초보간호사의 이직의도 경험

이세영 ( Se Young Lee ),오은진 ( Eun Jin Oh ),성경미 ( Kyung Mi Sung ) 경희대학교 동서의학연구소 2013 동서간호학연구지 Vol.19 No.2

간호사의 이직률 증가는 양질의 숙련된 간호 인력확보에 큰 지장을 초래하며 무엇보다 전문직 발전을 저해하고 환자 간호의 질을 떨어뜨릴 수 있는데 우리나라 간호사의 이직률은 적정 이직률보다 훨씬 높고 이러한 현상은 병원에 남아 있는 간호사의 업무를 가중시키고 사기를 저하시켜 이들도 이직의도를 갖게 되거나 이직을 하게 되는 악순환을 유발하고 있다(Moon & Han, 2011). 이직의도와 이직률이 동일하지는 않지만 높은 이직의도는 이직률로 이어질 가능성이 높으므로 이러한 맥락에서 숙련된 간호 인력의 확보와 사회적 문제로 부각되고 있는 간호사 인력난 해소를 위해 초보간호사의 이직의도 경험을 확인함은 중요한 의미가 있을 것으로 생각된다.본 연구 대상인 초보간호사는 이직의도는 평균 14.5점(평점 3.6점)으로 일반 간호사(평균경력 8.8년)를 대상으로 한 Han 등(2010)의 2.9점보다 높고 본 연구 대상자와 같은 초보단계에 있는 간호사를 대상으로 한 Park (2002)의 3.5점과는 비슷한 수준이었다. 이는 이직의도가 초보간호사 단계에서 높음을 뒷받침하는 결과였으며 Er 등(2004)이 경력별로 이직의도를 살펴본 결과 2년 미만의 초보간호사가 가장 이직의도가 높았던 것과도 일치하는 것이다. 연구 대상자의 일반적 특성은 대부분 이직의도에 차이를 보였는데 이는 몇 몇 선행연구에서 나이가 25-29세, 연봉이 낮을수록, 교육 정도가 낮을수록, 임상 경력이 1-3년인 경우, 평간호사, 3교대 근무를 하는 군에서 이직의도가 높았다고 보고한 것과 비교해 볼 때 연령, 경력, 근무형태 등 대부분이 일치하였다(Cho, 2012; Lee & Yoo, 2011). 기타 본 연구 결과에서 26세까지 이직의도가 높아지다가 27세 이상에서 이직의도가 낮아지는 것으로 나타났는데 이는 연령과 이직의도가 단순한 부적 관계가 아니라 일정 연령까지는 이직의도가 증가하다가 그 이후에 이직의도가 감소된다고 보고한 Kim과 Park (1995)의 연구 결과와 일치하는 것이다. 본 연구에서 총 임상경력과 근무부서 만족정도에서 이직의도에 유의 차이가 있었고 경력 1년 이상에서 통계적으로 유의하게 이직의도가 높은 것으로 나타나 앞으로 인력관리 방안에 이를 적극 고려할 수 있을 것으로 보인다. 특히 경력 1년 이상인 초보단계 간호사를 대상으로 문제해결 능력 증진을 위한 지속적인 교육과 적극적인 위기 상담이 이루어진다면 조직 적응력 향상 및 이직률 감소에 일부 기여할 수 있을 것이다. 또한 초보 간호사가 전문직업인으로 성장하고 간호직에 대한 만족감을 높여 갈 수 있도록 체계적인 지원프로그램을 개발하여 적용할 필요가 있으며 이는 간호사의 이직률을 감소시키고 지속적으로 직업적 성장을 이루어 가도록 도와주는 한 방안이 될 수 있다. 특히 초보단계의 간호사는 발달기적으로 성인기 작되는 아직 정신 심리적으로 미숙한 시기이고, 다른 경력자에 비해 전문성을 기르기 위한 지원과 교육이 많이 필요로 되는 단계로 기존의 경력 간호사에 비해 중재 효과가 더 클 수 있다.본 연구 대상인 초보간호사들이 간호직에 대해 이직의도를 가졌던 경험내용으로는 대인관계 스트레스가 가장 많았고 직접 간호수행 능력 부족, 비간호 업무에 대한 부담 등이 있었다. 이러한 내용은 Park과 Chun (2008)이 신규간호사는 간호수행 능력의 부족이나 간호조직 내 인간관계 갈등이 이직의도를 가졌던 주된 이유였다고 보고한 것과 일치하는 것이고, Lee와 Kim (2008)의 임상간호사의 이직경험에 관한 연구에서 동료들과의 미성숙한 대인관계는 직업에 대한 만족감을 떨어뜨리고 이러한 스트레스는 이직을 고려하게 되는 변인으로 작용한다고 보고한 것과 일치하는 것이다. 또한 Son, Koh, Kim과 Moon (2001)이 질적 연구에서 신규간호사들이 실무에 적응할 때 힘들어 하는 주된 문제를 간호수행능력부족과 인간관계에서의 자아존중감 손상으로 인한 부적응이라고 보고한 것과도 일부 유사한 결과라 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 나타난 이직의도 경험은 선행연구와 달리 포괄적인 내용을 제시하고 있는데, 본 연구대상자는 복합 업무의 부담을 가장 많이 보고하였고, 대인관계 스트레스의 주된 이유로 상사나 동료와의 등을 지적하였다. 이는 근무부서 불만족의 구체적인 이유로 과중한 업무부담과 대인관계와 관련된 불만 등을 서술한 결과와도 연결되며 따라서 이직의도를 낮추기 위해서는 근무지 불만족의 요인을 파악하여 근무지에 만족할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이 중요하다고 생각한다. 기타 다른 연구에서는 보고되지 않았던 새로운 경험내용으로 간호직에 대한 회의감이 있었는 데 Oh, Lee와 Sung (2013)의 일 연구에서 전문직 자아개념이 높을 때 이직의도가 낮은 것으로 나타나 초보간호사의 전문직 자아개념을 높이는 중재프로그램이 간호직 회의감을 낮추는 방법이 될 수 있으리라 사료된다.한편 본 연구 대상자들은 대인관계 요소 이외의 간호직에 계속 종사하기 위해 개선해야 할 내용으로 보수를 가장 중요하게 여겼다. 이는 Jeon과 Kim (2010)의 연구에서 지방 중소병원 간호사의 이직 결정이유 중 가장 높은 비율을 차지하는 것이 불합리한 급여수준이라고 보고하였고 Kim과 Chung (2008)은 연구에서 간호사의 직무만족에 보수가 영향을 끼침을 보고한 것과 유사한 결과였다. 다음으로 본 연구에서는 간호직 계속 종사를 위해 개선해야 할 내용으로 업무량, 업무환경, 복지시설, 간호사의 위상 순으로 높게 나타났으며 이는 An (2012)의 중소병원 간호사를 대상으로 한 연구에서 이직계획 이유로 보수, 간호업무량, 복리후생, 교대근무, 업무환경 순으로 보고한 것과 비교해 볼 때 보수, 업무량, 복지, 업무환경 등 대부분이 일치하였다. 또한 Lee와 Kim (2008)의 임상간호사의 이직경험에 관한 연구에서도 개인적 문제뿐만 아니라 간호사의 전문성을 저해하는 열악한 근무환경 등의 문제로 이직하였다고 보고하여 본 연구 대상자들이 업무환경과 함께 간호전문직의 위상을 개선해야 할 내용으로 요구한 것과도 일부 일치하였다. 그러므로 초보 간호사의 이직률을 낮추기 위해서 간호사의 업무특성을 고려한 합당한 대우와 적정한 보상이 주어지는 것이 필요하다고 사료된다. This study was aimed to explore turnover intention of novice nurses. Methods: This study was an exploratory survey including quantitative and qualitative components. Qualitative data were obtained from an open survey question in the survey and analyzed using the method of content analysis. The data were collected from 245 nurses with less than three years experience at six general hospitals. Results:The early stage nurses scored an average of 14.5 (±3.31) in turnover intention. Fourteen themes were identified in turnover intention experiences of early stage nurses, and each theme was divided into five categories: interpersonal relationship stress (33.7%), being regretful for choosing a nursing career (21.6), A feeling of low competency for direct nursing care (19.8), dissatisfaction with the welfare of the hospital (13.0), Increased extra-work burden (11.9). The participants requested for improvement in the following conditions to continue a nursing career descending order in priority: wage (3.6±1.50), work load (3.0±1.83), work environment (2.8±1.63), welfare facilities (1.4±1.53),the status of nurse (1.2±1.57), etc. Conclusion: These findings are helpful for the development of intervention strategies to decrease turnover intention of early stage nurses.

비복신경이식을 이용한 긴 거리의 말초신경 결손부 수복

이종호,이세영,김명진,이은진,안강민,김성민,최원재,명훈,황순정,서병무,최진영,정필훈 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.2

The surgery of oral and maxillofacial area poses the risk of cranial nerve damage such as trigeminal nerve or facial nerve. Inferior alveolar nerve is prone to damage in the third molar extraction, implant installation, orthognathic surgery, open reduction and rigid fixation, and tumor ablation surgery. On the other hands,facial nerve is likely to be damaged or sacrificed with trauma or parotidectomy. In case of inferior alveolar nerve injury, the incidence is reported to be about 1.3%. The nerve function will almost recover in minimal damage, but it won't recover at last in total damage of a part of nerve unit. In latter cases, nerve regeneration in intended by allograft as nerve substitute or various route of merve condit. But the recovery with autograft is believed to be most relialbe mrthod in the rapair of long-span(longer than 15㎜)nerve defect. We have performed autologous sural nerve graft in the repair of nerve defect, which is caused by resection of benign or malignant tumor. Hereby we report the method of nerve harvesting, recovery of defected peripheral nerve and the complications of donor site with the discussion of sural nerve anatomy.

혈액 및 비장조직에서 일산화탄소 헤모글로빈 농도에 관한 연구 : A Comparison of CO-Hb in Blood and Spleen Specimens

이진훈,오세진,김유나,이진숙,유재훈,장성길 內務部 國立科學搜査硏究所 2001 國立 科學 搜査 硏究所 年報 Vol.33 No.-

하치조신경 및 설신경 손상 평가를 위한 한국인 정상 성인의 하순-이부 및 혀의 감각 조사

이종호,이세영,송승일,이은진,안강민,김성민,명훈,황순정,서병무,최진영,정필훈,김명진 大韓顎顔面成形再建外科學會 2003 Maxillofacial Plastic Reconstructive Surgery Vol.25 No.2

In the head and neck area, there are so many sensory nerves, which are sometimes injuried iatrogenically or inadvertently so that involved patients complained of the loss of sensations. In such cases, it is important to judge the degree of injuries and regeneration of nerve for better diagnosis and treatment. Seddon and Sunderland's classification, which is commomly used, is focused on histological change and nerve conduction. As times goes by, it is difficult to access patient's sensory disturbance by this method. Until now, so many methods such as contract threshold, direction, two-point discrimination, pin prick, thermal discrimination and current perception threshold have been introduced for sensory evaluation. However, there hasn't been enough information regarding each methodology nor integrated standard methodology for the measurement. the purpose of this study is to get Korean adult normative sensory values of lower lip,chin and tongue using modified methods of contact thershold, ditection, two point discrimination, pin prick, thermal discrimination and assess degree of regeneration of sensory nerve damage.

복강경하 대장절제술을 시행 받는 환자에서 라모세트론과 온단세트론외 술 후 오심 및 구토 예방 효과 비교

김효중;어전영;어근무;어정한;엄세훈;조광래;김명훈 인제대학교 2011 仁濟醫學 Vol.32 No.-

Objectives : We evaluated the efficacy of ramosetron and ondansetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in laparoscopic colectomy. Methods and Materials : Eighty patients who received laparoscopic colectomy were randomly divided into two groups: R group (ramosetron 0.1mg PO) and O group (ondansetron 4mg twice IV). Injection or oral medication was administered before the induction of anesthesia in each group. Injection was administered at the end of surgery in O group. General anesthesia was induced using propofol and rocuronium, and maintained with sevoflurane, remifentanil and air (FiO2 0.5), We investigated the incidences of PONV in each group by the Rhodes index of nausea, vomiting and retching (RINVR) at postoperative 6 and 24 hours. Results : The incidence of PONV was not different between group at each time points after surgery (at postoperative 6 hours: 20% in group R, 17.5% in group 0, at postoperative 24 hours; 12.5% in group R, 7.5% in group 0). There was no difference in the severity of PONV, satisfaction, rescue drug usage. Conclusion : Prophylactic therapy with ramosetron is as effective as conventional prophylactic therapy with ondansetron for preventing PONV in general anesthesia for laparoscopic colectomy.

체간안정화 훈련이 만성 뇌졸중 환자의 호흡기능에 미치는 효과

이경진(Kyeong-Jin Lee),정주현(Ju-Hyeoun Jeong),조명래(Myeong-Rae Jo),김세윤(Se-Yoon Kim),김난수(Nan-Soo Kim) 대한심장호흡물리치료학회 2019 대한심장호흡물리치료학회지 Vol.7 No.1

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of trunk stability training on improving trunk control, respiratory function, and respiratory muscle activation in stroke patients. Methods : The subjects were assigned to two groups: the intervention group (n=15) and the control group (n=15). Both groups participated in a conventional stroke rehabilitation program, but the intervention group also received trunk stability training for 30 minutes a day, 3 times a week, for 6 weeks. The main trunk stability exercise consisted of the dead bug exercise. Trunk control was assessed using a trunk impairment scale, and respiratory function (pulmonary function and respiratory muscle function) was assessed using spirometry. The data were analyzed using the Pearson correlation, independent t-test, and paired t-test. Results : Trunk control was significantly positively correlated with pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength. Both groups showed a significant increase in trunk control and respiratory function. Conclusion : This study demonstrated that a conventional stroke rehabilitation program and trunk stability training have positive effects on respiratory function and respiratory muscle activation in stroke patients.

Effects of dietary supplementation of Pediococcus pentosaceus strains from kimchi in weaned piglet challenged with Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica

송동철,Ji Hwan Lee,Kangheung Kim,오한진,Jae Woo An,Se Yeon Chang,조현아,Sehyun Park,Kyeongho Jeon,Yohan Yoon,유윤정,Younghyun Cho,Jin Ho Cho 한국축산학회 2023 한국축산학회지 Vol.65 No.3

Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Salmonella enterica (SE) infections in pigs are major source associated with enteric disease such as post weaning diarrhea. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of Pediococcus pentosaceus in weaned piglets challenged with pathogen bacteria. In Experiment.1 90 weaned piglets with initial body weights of 8.53 ± 0.34 kg were assigned to 15 treatments for 2 weeks. The experiments were conducted two trials in a 2 × 5 factorial arrangement of treatments consisting of two levels of challenge (challenge and non-challenge) with E. coli and SE, respectively and five levels of probiotics (Control, Lactobacillus plantarum [LA], Pediococcus pentosaceus SMFM2016-WK1 [38W], Pediococcus acidilactici K [PK], Lactobacillus reuteri PF30 [PF30]). In Experiment.2 a total of 30 weaned pigs (initial body weight of 9.84 ± 0.85 kg) were used in 4 weeks experiment. Pigs were allocated to 5 groups in a randomized complete way with 2 pens per group and 3 pigs per pen. Supplementation of LA and 38W improved (p < 0.05) growth performance, intestinal pathogen bacteria count, fecal noxious odor and diarrhea incidence. In conclusion, supplementation of 38W strains isolated from white kimchi can act as probiotics by inhibiting E. coli and SE.

Rocuronium의 애별투여방법이 모지내전근의 이완에 미치는 영향

최영균,김승수,이원진,조광래,이상은,김영환,임세훈,이정한,이근무,정순호,김영재,신치만 인제대학교 2009 仁濟醫學 Vol.30 No.-

Objective : There are controversies in pnmmg technique of rocuronium whether it can or can't shorten the onset time. We want to compare the effects of two different priming doses and intervals of rocuronium. Materials and Methods : After giving propofol, 50 patients were randomly assigned to 5 groups. Group I received a placebo, followed 3 min later by rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg. Priming doses and intervals of Group II, Ill, N, V were 0.06 rng/kg and 2 min, 0.12 mg/kg and 2 min, 0.06 rug/kg and 3 min, 0.12 mg/kg and 3 min, respectively. Total dose of rocuronium was 0.6mg/kg. Train of four (TOF) count or ratio and 1st twitch height of TOF (T1) were monitored with 15 secondsintervals. TOF ratio of each groups just before bolus injection, duration for TOF count to reach zero and duration for Tl to reach 95% depression after bolus injection were compared. Results : Duration for TOF count to reach zero and duration for Tl to reach 95% depression after bolus injection were decreased in priming groups compared to Group 1 (P < 0.01) In group V, significant depression of TOF ratio just before bolus injection was seen (P < 0.05). Conclusion : Priming technique with rocuronium is effective method to shorten the onset of neuromuscular block. But priming dose of rocuronium itself could cause hypoxia and aspiration in awake patients and should be used carefully. Priming dose of rocuronium 0.06 mg/kg and 2 minutes interval maybe relatively safe method.

BEZ235 (PIK3/mTOR inhibitor) Overcomes Pazopanib Resistance in Patient-Derived Refractory Soft Tissue Sarcoma Cells

Kim, Hee Kyung,Kim, Sun Young,Lee, Su Jin,Kang, Mihyeon,Kim, Seung Tae,Jang, Jiryeon,Rath, Oliver,Schueler, Julia,Lee, Dong Woo,Park, Woong Yang,Kim, Sung Joo,Park, Se Hoon,Lee, Jeeyun Neoplasia Press 2016 Translational oncology Vol.9 No.3

<P><I>BACKGROUND:</I> Although pazopanib treatment has become the standard chemotherapy in salvage setting for metastatic sarcoma patients, most patients progress after pazopanib treatment in 4 to 6 months. After failure to pazopanib, patients have limited options for treatment. Therefore, subsequent therapy in patients who failed to pazopanib is urgently needed and the use of patient derived cells or patient derived tumors for accompanying testing with various pharmacological inhibitors could offer additional treatment options for these patients. <I>METHODS:</I> Patient derived tumor cells were collected from ascites at the time of progression to pazopanib and a 13-drug panel was tested for drug sensitivity. We confirmed the results using <I>in vitro</I> cell viability assay and immunoblot assay. We also performed the genomic profiling of PDX model. <I>RESULTS:</I> The growth of patient derived tumor cells was significantly reduced by exposure to 1.0 μM AZD2014 compared with control (control versus AZD2014, mean growth = 100.0% vs 16.04%, difference = 83.96%, 95% CI = 70.01% to 97.92%, <I>P</I> = .0435). Similarly, 1.0 μM BEZ235 profoundly inhibited tumor cell growth <I>in vitro</I> when compared to control (control versus BEZ235, mean growth = 100.0% vs 7.308%, difference = 92.69%, 95% CI = 78.87% to 106.5%, <I>P</I> < .0001). Despite the presence of CDK4 amplification in the patient-derived tumor cells, LEE011 did not considerably inhibit cell proliferation when compared with control (control vs LEE011, mean growth = 100.0% vs 80.23%, difference = 19.77%, 95% CI = 1.828% to 37.72%, <I>P</I> = .0377). The immunoblot analysis showed that BEZ235 treatment decreased pAKT, pmTOR and pERK whereas AZD2014 decreased only pmTOR. <I>CONCLUSION:</I> Taken together, upregulation of mTOR/AKT pathway in sarcoma patient derived cells was considerably inhibited by the treatment of AZD2014 and BEZ235 with downregulation of AKT pathway (greater extent for BEZ235). These molecules may be considered as treatment option in STS patient who have failed to pazopanib in the context of clinical trials.</P>

Association between Socioeconomic Status and Altered Appearance Distress, Body Image, and Quality of Life Among Breast Cancer Patients

Chang, Oliver,Choi, Eun-Kyung,Kim, Im-Ryung,Nam, Seok-Jin,Lee, Jeong Eon,Lee, Se Kyung,Im, Young-Hyuck,Park, Yeon Hee,Cho, Juhee Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2014 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.15 No.20

Background: Breast cancer patients experience a variety of altered appearance - such as loss or disfigurement of breasts, discolored skin, and hair loss - which result in psychological distress that affect their quality of life. This study aims to evaluate the impact of socioeconomic status on the altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life among Korean breast cancer patients. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted at advocacy events held at 16 different hospitals in Korea. Subjects were eligible to participate if they were 18 years of age or older, had a histologically confirmed diagnosis of breast cancer, had no evidence of recurrence or metastasis, and had no psychological problems at the time of the survey. Employment status, marital status, education, and income were assessed for patient socioeconomic status. Altered appearance distress was measured using the NCI's cancer treatment side effects scale; body image and quality of life were measured by the EORTC QLC-C30 and BR23. Means and standard deviations of each outcome were compared by socioeconomic status and multivariate linear regression models for evaluating the association between socioeconomic status and altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life. Results: A total of 126 breast cancer patients participated in the study; the mean age of participants was 47.7 (SD=8.4). Of the total, 83.2% were married, 85.6% received more than high school education, 35.2% were employed, and 41% had more than $3000 in monthly household income. About 46% had mastectomy, and over 30% were receiving either chemotherapy or radiation therapy at the time of the survey. With fully adjusted models, the employed patients had significantly higher altered appearance distress (1.80 vs 1.48; p<0.05) and poorer body image (36.63 vs 51.69; p<0.05) compared to the patients who were unemployed. Higher education (10.58, standard error (SE)=7.63) and family income (12.88, SE=5.08) was positively associated with better body image after adjusting for age, disease stage at diagnosis, current treatment status, and breast surgery type. Similarly, patients who were married and who had higher education had better quality of life were statistically significant in the multivariate models. Conclusions: Socioeconomic status is significantly associated with altered appearance distress, body image, and quality of life in Korean women with breast cancer. Patients who suffer from altered appearance distress or lower body image are much more likely to experience psychosocial, physical, and functional problems than women who do not, therefore health care providers should be aware of the changes and distresses that these breast cancer patients go through and provide specific information and psychosocial support to socioeconomically more vulnerable patients.