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장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4
Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.
鄭宇珪,孫玲杰,成敏雄,金鼎錫 慶尙大學校 기초과학연구소 1992 基礎科學硏究所報 Vol.8 No.-
In this study the relationship among Juniperus chinensis and its seven varieties-J. chinensis var. procumbens, J. chinensis var. horizontalis, J. chinensis var sargentii, J. chinensis var, kaizuka, J. chinensis var. aureo-variegata, J. chinensis var. globosa, J. chinensis var. aureo-globosa-and J. rigida was studied by using the karyological methods. The results obtained from this study were as follows : In the karyotype analysis, J. chinensis, J. chinensis var. horizontalis, J. chinensis var. sargentii, J. chinensis var. globosa, J. chinensis var. aureo-globosa, and J. rigida were diploid with 2n=22, although J. chinensis var. procumbens, J. chinensis var. kaizuka and J. chinensis var. aureo-variegata were tetraploid with 2n=44. According to descending order of the total length of the chromosomes and the length of short and long arms, from the arrangement order of chromosomes and the position of centromeres, J. chinensis var. procumbens and J. chinensis var. horizontalis were categorized into the first group J. chinensis var. kaizuka and J. chinensis var. aureo-variegata were into the second group, and J. chinensis var, globosa and J. chinensis var. aureo-globosa were into the third group, respectively. Aneuploid(2n=26) in the C-band staining of J. chinensis var. aureo-variegata was identified, although it normally showed 2n=44 as karyotype. Because light was emitted from all chromatids of the samples by fluorescent light staining with DAPI, A-T rich regions would be located all over the chromatids.
가스누출 감지용 실리콘 압저항형 절대압센서의 제조 및 온도보상
손승현,이재곤,김우정,최시영 경북대학교 센서기술연구소 1997 센서技術學術大會論文集 Vol.8 No.1
Silicon piezoresistive absolute pressure sensor for gas leakage alarm system was developed. This sensor must operate normally in the range of 0-600 mmH_(2)O for pressure, 0-100 ℃ for temperature. To make the most of this sensor for gas leakage alarm system, gas must not leak from sensor itself when sensor-diaphragm fractures. Thus the sealed diaphragm cavity was anodically bonded to pyrex 7740 glass under the condition of ~2 mtorr, at 400 °C. The sensitivity of developed sensor was 4.06 μV/VmmH_(2)O for 600 mmH_(2)O full-scale pressure range. And temperature compensation method of this sensor is to change bridge-input-voltage linearly in proportion to the temperature variation. By this method the temperature effect in the range of 0-100 C was compensated over 90 %.
새로운 구조의 챠지펌프 방식를 사용한 직류-직류 변환기설계
한정우,손상희 청주대학교 산업과학연구소 2014 産業科學硏究 Vol.31 No.2
In this paper, output voltage conversion type of DC to DC converter using charge pump method is newly proposed and designed. In conventional cross-coupled charge pump, simulation results show that output voltage is 5.93V and efficiency is 99% and numbers of capacitor are 3 in case of step-up factor, 2. But simulation results using proposed charge pump in same condition show that output voltage is 5.96V and efficiency is 99% and numbers of capacitor are 2. From the simulation results, we know that output voltage and efficiency is similar between cross-coupled charge pump and proposed charge pump. But reducing capacitor makes chip size small and decrease cost down. In the proposed circuit, it is possible to remove the body effect secondary effective MOS by adding a body control system. It is possible to prevent that it is possible to prevent the shift in the threshold voltage of the MOS by the body controls, a result, the efficiency of the overall circuit is reduced. Also output voltage conversion is accomplished by varying the resistance ratio of the switch. Circuit simulations are executed with the design rule of magnachip 5V/30V 0.7um power-CMOS(Complementary Metal-Oxide Semiconductor) process and Cadence Spectre simulator.
정미라,손우성 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.3
이상적 교합이란 치아의 교합이 저작계의 다른 부분과 기능적으로 조화를 이루고, 중심교합상태에서 양측으로 동시에 균일한 접촉을 이루는 것을 말한다. 악골의 양측을 이용한 균형된 저작은 양측의 균등한 견치유도와 기능적 능력에 의해 가능해지지만 교합간섭이나 저작계에 대한 기능적 요구의 감소로 좌우측중 어느 한쪽만을 선호하는 편측 저작양상이 유도되기도 한다. 편측저작은 악골의 발육, 교합 및 안면의 전체적인 형태에 이르기까지 악안면 전체에 형태적, 기능적인 부전을 초래할 잠재성을 가진 증상이나 이에 대한 연구가 많지 않다. 본 연구는 저작습관의 분포를 알아보고, 저작습관에 따른 교합력의 차이와 안면골격형태를 비교 연구할 복적으로 시도하였다. 부산대학교 치과대학 재학생 186명을 대상으로 설문지를 이용하여 저작습관에 따라 양측저작군과 편측저작군으로 나누어 저작습관의분포를 조사하였고, 이 중 두개안면부의 성장발육에 영향을 미칠만한 질병에 이환되지 않았고 측모가 양호하며 Angle 분류 Ⅰ급의 교합상태를 보이면서 교정치료와 보철치료를 받은 경험이 없고 악관절 질환이 없는자 중 양측저작자와 편측저작자 각각 25명을 선정하여 교합력계(MPM 3000)를 이용하여 최대교합력을 측정하고, 정모두부방사선규격사진을 촬영하여 안면골격형태를 비교연구하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 저작습관은 양측저작자(68%)가 많았으며, 편측저작자 중 68%는 우측을, 32%는 좌측의 저작을 선호하였다. 2. 양측저작군은 좌우측의 최대교합력이 비슷하였고, 편측저작군은 저작측이 비저작측보다 교합력이 컸으며 특히 여자에서 그 차가 뚜렷하였다. 편측저작군은 양측저작군에 비해 저작측은 교합력이 컸으며, 비저작측은 작았지만 유의성은 없었다. 저작습관에 상관없이 남자가 여자보다 교합력이 컸으며 남자는 여자의 교합력의 약 2배정도이었다. 남,녀를 합한 경우 편측저작군의 저작측은 양측저작군의 교합력과 비슷하였으나 비저작측은 그것보다 작았다. 3. 정모두부반사선규격사진을 이용하여 안면골격형태를 비교한 결과 양측저작군의 좌우측, 편측저작군의 저작측과 비저작측간에 차이가 없었다. This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of the chewing side preference and variations in the maximum bite force and facial morphology according to chewing side preference since unilateral chewing may cause morphologic and functional anomalies. 50 dental students who had no signs or symptoms of masticatory system and Angle's Class Ⅰ relationship in posterior segments were selected, and divided into two groups, that is, 25 in bilateral chewing group(19 male and 6 female) and 25 in unilateral chewing group(10 male and 15 female). Maximum bite force was estimated and posteroanterior cephalogram were measured and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1. There were more students with bilateral chewing side preference(68%) and unilateral chewing side group consisted of right side preference(68%) and left side preference(32%). 2. There was no significant difference in the strength of max. bite force between the right and left side in bilateral chewing group. The bite force of the chewing side was greater in the unilateral chewing group but less in the non-chewing side compared to those of bilateral chewing group with no significant difference. Max. bite force of chewing side was greater than that of non-chewing side in the unilateral chewing group(Female : p<0.05). Max. bite force of males was about twice in that of females in both groups(p<0.05). Max. bite force of chewing side of the unilateral chewing group was similar to that of the bilateral chewing group, but that of non-chewing side was less than that of the bilateral chewing group. 3. In comparision of the facial morphology, there was no statistically significant difference in the size between the right and left side of the bilateral chewing group and between chewing and non-chewing side of the unilateral chewing group.
골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합자의 편악수술과 양악수술후 재발경향에 관한 비교연구
김정록,손우성 대한치과교정학회 1995 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.25 No.5
본 연구는 골격성 Ⅲ급 부정교합 환자에서 술전 상태오 수술방법 사이의 관계 및 악교정 수술후 재발경향을 조사하기 위하여 시행하였다. 연구 대상으로는 악교정수술을 받은 31명(남자 17명, 여자 14명)을 선택하였고, 이중 20명은 편악수술, 11명은 양악수술을 시행하였으며, 평균연령은 22.5세였다. 각 대상에서 술전, 수술직후, 1년 이상 경과 후의 측모두부방사선 규격사진을 채득하여, 투사도를 작성하고, 분석하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 하악만을 수술한 군보다 양악 동시수술군에서 하악체의 길이가 4.24mm, 하안모 고경의 길이가 4.64mm, 하순의 길이가 4.13mm 더 길게 나타났으며, 반면 수평피개도는 3.13mm 더 작게 나타났다. 2. 하악만을 수술한 군에서 8.95±4.45mm 하악이 후방이동되었으며, 양악 동시수술군에서 상악은 5.15±3.46mm 전방이동되었고, 하악은 7.24±9.11mm 후방이동되었다. 3. 최소 1년 이상 경과 후와 수술직후의 변화에 있어서 양악 동시수술군에서 A point는 1.02±2.14mm, Pn에서는 1.05±1.48mm, Sn에서는 1.55±1.37mm 후방이동되었다. 4. 최소 1년 이상 경과 후와 수술직후의 변화에 있어서 B point에서 하악만을 수술한 군은 28% 양악 동시수술군은 8%, B´point에서 하악만을 수술한 군은 24%, 양악 동시수술군은 3% 전방이동되었다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the degree of relapse following orthognathic surgery and the relationship between preoperative state and the methods of orthognathic surgery in skeletal Class Ⅲ patients. Thirty-one patients were selected(17 men, and 14 women) for this study, who had received orthognathic surgery(20 one jaw surgery, and 11 two jaw surgery). The mean age was 22.5 years. Their lateral cephalograms, that were taken preoperatively, immediate postoperatively and follow-up over one year, were traced and analysed. The results were as follows : 1. In two jaw surgery, mandibular length, lower facial height and lower lip length were 4.24mm, 4.64mm and 4.13mm longer than in one jaw surgery, respectively. But in two jaw surgery, overjet was 31.3mm shorter than in one jaw surgery. 2. In one jaw surgery, mandible was move back 8.95±4.45mm at B point. In two jaw surgery, maxilla was moved forward 5.15±3.46mm and mandible was moved back 7.24±9.11mm at B point. 3. Between postoperation and follow-up over on year, A point, A´point, Pn and Sn were moved backward 1.02±2.14mm, 1.73±1.63mm, 1.05±1.48mm and 1.55±1.37mm in two jaw surgery, respectively. 4. Between postoperation and follow-up over one year, in one jaw surgery, B point was moved forward 2.58±4.22mm and B´point was moved forward 1.95±4.39mm. In two jaw surgery, B point was moved forward 0.65±2.88mm and B´point was moved forward 0.19±3.32mm. In one jaw surgery, relapse rate was 28% at B point and 24% at B´point, whereas in two jaw surgery, relapse rate was 8% at B point and 3% at B´point.
인터넷 게임을 이용한 초 중등학생용 과학 실험 자료의 개발
이봉우,신영준,손정우 仁川敎育大學校 科學敎育硏究所 2004 과학교육논총 Vol.16 No.-
본 연구는 인터넷 게임을 기반으로 초·중학교 학생들의 과학적 탐구 능력을 기를 수 있는 다양한 실험 활동들을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있으며, 인터넷 기반의 게임으로 구현하는 방법과 과정에 대한 것이다. 게임의 장르 중 어드벤처 게임 형식을 택하여 학생들의 예측·분석·판단의 기능과 과학 탐구 능력을 기를 수 있는 방법을 모색하였다. 특히 오프라인에서의 실험 경험과 온라인에서의 게임을 결합한 새로의 형태의 과학 학습 프로그램 제작 과정을 개발하여 구현하였다. 그리고, 인터넷에 기반한 게임 속에 실험 활동을 구현하는 방안과 게임을 통한 과학 실험 교수·학습 모형을 구안하였다. The purpose of this study is to develop science experimental materials using internet game for elementary and middle school students. Adventure game type is used in this internet game based learning(IGBL). Through this program, we searched methods for nurturing of Students' scientific inquiry abilities. We developed a process of making new typed programs that combined real experimental experiences with on-line games and embodied it. And, we constructed methods for experimental activities in internet-based games, science experimental teaching and learning model.
Streptomyces griseus HUT 6037 균주의 키토산분해효소에 의한 키토산 가수분해물 생산 연구
이천우,손정우,김광 동아대학교 생산기술연구소 2000 生産技術硏究所硏究論文集 Vol.5 No.2
To investigate the enzyme activity according to substrate, we used different deacetylated chitosan and CM_-chitosan as a carbon source. We found that this strain accumulated chitosanase in the culture medium containing chitosanaceous substrates instead of chitinaceous substrates. The highest chitosanaceous activity was presented at 4 days cultivation with 99% deacetylated chitosan. The 53% deacetylated chitosan was found that it can produce chitinase as well as chitosanes. It was defined as a soluble chitosan. The specific activities of chitinase and chitosanase were 0.89 and 1.33U/mg protein at 3 and 5 days, respectively. From studies of the enzymatic digestibility of various dgree of deacetylated chitosan and CM_-chitosan, the following results were obtained : chitoanase 99% deacetylated chitosan was suitable for producing the highest specific activity of chotosanase. On the other hand, CM_-chitosan was suitable for producing chitooligosaccharides of (GlcN)_1, (GlcN)_6.