권한정보’나 ‘암호화 정보’의 규범적 성격을 밝히고, 그 취득을 위한 수사기관 활동의 적법성 판단기준을 특히 특히 진술거부권과 관계를 중심으로 논의하였다. 접근권한정보, 암호화 정보를 이용한 전자정보 수집에는 다양한 방법이 존재하며 그에 따라 살펴봐야 할 법적 쟁점에 차이가 있다. 본 문헌은 ① 접근권한정보 등의 ‘진술’, ② 접근권한정보 등을 입력하는 ‘행위’, ③ 접근권한정보 등으로 사용되는 ‘생체정보’로 유형화한 후, 특히 진술거부권과 관계에서 적법성 판단기준을 살펴보았다. 접근권한정보와 암호화 정보는 진술거부권의 보호 대상이며, 접근권한정보 등을 입력하는 ‘행위’, 접근권한정보 등으로 사용되는 ‘생체정보’에도 상응하는 보호가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 물론 ‘접근권한정보 등’에 진술거부권에 의한 보호를 인정하려는 시도가 실체진실의 발견을 저해하는 결과가 된다는 반론도 가능하다. 우리의 암호 관련 법 제도는, 정부도 민간에 대한 암호화 관련 규제를 하지 않지만, 다른 한편으로 형사소송법 등의 관련 절차에 어긋나지 않는 한 수사기관의 암호해제 시도 그 자체를 따로 제한할 법적 근거도 없는 것이라 할 수 있다. 본 문헌은 위와 같은 현재의 법 상태가 암호를 통한 프라이버시 보호라는 사익과 수사를 통해 달성하는 공익이 나름의 균형을 이룬 상태라는 전제에서 논의를 전개하였다. 향후 암호 관련 적절한 규제 수준과 그 평가방법은 어떠한 것인가라는 문제에 대하여도 진지한 논의가 필요할 것이다. Recently, issues of “access information” or “encryption information” such as IDs and passwords have emerged as important issues in the searches and seizures of electronic information. This paper reveals the normative nature of access information and encryption and discusses the criteria for determining the legality of investigative agency activities for its acquisition, especially focusing on the right to silence. First, I classified various methods for collecting data into (1) asking the ‘statement’ of access information, (2) requesting ‘actions’ such as entering access information, and (3) collecting ‘biometric information’ used as access information. Then, I reviewed the judging criteria for legality in relation to the right to silence. Access information and encryption should be protected by the right to silence. In addition, corresponding protection should be provided for ‘biometric information’ used as access information and ‘actions’ such as entering access information. It is possible to argue that attempts to recognize protection by the right to silence on access information and encryption will result in hindering the discovery of the truth. Our legal system does not impose encryption-related regulations on the private sector, but on the other hand, there is no legal basis to restrict the investigative agency’s attempts to decrypt unless they violate the criminal procedure law. This paper developed the discussion on the premise that the current legal system is balanced between the private interest of protecting privacy through encryption and the public interest achieved through investigation. In the future, serious discussions will be needed on the issue of appropriate levels of regulation on passwords and how they are assessed.

A 4-Channel Multi-Rate VCSEL Driver with Automatic Power, Magnitude Calibration using High-Speed Time-Interleaved Flash-SAR ADC in 0.13 ㎛ CMOS

Cho, Sunghun,Lee, DongSoo,Lee, Juri,Park, Hyung-Gu,Pu, YoungGun,Yoo, Sang-Sun,Hwang, Keum Cheol,Yang, Youngoo,Park, Cheon-Seok,Lee, Kang-Yoon The Institute of Electronics and Information Engin 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.3

This paper presents a 4-channel multi-rate vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver. In order to keep the output power constant with respect to the process, voltage, temperature (PVT) variations, this research proposes automatic power and magnitude. For the fast settling time, the high-speed 10-bit time-interleaved Flash-successive approximation analog to digital converter (Flash-SAR ADC) is proposed and shared for automatic power and magnitude calibration to reduce the die area and power consumption. This chip is fabricated using $0.13-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology and the die area is $4.2mm^2$. The power consumption is 117.84 mW per channel from a 3.3 V supply voltage at 10 Gbps. The measured resolution of bias /modulation current for APC/AMC is 0.015 mA.

Synthesis of GaAs/SiO2 Nanocomposite Films by Using an Alternating Sputtering Method

Sunghun Cho,Soonil Lee,Hanjo Lim 한국물리학회 2007 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.51 No.5

We fabricated GaAs/SiO$_2$ nanocomposite films at room temperature via the sequential sputtering of very thin layers of GaAs and SiO$_2$, which resulted in GaAs nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in a SiO$_2$ glass matrix. The high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) examination showed that the diameter of GaAs nanoparticles embedded in SiO$_2$ matrix depended on the nominal thickness of the GaAs layers. The blue-shift of the absorption edges gave not only the corroborating evidence for the systematic variation of the GaAs-nanoparticle size but also enabled us to estimate the diameter of GaAs nanoparticles quantitatively, which turned out to be consistent with the HRTEM observation. In addition to confirming the results of stylus, HRTEM, and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) measurements, the analysis of variable-angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) spectra based on the effective medium theory revealed an interesting size-dependence of the complex refractive index of the GaAs nanoparticles.

Fabrication of water-dispersible and highly conductive PSS-doped PANI/graphene nanocomposites using a high-molecular weight PSS dopant and their application in H2S detection.

Cho, Sunghun,Lee, Jun Seop,Jun, Jaemoon,Kim, Sung Gun,Jang, Jyongsik RSC Pub 2014 Nanoscale Vol.6 No.24

<P>This work describes the fabrication of poly(4-styrenesulfonic acid)-doped polyaniline/graphene (PSS-doped PANI/graphene) nanocomposites and their use as sensing elements for hydrogen sulfide (H2S) detection. PSS with a weight-average molecular weight (Mw) of 1.96 10(6) was synthesized using low-temperature free-radical polymerization. The PSS was used as both a doping agent and a binding agent for the polymerization of aniline monomers in a biphasic system (water-chloroform) at -50 C. The high Mw of PSS resulted in relatively large particle sizes and smooth surfaces of the PSS-doped PANI. These physical characteristics, in turn, resulted in low interparticle resistance and high conductivity. In addition, the PSS allowed homogeneous dispersion of reduced graphene sheets through electrostatic repulsion. The prepared PSS-doped PANI/graphene solutions showed good compatibility with flexible poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) substrates, making them suitable for flexible sensor electrodes. Changes in the charge-transport properties, such as protonation level, conjugation length, crystalline structure, and charge-transfer resistance, of the electrode materials were the main factors influencing the electrical and sensor performance of the PSS-doped PANI-based electrodes. PSS-doped PANI/graphene composites containing 30 wt% graphene showed the highest conductivity (168.4 S cm(-1)) and the lowest minimum detection level (MDL) for H2S gas (1 ppm). This result is consistent with the observed improvements in charge transport in the electrode materials via strong π-π stacking interactions between the PANI and the graphene sheets.</P>

Polyaniline porous counter-electrodes for high performance dye-sensitized solar cells

Cho, Sunghun,Hwang, Sun Hye,Kim, Chanhoi,Jang, Jyongsik The Royal Society of Chemistry 2012 Journal of materials chemistry Vol.22 No.24

<P>Porous polyaniline–camphorsulfonic acid (PANI–CSA) counter-electrodes (CEs) for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated by secondary doping-based polymerization with different porogen decomposition. The average pore diameter was <I>ca.</I> 50 and 150 nm for BPO and AIBN, respectively. The increased Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area of porous PANI–CSA CEs facilitated facile electron exchange between the CEs and the redox electrolyte, resulting in higher electro-catalytic performance than that of Pt-coated indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) CE. The porous PANI–CSA nanostructures with increased BET surface area exhibited an equivalent incident photon-to-electron conversion efficiency (IPCE) of 68.86% and a power-conversion efficiency (PCE, <I>η</I>) of 6.23% compared to DSSCs containing Pt-coated ITO CE (IPCE of 68.70% and <I>η</I> = 6.17%). It is noteworthy that the performance of DSSCs with porous PANI–CSA CEs represented a 101.0% relative efficiency compared to Pt-coated CEs.</P> <P>Graphic Abstract</P><P>A novel method for enhancing the power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) is demonstrated by incorporating polyaniline porous counter electrodes (CEs) into the DSSCs. <IMG SRC='http://pubs.rsc.org/services/images/RSCpubs.ePlatform.Service.FreeContent.ImageService.svc/ImageService/image/GA?id=c2jm30594a'> </P>

Content Analysis of Loliolide in the Leaves of Boehmeria nivea by HPLC/UV

Sunghun Cho,Jaemin Lee,Sanghoon Yang,Yong-Su Jung,Ho Bang Kim,Eun Ju Cho,Sanghyun Lee 한국약용작물학회 2015 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.1

Content Analysis of Loliolide in the Leaves of Boehmeria nivea by HPLC/UV

Sunghun Cho,Jaemin Lee,Sanghoon Yang,Yong-Su Jung,Ho Bang Kim,Eun Ju Cho,Sanghyun Lee 한국약용작물학회 2015 한국약용작물학술대회 발표집 Vol.2015 No.05

Content analysis of loliolide in the leaves of Boehmeria nivea (Bn) collected from different region during four months (June, July, August, and September) was conducted by HPLC. The content of loliolide was detected in the leaves of B. nivea from Bns-2, -7, -10, -23, -38, -41, -67, -76, and -90 in June (5.02, 6.35, 6.93, 5.89, 4.31, 4.24, 4.91, 5.12, and 5.46 mg/g, respectively), July (4.32, 6.42, 7.72, 7.97, 4.05, 4.32, 5.65, 6.67, and 5.39 mg/g, respectively), August (3.52, 5.17, 3.90, 4.27, 3.26, 4.72, 3.82, 3.30, and 3.31 mg/g, respectively), and September (7.04, 7.25, 7.43, 7.86, 6.76, 6.38, 7.60, 6.79, and 4.77 mg/g, respectively). Among them, the highest content of loliolide was found in Bn-23 and in September. These results may be useful in determining the optimal harvest time at which phytochemical reaches a maximum level.

Poly(vinylidene fluoride)/NH₂-Treated Graphene Nanodot/Reduced Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites with Enhanced Dielectric Performance for Ultrahigh Energy Density Capacitor

Cho, Sunghun,Lee, Jun Seop,Jang, Jyongsik American Chemical Society 2015 ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES Vol.7 No.18

<P>This work describes a ternary nanocomposite system, composed of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), NH<SUB>2</SUB>-treated graphene nanodots (GNDs), and reduced graphene oxides (RGOs), for use in high energy density capacitor. When the RGO sheets were added to PVDF matrix, the β-phase content of PVDF became higher than that of the pristine PVDF. The surface-treatment of GNDs with an ethylenediamine can promote the hydrogen bonding interactions between the GNDs and PVDF, which promote the formation of β-phase PVDF. This finding could be extended to combine the advantages of both RGO and NH<SUB>2</SUB>-treated GND for developing an effective and reliable means of preparing PVDF/NH<SUB>2</SUB>-treated GND/RGO nanocomposite. Relatively small amounts of NH<SUB>2</SUB>-treated GND/RGO cofillers (10 vol %) could make a great impact on the α → β phase transformation, dielectric, and ferroelectric properties of the ternary nanocomposite. The resulting PVDF/NH<SUB>2</SUB>-treated GND/RGO nanocomposite exhibited higher dielectric constant (ε′ ≈ 60.6) and larger energy density (<I>U</I><SUB>e</SUB> ≈ 14.1 J cm<SUP>–3</SUP>) compared with the pristine PVDF (ε′ ≈ 11.6 and <I>U</I><SUB>e</SUB> ≈ 1.8 J cm<SUP>–3</SUP>).</P><P><B>Graphic Abstract</B> <IMG SRC='http://pubs.acs.org/appl/literatum/publisher/achs/journals/content/aamick/2015/aamick.2015.7.issue-18/acsami.5b01430/production/images/medium/am-2015-01430f_0010.gif'></P><P><A href='http://pubs.acs.org/doi/suppl/10.1021/am5b01430'>ACS Electronic Supporting Info</A></P>

Original Article: Bioactive Materials : Analysis of the 6-gingerol Content in Zingiber spp. and their Commercial Foods using HPLC

( Sunghun Cho ),( Dong Gu Lee ),( Sullim Lee ),( Sungwook Chae ),( Sanghyun Lee ) 한국응용생명화학회 2015 Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry (J. Appl. Vol.58 No.4

The content analysis of 6-gingerol, which is an active compound, in Zingiber spp. (Z. officinale and Z. mioga) and their commercial foods (ginger teas and powders) was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography. A reverse phase system was used, with a gradient solvent system of water and acetonitrile. The 6-gingerol content was highest in the methanol extract of Z. officinale root (17.09 mg/g extract) and ginger powder B (15.92 mg/g extract). The results demonstrated that this method was simple and reliable for the quality control of Zingiber commercial foods.

A 4-Channel Multi-Rate VCSEL Driver with Automatic Power, Magnitude Calibration using High-Speed Time-Interleaved Flash-SAR ADC in 0.13 μm CMOS

Sunghun Cho,DongSoo Lee,Juri Lee,Hyung-Gu Park,YoungGun Pu,Sang-Sun Yoo,Keum Cheol Hwang,Youngoo Yang,Cheon-Seok Park,Kang?Yoon Lee 대한전자공학회 2016 Journal of semiconductor technology and science Vol.16 No.3

This paper presents a 4-channel multi-rate vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) driver. In order to keep the output power constant with respect to the process, voltage, temperature (PVT) variations, this research proposes automatic power and magnitude. For the fast settling time, the high-speed 10-bit time-interleaved Flash-successive approximation analog to digital converter (Flash-SAR ADC) is proposed and shared for automatic power and magnitude calibration to reduce the die area and power consumption. This chip is fabricated using 0.13-μm CMOS technology and the die area is 4.2 mm². The power consumption is 117.84 mW per channel from a 3.3 V supply voltage at 10 Gbps. The measured resolution of bias /modulation current for APC/AMC is 0.015 mA.