Understanding Bacterial Biofilm Stimulation Using Different Methods - a Criterion for Selecting Epiphytes by Plants

Bhushan, Shashi,Gogoi, Mandakini,Bora, Abhispa,Ghosh, Sourav,Barman, Sinchini,Biswas, Tethi,Sudarshan, Mathummal,Thakur, Ashoke Ranjan,Mukherjee, Indranil,Dey, Subrata Kumar,Chaudhuri, Shaon Ray The Korean Society for Microbiology and Biotechnol 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Earlier studies by our group revealed that gallic acid in phytochemicals stimulated biofilm production in epiphytes, while caffeic acid in phytochemicals inhibited biofilm production in non-epiphytes. It is well documented that antimicrobial secretion by some epiphytic bacteria inhibits non-epiphytic bacterial growth on leaf surfaces. These selection criteria help plants choose their microbial inhabitants. Calcium and iron in phytochemicals also stimulate biofilm formation and thus, may be selection criteria adopted by plants with respect to their native epiphytic population. Furthermore, the processing of leaves during phytochemical extraction impacts the composition of the extract, and therefore its ability to affect bacterial biofilm formation. Computation of the Hurst exponent using biofilm thickness data obtained from the Ellipsometry of Brewster Angle Microscopic (BAM) images is an efficient tool for understanding the impact of phytochemicals on epiphytic and non-epiphytic populations when compared to fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and staining techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that uses the Hurst exponent to elucidate the mechanism involved in plant microbe interaction.

Understanding Bacterial Biofilm Stimulation Using Different Methods – a Criterion for Selecting Epiphytes by Plants

Shashi Bhushan,Mandakini Gogoi,Abhispa Bora,Sourav Ghosh,Sinchini Barman,Tethi Biswas,Mathummal Sudarshan,Ashoke Ranjan Thakur,Indranil Mukherjee,Subrata Kumar Dey,Shaon Ray Chaudhuri 한국미생물·생명공학회 2019 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.47 No.2

Earlier studies by our group revealed that gallic acid in phytochemicals stimulated biofilm production in epiphytes, while caffeic acid in phytochemicals inhibited biofilm production in non-epiphytes. It is well documented that antimicrobial secretion by some epiphytic bacteria inhibits non-epiphytic bacterial growth on leaf surfaces. These selection criteria help plants choose their microbial inhabitants. Calcium and iron in phytochemicals also stimulate biofilm formation and thus, may be selection criteria adopted by plants with respect to their native epiphytic population. Furthermore, the processing of leaves during phytochemical extraction impacts the composition of the extract, and therefore its ability to affect bacterial biofilm formation. Computation of the Hurst exponent using biofilm thickness data obtained from the Ellipsometry of Brewster Angle Microscopic (BAM) images is an efficient tool for understanding the impact of phytochemicals on epiphytic and non-epiphytic populations when compared to fluorescent microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and staining techniques. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report that uses the Hurst exponent to elucidate the mechanism involved in plant microbe interaction.

An improved estimation procedure of population mean using bivariate auxiliary information under non-response

Bhushan, Shashi,Pandey, Abhay Pratap The Korean Statistical Society 2019 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.26 No.4

We propose new classes of estimators of population mean under non-response using bivariate auxiliary information. Some improved regression (or difference) type estimators have been proposed in four different situations of non response along with their properties and the expressions for the bias and mean square errors of the proposed estimators are derived under double (two-stage) sampling scheme. The properties of the suggested class of estimators are studied and it is observed that the proposed estimators performed better when compared to conventional estimators proposed by Singh and Kumar (Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 140, 2536-2550, 2010b), Shabbir and Khan (Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 42, 4127-4145, 2013) and Bhushan and Naqvi (Journal of Statistics and Management Systems, 18, 573-602, 2015). A comparative study is also conducted both theoretically as well as empirically in order to support the results.

On efficient estimation of population mean under non-response

Bhushan, Shashi,Pandey, Abhay Pratap The Korean Statistical Society 2019 Communications for statistical applications and me Vol.26 No.1

The present paper utilizes auxiliary information to neutralize the effect of non-response for estimating the population mean. Improved ratio type estimators for population mean have been proposed and their properties are studied. These estimators are suggested for both single phase sampling and two phase sampling in presence of non-response. Empirical studies are conducted to validate the theoretical results and demonstrate the performance of the proposed estimators. The proposed estimators are shown to perform better than those used by Cochran (Sampling Techniques (3rd ed), John Wiley & Sons, 1977), Khare and Srivastava (In Proceedings-National Academy Science, India, Section A, 65, 195-203, 1995), Rao (Randomization Approach in Incomplete Data in Sample Surveys, Academic Press, 1983; Survey Methodology 12, 217-230, 1986), and Singh and Kumar (Australian & New Zealand Journal of Statistics, 50, 395-408, 2008; Statistical Papers, 51, 559-582, 2010) under the derived optimality condition. Suitable recommendations are put forward for survey practitioners.

Development and Characterization of Biomedical Porous Ti–20Nb–5Ag Alloy: Microstructure, Mechanical Properties, Surface Bioactivity and Cell Viability Studies

M. J. Shivaram,Shashi Bhushan Arya,Jagannath Nayak,Bharat B. Panigrahi 대한금속·재료학회 2022 METALS AND MATERIALS International Vol.28 No.3

In this study, antibacterial Ag element added to synthesis of porous Ti–20Nb–5Ag (wt%) alloy using powder metallurgy spaceholder route. The microstructural, mechanical property, surface bioactivity and cytotoxicity behavior of porous Ti–20Nb–5Ag alloy have been investigated. The developed porous alloy obtained the porosities ranging from 22.5 to 68%. The poroussample having a porosity of about 43% is found to be in the optimum condition, which possess a modulus of about 5.8 GPawith an excellent compressive strength about 205 MPa. XRD result shows that the formation of small amount of α-Ti, β-Ti,along with α ״ martensite and Ti2Agare key phase constituents of sintered porous Ti–20Nb–5Ag alloys. The compressionstrength and elastic modulus of the sintered alloys were showed that decreased with increase of porosity. Surface bioactivityresult revealed that the significant formation of hydroxyapatite on the alkali-heat treated (5 M NaOH) porous Ti–20Nb–5Agalloy which is found after the in vitro test in SBF. Further, the cell viability test was conducted on as-synthesized porousTi–20Nb–5Ag alloy for 1, 4, and 7 days using MG-63 human osteoblast cells and result shows an excellent cell proliferation,and the cytotoxicity test confirms the non-toxic nature of the porous alloy which is very much suitable for implant application.

Ultraviolet-B induced modifications in growth, physiology, essential oil content and composition of a medicinal herbal plant Psoralea corylifolia

Pandey Avantika,Agrawal Madhoolika,Agrawal Shashi Bhushan 한국원예학회 2022 Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology Vol.63 No.6

Psoralea corylifolia (bakuchi) is a traditional, medicinally important herbal plant of the family Fabaceae. In particular, seeds are vital in treating skin diseases, such as leprosy, psoriasis, and leukoderma. Global climate change and the threat of stratospheric ozone depletion are already marked, so unveiling the implications of UV-B radiation on medicinal plants is imperative. In this backdrop, the present study aimed to assess the eff ect of elevated UV-B (eUV-B; ambient + 7.2 kJ  m −2  d−1) on the content and composition of essential oils and how other factors such as growth, anatomy and photosynthetic adap- tations were involved in this. Plant growth and physiological parameters were lower under eUV-B treatment than in the control (except carotenoid and water use effi ciency). Due to eUV-B exposure, the number of racemes, fl owers and seeds reduced signifi cantly compared to their numbers in the control. The essential oil content of seeds increased by 46.4% under the eUV-B treatment compared with that in the control. The GC–MS analysis of essential oil revealed that monoterpenes decreased, whereas meroterpene and sesquiterpenes increased under eUV-B treatment as compared to control. Caryophyl- lene, caryophyllene oxide and bakuchiol (which possesses anti-cancerous and anti-infl ammatory activities) were identifi ed as major metabolites and increased under eUV-B as compared to control. The study emphasizes that under eUV-B exposure, a reduction in growth and physiology of P. corylifolia was accompanied by an increase in essential oil content, antioxidant capacity and content of medicinally important compounds.

In Vitro Anticancer Activities of Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna Indian Plants

Diab, Kawthar AE,Guru, Santosh Kumar,Bhushan, Shashi,Saxena, Ajit K Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.15

The present study was designed to evaluate in vitro anti-proliferative potential of extracts from four Indian medicinal plants, namely Anogeissus latifolia, Terminalia bellerica, Acacia catechu and Moringa oleiferna. Their cytotoxicity was tested in nine human cancer cell lines, including cancers of lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), breast (T47D and MCF-7), colon (HCT-16 and Colo-205) and leukemia (THP-1, HL-60 and K562) by using SRB and MTT assays. The findings showed that the selected plant extracts inhibited the cell proliferation of nine human cancer cell lines in a concentration dependent manner. The extracts inhibited cell viability of leukemia HL-60 and K562 cells by blocking G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Interestingly, A. catechu extract at $100{\mu}g/mL$ induced G2/M arrest in K562 cells. DNA fragmentation analysis displayed the appearance of a smear pattern of cell necrosis upon agarose gel electrophoresis after incubation of HL-60 cells with these extracts for 24h.

Characterization, isotherm and kinetic study of Phaseolus vulgaris husk as an innovative adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal

Monoj Kumar Mondal,Shalini Srivastava,Shashi Bhushan Agrawal 한국화학공학회 2016 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.33 No.2

Phaseolus vulgaris husk as a novel, very common milling agro waste, showed good performance for mutagenic Cr(VI) removal from chromium enriched aqueous solution. The study involves batch experiments to investigate the effects of influencing parameters, such as pH, temperature, contact time, initial Cr(VI) concentration, and adsorbent dose, on the adsorption process. Results showed a maximum of 99.88% removal of Cr(VI) at pH 1.16, temperature 20 oC and adsorbent dose of 6 g L−1. The adsorption equilibrium data followed the Freundlich model, suggesting a heterogeneous nature of the adsorbent surface and the correlation coefficient for pseudo-second-order kinetic model was found to be very high, showing its applicability during the adsorption process. The maximum Cr(VI) uptake capacity was 3.4317mg g−1. Thermodynamic parameters like standard free energy change (−7.175 kJ mol−1), enthalpy change (−8.29 kJ mol−1) and entropy change (0.005 kJ mol−1 K−1) revealed the spontaneous and exothermic nature of adsorption of Cr(VI) onto P. vulgaris husk. Desorption with 1mol L−1 NaOH followed by 1mol L−1 HCl was effective (92.76%) and, hence, it exhibited the possibility of recycling of used husk.

Arnebia benthamii cell suspension cultures as a source of natural red pigments: optimization of shaking speed and inoculum density to maximize process productivity during sequential scaleup

Kumar Roushan,Devi Jyoti,Kumar Dinesh,Bhushan Shashi 한국식물생명공학회 2023 Plant biotechnology reports Vol.17 No.3

Indiscriminate collection of Arnebia benthamii roots from wild for extraction of red pigments by traders prompted to put this Himalayan plant species under critically endangered category. Concerning the development of sustainable phytoconstituents sources, the present study is aimed at understanding the factors crucial for the scalability of A. benthamii cell suspension cultures. Here, the effect of orbital shaking speed (60–80 rpm) and inoculum density (5–15%) on leaf-induced cell suspension cultures during sequential scale up in shake flask (0.25–5 L) was assessed. The suspension cultures were established on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with 10 μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 5 μM indole-3-butyric acid having a 20-days cultivation cycle. The data revealed a significantly (p ≤ 0.05) high biomass productivity (523.80 ± 5.95 g/L, fresh weight) in 0.25 L vessel with 10% inoculum at 70 rpm as compared to large (5.0 L) volume flask (310.80 ± 32.85 g/L). Interestingly, the optimum inoculum density was found to vary with the size of culture vessels. Furthermore, noticeable effects of sequential scaleup with shaking speed and inoculum density were also observed on hydrogen peroxide (stress indicator) production as well as enzymatic (catalase and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity) and non-enzymatic (phenolic compounds) antioxidant potential. A. benthamii cells cultivated with optimized conditions had a significant amount of red pigment, with 669.17 ± 26.71 mg dry weight/L yield of total shikonin derivatives. In conclusion, the results clearly demonstrated the likelihood of scalability using optimized process variables for the production of natural red pigments using A. benthamii cell suspension cultures.