CIF契約에서 賣渡人의 運送書類 提供義務에 관한 比較硏究

韓祥鉉,洪善義 건국대학교 1998 학술논문집 : 건국대 대학원 Vol.46 No.1

A CIF Contract is an agreement to sell goods at the an inclusive covering the cost of the goods, insurance and freight, and the duties of a CIF Seller are, first to ship (or procure a shipment of goods in accordance with the contract and, where necessary, to appropriate such goods to the contract; secondly to procure or prepare the propertransport documents; and thirdly to tender these documents to the buyer, or as the buyer directs. So, it has been from time to time been said that a CIF Contract is not a sale of goods but a sale of document. This view is based on the rule that a CIF Seller, who has having shipped, or bought afloat goods in accordance with the contract, fulfils his part of the bargin by tendering to the buyer the proper shipping document; and on the fact the CIF Contract often provide for payment in exchange for the document. In the ordinary case of a CIF Contract, the transport documents are those documents which a seller is required to tender as a condition of obtaining payment. In the absence of any contrary provision in the contract, or a relevant trade usage or custom, a CIF seller is bound to tender three such documents: Bill of Lading (B/L) as traditional marine (or ocean) transport document, Marine Insurance and Commercial Invoice. According to, the foundamental purpose of this study is to survey and to analyze the legal characteristics of the of CIF Contract and seller's obligation to tender these transport documents to the buyer. Especially, The important thing in this study is that the author put the stress on research and analyzes of the various international trade rules that is INCOTERMS, UNCCISG, UCC, RAFTD and other regulations referred to our Civil Law.

출혈성 소화성 궤양의 장기 재발률

심기남,정훈용,양석균,홍원선,박의련,박무인,김해련,민영일 대한소화기내시경학회 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.2

Background/Aims: Bleeding from a peptic ulcer is one of the common and serious complications associated with the rate of reported mortality, which ranges from 5% to 10%. Endoscopic therapy is effective in controlling active bleeding and reducing the emer-gency surgery, the immediate mortality rate and the incidence of early rebleeding. But few recent studies have documented the long-term recurrent bleeding rate after discharge in patients with bleeding peptic ulcers. The aim of this study was to determine the long-term recurrent bleeding rate and factors predisposing to recurrent bleeding. Methods: Eighty-eight patients with bleeding peptic ulcers discharged after medical treatment between Dec. 1990 and Jul. 1992 were included in this study and retrospectively followed up with medical records and telephone interviews. The end point of follow-up was recur-rent hemorrhage, surgery for treatment of ulcer complication, or death. Results: By July 1997, retrospective follow-up was available in 76 patients. Recurrent bleeding occurred in 23 patients (30.3%) with bleeding peptic ulcers and the median follow-up period was 69 months (range, 1 ∼79 months). The estimated cumulative recurrent bleeding rate after 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 years was 11.8%, 14.5%, 19.9%, 24.2%, 27.2% and 34.2%, respectively. There was no difference between the recurrent bleeding group and the non-recurrent bleed-ing group according to age, sex, prior NSAIDs use, previous history of bleeding or pepticulcer, site of ulcer, stigmata of recent hemorrhage at initial examination, method of treatment and amount of transfusion. Conclusion: Recurrent bleeding occurred in one-third of patients with bleeding peptic ulcers after 6 years of follow-up and one-third of recurrent bleeders rebled within 1 year. The factors predisposing to recurrent bleeding in the long-term follow-up could not be found. Therefore, further studies designed to identify factors predisposing to recurrent bleeding are needed and the evaluation of Helicobacter pylori status in bleeding pepic ulcer is needed because Helicobacter pylori is an important factor of peptic ulcer recurrence.

대장내시경 전처치제로서 Sodium Phosphate 와 Polyethylene Glycol 용액의 전향적 비교 분석

이헌경,김승용,홍원선,민영일,정훈용,김해련,정성애,김석균,심기남,양석균,박의련,조문경 대한소화기내시경학회 1999 Clinical Endoscopy Vol.19 No.3

Background/Aims: Although some authors have suggested that sodium phosphate (NaP) is more effective than polyethylene glycol (PEG) in bowel cleansing, there has been no crossover study proving the superiority of NaP over PEG in bowel cleansing and patients' compliance. The aim of this study was to compare the two solutions for colonoscopy, PEG and NaP, through crossover design with regard to patients' compliance, cleansing ability and side effects. Methods: Thirty patients underwent two separate colonoscopies for colonic polyp(s) with PEG and NaP, respectively. Before and after bowel preparation, blood pressure, body weight, and serum biochemical parameters were measured in all patients. In addition, a detailed questionnaire was used to assess side effects and the patients' preference. The presence of bubbles, types of residual stool, and overall quality of colon cleansing were assessed by one endoscopist blinded to the type of preparation used. In each colonoscopy, two biopsy specimens were taken at rectum. Results: In the NaP group, but not in the PEG group, there were significant changes in several biochemical parameters including sodium (+3.0±3.0 mEq/L), potassium (-0.3±0.3mEq/L), calcium (-0.5±0.5 mg/dL), phosphorus (+3.9±2.2 mg/dL) and osmolarity ( +10.1±9.3 mOsm/kg) after bowel preparation. In addition, the degree of body weight change was greater with NaP (-2.2±2.3 kg) than with PEG (-1.2±2.0 kg) (p=0.06) and the formation of bubbles that disturb luminal observation was more frequently found in the NaP group (p$lt;0.01). There was no difference, however, in the type of residual stool and the overall quality of bowel preparation between the two groups and no significant mucosal change was noted after bowel preparation in both groups. Moreover, PEG was found to be more difficult to take than NaP (p$lt;0.05) and among the 30 patients, 26 (87%) preferred NaP, while only two favored PEG (p$lt;0.01). Conclusions: We conclude that NaP can replace PEG at least in patients with good general condition. Further studies to decrease the incidence of bubbles and to establish subgroups suitable for NaP are needed.

보건소를 이용하는 지역주민의 건강 행위와 건강관련 체력간의 관계

전미양,최명애,이인숙,김태수,김의숙,박선홍 대한보건협회 2002 대한보건연구 Vol.28 No.3

The purpose of this study is to identify relationship health behavior and health related physical fitness in order to provide the basic data for health promotion program for community people. The study was conducted 299 people, during the period from June 1, 2000 to October 30, 2000. The result are as follows. 1. Female comprised was 63.2%(189), while male comprised 36.8%(110). The age range of the subject were from 21 to 59 years old. The subject were aged 30s group 52.5%, 40s group 29.1%, 50s group 12.7%, 20s group 5.7%. Twenty subjects (6.7%) had experience smoking and one subject (0.3%) in female and nineteen subjects (6.4%) in male. Seventy-five subjects (25.1%) had experience drinking and twenty-nine subjects (9.7%) in female, and forty-six (15.4%) in male subjects. ninety-nine subjects had exercise and sixty subjects (20.1%) in female subjects and thirty-mine subject (13%) in male. 2. Body fat and flexibility were higher in female than male subjects, but cardioresperatory endurance, muscular strength and muscular endurance were higher in male than female subjects. 3. There were significant differences in body fat and muscular endurance between age group in both gender subjects, and in cardioresperatory endurance and muscular strength between the age group in male subjects. 4. No significant differences health related fitness between non-smoking and smoking group in both gender subjects. 5. No significant differences health related fitness between non-alcohol and alcohol group in both gender subjects. 6. For female subjects, muscular strength, muscular endurance and flexibility of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of the non exercise group. for male subjects, cardiorespiratory endurance of the exercise group were significantly higher than those of the non exercise group.

흡연력을 고려한 궤양성 대장염 발생과 충수 절제술 사이의 상관 관계

남승우,양석균,정훈용,심기남,조병동,김승용,박의련,홍원선,민영일 大韓消化器病學會 1998 大韓消化器病學會誌 Vol.32 No.1

Numerical compliance testing of human exposure to electromagnetic radiation from smart-watches

Hong, Seon-Eui,Lee, Ae-Kyoung,Kwon, Jong-Hwa,Pack, Jeong-Ki Institute of Physics in association with the Ameri 2016 Physics in medicine & biology Vol.61 No.19

<P>In this study, we investigated the electromagnetic dosimetry for smart-watches. At present, the standard for compliance testing of body-mounted and handheld devices specifies the use of a flat phantom to provide conservative estimates of the peak spatial-averaged specific absorption rate (SAR). This means that the estimated SAR using a flat phantom should be higher than the SAR in the exposure part of an anatomical human-body model. To verify this, we numerically calculated the SAR for a flat phantom and compared it with the numerical calculation of the SAR for four anatomical human-body models of different ages. The numerical analysis was performed using the finite difference time domain method (FDTD). The smart-watch models were used in the three antennas: the shorted planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA), loop antenna, and monopole antenna. Numerical smart-watch models were implemented for cellular commutation and wireless local-area network operation at 835, 1850, and 2450 MHz. The peak spatial-averaged SARs of the smart-watch models are calculated for the flat phantom and anatomical human-body model for the wrist-worn and next to mouth positions. The results show that the flat phantom does not provide a consistent conservative SAR estimate. We concluded that the difference in the SAR results between an anatomical human-body model and a flat phantom can be attributed to the different phantom shapes and tissue structures.</P>

Survey of ERETIC2 NMR for quantification

Hong, Ran Seon,Hwang, Kyung Hwa,Kim, Suncheun,Cho, Hwang Eui,Lee, Hun Joo,Hong, Jin Tae,Moon, Dong Cheul Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2013 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.17 No.2

The ERETIC (Electronic REference To access In vivo Concentrations)2 method is a new qNMR experimental technique to measure analytes based on the signal of the reference compound without additional hardware equipment. In this study, ERETIC2 method was validated, and we sought to identify whether it would be possible to apply this method to a specific compound analysis of metabolites in plant. The $90^{\circ}$ pulse value (P1) and spin-lattice relaxation time ($T_1$) of each compound were measured for ERETIC2. The $9^1H$ of 3-(trimethylsilyl) propionic-2,2,3,3-$d_4$ acid (TSP) was used as a reference peak for ERETIC 2, and then, a suitable solvent and pulse sequence for each compound were selected. Under the NOESY-presat sequence, the relative accuracy error for quantitative analyses of primary metabolites was within the range of 5%, with the exception of glucose, which showed ${\geq}$ 55% error due to saturation. It showed excellent results for the quantification of glucose by using a $30^{\circ}$ pulse sequence, which did not suppress the water peak. In addition, the quantitative accuracy for secondary metabolites was extremely accurate, with an error ${\leq}$5% when considering the purity of the standard sample. The ERETIC2 method showed outstanding linearity, precision, and accuracy.

Preamplifier Design with Wide Bandwidth using InGaP/GaAs HBT for 10 Gbps Photoreceiver Module

Hong Seon-eui,Nam Eun-Soo,Kim Sung-IL,Lim Jong-Won 한국물리학회 2004 THE JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSICAL SOCIETY Vol.45 No.3

We report a preamplier with wide bandwidth using high-speed and reliable InGaP/GaAs HBT applicable for 10-Gbps photoreceiver modules. The three-stage preamplier with a negative feedback resistor demonstrates an eective transimpedance gain of 43 dB , a {3-dB bandwidth of 14 GHz corresponding to a very high transimpedance-bandwidth product of 2.52 THz , and an output return loss of {18 dB up to {3-dB bandwidth. This compact circuit is fabricated with an area of 800 700 m2. A photoreceiver module of surface-mountable package type, that is composed of preamplier and photodiode of surface-illumination type, demonstrates an optical bandwidth of 7.5 GHz at = 1.55 m and a 45-psec rise/fall time for 10-Gbps. The module shows higher sensitivity for a 10-Gbps optical transmission system.

A Study on the Tradeshow Application Strategies of Korean Trade Firms

Hong.Seon Eui 한국무역상무학회 2011 貿易商務硏究 Vol.52 No.-

The economic globalization has contributed the easy interchangeability of goods and services worldwide and consequently this tendency gives a great impetus to the expansion of exhibition. Nowadays there is no dispute that the exhibition industry contains Export Marketing, Sales, Market Research and New product launching. This paper is trade show strategy use for export firms. Therefore, paper discusses theory of exhibition, character and utility. Moreover study to basic strategy of participate in Trade show. Participate in Trade show strategies are several point. First, Trade show goal accord to firm’s purpose. Second, Devise of trade show competition strategy. Third, Support of government and relevant agency. forth, Trade Show insurance.

A new approach to quantify paraquat intoxication from postmortem blood sample by using ¹H qNMR method

Hong, Ran Seon,Cho, Hwang Eui,Kim, Dong Woo,Woo, Sang Hee,Choe, Sanggil,Kim, Suncheun,Hong, Jin Tae,Moon, Dong Cheul Korean Magnetic Resonance Society 2013 Journal of the Korean Magnetic Resonance Society Vol.17 No.1

For a case study of suspected paraquat intoxication, we developed a simple and rapid method of $^1H$ qNMR to determine the mili-molar amount of paraquat in postmortem blood samples. There were no interfering signals from endogenous compounds in the chemical shift of paraquat and diquat (internal standard). The amount of sample used ranged from 0.25 mM to 10.0 mM. Diquat, which has similar physicochemical properties with paraquat, was chosen as an internal standard. The NMR experimental conditions, relaxation delay time and CPMG spin-echo pulse sequence were optimized. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, accuracy, precision, matrix effect, recovery, limit of detection (LOD), and low limit of quantification (LLOQ). The proposed qNMR method provided a simple and rapid assay for the identification and quantification of the quaternary ammonium herbicide, "paraquat" in postmortem blood samples. This method was tested by using the blood from the heart of a man who was intoxicated with paraquat. In this particular case, the level of paraquat was 1.07 mM in the blood. For the determination of quaternary ammonium herbicides, qNMR could also be used to provide a better understanding of the currently available techniques.