Investigation of the April 2000 forest fire damage in Kang-won Province, Korea, using RADARSAT data

Kang, Sung Chul,Seo, Jin Won,Lee, Tae Hee,Park, Sang Eun,Hong, Suk Young,Moon, Wooil M. 대한원격탐사학회 2000 International Symposium on Remote Sensing Vol.16 No.1

The series of forest Fires in Kangwon Province in April, 2000, were one of the mast serious ones in the Kang-won Province in recent years. The fire damaged areas are extensive and this paper investigates the utility of the satellite image data, particularly the RADARSAT SAR data. One of the main objectives of this study included evaluation of potential usefulness of the C-band RADARSAT data in the detection of forest fires in mountainous areas. Among several fire damaged sites, the area near Samchuk (city) was selected as the main study area and mufti-temporal RADARSAT(raw) data were acquired and the processed results were comparatively investigated with the IRS-1c data acquired shortly after the fire. To identify the burnt area from the undamaged background in the optical imagery, supervised classification and NDVI processing were carried out and tested with the IRS-1C data. For this experiment, several sets of raw RADARSAT standard and Fine mode (S4, F3, ascending orbit) data were processed and the final image was formed. In addition to the final image, sigma nought (σ°) was catnputed and compared for the burnt area against the undamaged areas. Because of the steep slopes in the study area and subsequent deviation from the flat surface scattering models, the fire scars in the sigma nought (σ°) image were not apparent. However, fire scars are slightly detected in the difference and ratio images obtained from the signal intensity data acquired at different dates (bath before and after fire). Texture analysis of the image data including the burnt areas were carried out using the Multiplicative Markov Random-Field (MMRF) algorithm. The detection of the fire damaged area from both standard mode and fine mode RADARSAT was not as straightforward as in optical data. However, Previous studies with ERS-1 S_AR and RADARSAT data in Indonesia and in the North American Plains indicate that C-band SAR data provide us with an effective tool for studying the forest fire damages. However, the application of C-band SAR data to the analysis of the forest fire areas requires careful processing of the data with realistic scattering models.

한국인 직무 스트레스 측정도구의 개발 및 표준화

장세진,고상백,강동묵,김성아,강명근,이철갑,정진주,조정진,손미아,채창호,김정원,김정일,김형수,노상철,박재범,우종민,김수영,김정연,하미나,박정선,이경용,김형렬,공정옥,김인아,김정수,박준호,현숙정,손동국 大韓産業醫學會 2005 대한직업환경의학회지 Vol.17 No.4

Background and Purposes: Over the past three decades, numerous studies performed in Korea have reported that job stress is a determinant risk factor for chronic diseases and work disability. Every society has its own culture and occupational climate particular to their organizations, and hence experiences different occupational stress. An occupational stress measurement tool therefore needs to be developed to estimate it objectively. The purpose of this study is to develop and standardize the Korean Occupational Stress Scale (KOSS) which is considered to be unique and specific occupational stressors in Korean employees. Subjects and Methods: Data were obtained from the National Study for Development and Standardization of Occupational Stress (NSDSOS Project: 2002-2004). A total of 12,631 employees from a nationwide sample proportional to the Korean Standard Industrial Classification and the Korean Standard Occupational Classification were administered. The KOSS was developed for 2 years (2002-2004). In the first year, we collected 255 items from the most popular job stress measurement tools such as JCQ, ERI, NIOSH and OSI, and 44 items derived from the a qualitative study (depth interview). Forty-three items of KOSS, in the second year, were retained for use in the final version of the KOSS by using Delphi and factor analysis. Items were scored using conventional 1-2-3-4 Likert scores for the response categories. Results: We developed eight subscales by using factor analysis and validation process: physical environment (3 items), job demand (8 items), insufficient job control (5 items), interpersonal conflict (4 items), job insecurity (6 items), organizational system (7 items), lack of reward (6 items), and occupational climate (4 items). Together they explained 50.0% of total variance. Internal consistency alpha scores were ranged from 0.51 to 0.82. Twenty-four items of the short form of the KOSS (KOSS-SF) were also developed to estimate job stress in the work setting. Because the levels of the subscales of occupational stress were gender dependent, gender-specific standard norms for both the 43-item full version and the 24-item short form using a quartile for the subscales of KOSS were presented. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that KOSS might be an appropriate measurement scale to estimate occupational stress of Korean employees. Further and more detailed study needs to be conducted to improve the validity of this scale.

정신분열병에 대한 리스페리돈의 효과 및 안정성

이민수,김용구,김영훈,연병길,오병훈,윤도준,윤진상,이철,정희연,강병조,김광수,김동언,김명정,김상훈,김희철,나철,노승호,민경준,박기창,박두병,백기청,백인호,손봉기,손진욱,양병환,양창국,우행원,이정호,이종범,이홍식,임기영,전태연,정영조,정영철,정인과,정인원,지익성,채정호,한상익,한선호,한진희,서광윤 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.1

연구목적 : 본 시험의 목적은 임상시험 시작전에 연구자들을 대상으로 PANSS Workshop을 통하여 PANSS, ESRS에 대한 국내에서의 표준화 작업을 구축하고 새로운 정신병 치료제인 리스페리돈의 효과와 안정성을 재확인하여 리스페리돈 사용에 대한 적정화를 이루는데 있다. 연구방법 : 1996년 4월부터 1996년 9월까지 국내 39개 대학병원 정신과에 입원중인 혹은 증상이 악화되어 입원하는 정신분열병 환자 377명을 대상으로 다시설 개방 연구를 시행하였다. 1주일간의 약물 배설기간을 가진후, 리스페리돈을 8주간 투여하였고, 기준점, 1주, 2주, 4주, 그리고 8주후에 평가되었다. 용량은 제1일에는 리스페리돈 1mg씩 1일 2회, 제2일에는 2mg씩 1일 2회, 제3∼7일에는 3mg씩 1일 2회 투여하였다. 이후 환자의 임상상태에 따라 임의로 증량할 수 있으며, 최대 일일 16mg을 초과하지 않도록 하였다. 추체외로 증상을 조절하기 위한 투약을 허용하였다. 임상증상 및 부작용의 평가는 PANSS(Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale), CGI(Clinical Global Impression) 그리고 ESRS(Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 : 377명중 343명(91%)이 8주간의 연구를 완결하였다. 치료 종결시점인 8주후 PANSS 총점수가 20% 이상 호전된 경우를 약물 반응군으로 정의할때, 약물반응군은 81.3%였다. 리스페리돈에 반응하는 예측인자로는 발병연령, 이전의 입원 횟수, 유병기간이 관련 있었다. 리스페리돈은 1주후부터 PANSS양성, 음성, 및 일반정신병리 점수상에 유의한 호전을 보여 효과가 빨랐다. CGI의 경우도 기준점에 비해 1주후부터 유의한 감소를 나타내었다. ESRS의 경우, 파킨슨 평가점수는 기준점과 비교해 투여 1주, 2주, 4주후 유의하게 증가되었다가 8주후 기준점과 차이가 없었다. Dystonia 평가점수는 1주후만 유의한 증가를 보였으며, dyskinesia 평가점수는 유의한 차이가 없었다. 혈압, 맥박수의 생명징후 및 일반 혈액학 검사, 생화학적 검사, 심전도 검사에서 유의한 변화는 없었다. 결 론 : 이상의 다시설 개방 임상 연구를 통해 리스페리돈은 정신분열병 환자에서 양성증상뿐만 아니라 음성증상 및 전반적인 증상에도 효과적인 것으로 사료된다. 보다 명확한 평가를 위해서는 다른 항정신병약물과의 이중맹검 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각되며, 또한 장기적 치료에 대한 평가도 함께 이루어져야 하겠다. Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of risperidone in the treatment of Korean schizophrenic patients. Method : This multicenter open study included 377 schizophrenic patients drawn from 39 university hospitals. After a wash-out period of 1 week, the schizophrenic patients were treated with risperidone for 8 weeks and evaluated at 5 points ; at baseline, and 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks of treatment. The dose was increased from 2mg/day(1mg twice daily) to 6mg/day(3mg twice daily) during the first week and adjusted to a maximum of 16mg/day over the next 7 weeks according to the patient's clinical response. Medication to control extrapyramidal symptoms was permitted. The psychiatric and neurological status of the patients was assessed by PANSS, CGI, and ESRS scales. Results : 343(91%) of 377 patients completed the 8-week trial period. Clinical improvement, as defined by a 20% or more reduction in total PANSS score at end point, was shown by 81.3% of patients. The predictors of response to risperidone were associated older age, shorter duration of illness, fewer previous hospitalization. Risperidone had rapid onset of action ; a significant decrease of the total PANSS and three PANSS factor(positive, negative, general), and CGI was already noticed at the end of first week. For the ESRS, parkinsonism rating scores were significantly increased until week 4 comparing with baseline. Dystonia rating scores were significantly increased until week 1, and dyskinesia rating scores were not significantly changed during the study. Laboratory parameters including vital sign, EKG, hematological, and biochemical values showed no significant changes during the trial. Conclusions : This study suggests that risperidone is generally safe and effective against both the positive and negative symptoms in our group of patients.

20세기의 명 디자인과 그 광고

강성철 용인대학교 조형연구소 2000 조형논총 Vol.5 No.-

Last 100years, which were begun in 1900 and ended in 2000, were the century of the industrialization and the manufacturing industry. During this period, there were lots of good-designed products that made human life affluently. Some of them present being re-designed continually with same function and purpose, not the present of totally new technical function with. For example, cars have re-designed keeping their functions, conveniences and show new models, as vechicles. There have been new ideal products, of course, with a technical progress. (e.g. new products that are liked with the internet) These designs of products have interacted for the consumer and the product each other with their special symbol of the culture without their formally relationship. We can see these interactions with the consumer and the product throughout their advertisement copies. After several years, through study of these advertisements, we can identify a changed reflection of consumers. After Industrial Revolution from the UK, the meaning of the new future has understood with idea of the progress, which is covered as good meaning. We have to argue this point and this will be our legacies of the aesthetics of design for our designers in our days. This study will be guided the meaning of the design of the 21c.

방광에 발생한 염증성 근섬유아세포종

강윤일,문형윤,노준,김철성 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 2007 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.32 No.1

Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of urinary bladder is a rare benign entity that clinically and radiologically simulates a malignant tumor. This benign lesion must be differentiated histoloeically from several malignant lesion of the bladder. Complete surgical excision, either by transurethral resection or partial cystectomy, appears to be curative. We report a case of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor of the urinary bladder in a 25-year-old female.

지도 활용을 통한 IDEAL학습 지도안 사례

강철성 한국지리환경교육학회 2003 한국지리환경교육학회지 Vol.11 No.1

지도는 학습정보를 장기간에 걸쳐 기억하게 해주는 기능뿐만 아니라 자연현상 및 인문현상을 비교적 짧은 시간에 비교할 수 있다. 따라서 지도는 지리학습에서 매우 중요하고, 기본적인 도구라고 볼 수 있다. 이 논문은 지도를 통하여 문제해결 능력을 배양시킬 수 있는 IDEAL 기법을 원용하여 교수-학습 지도안을 작성하였다. 이 기법은 문제확인, 정의, 탐색, 실행, 적용의 단계를 거쳐 학습자가 당면한 문제상황을 해결할 수가 있다. 이 모형을 이용하면 교사들은 교수활동을 효율적으로 설계하고, 학습자의 이해를 보다 쉽게 증진시키게 될 것이다. 뿐만 아니라 학생들의 수행평가를 수행하는데 좋은 도구가 되리라 사료된다. Maps are vital tools for use by teachers and students in the geography classroom. The purpose of this article is to develop concrete teaching programs for teachers’lesson plan and to suggest the framework which facilitates teaching methods through the maps in geography. In the IDEAL method, the first step is identification of the problem. In the classroom, problem recognition and identification are often aleady done for the students. The next step is definition of the problem. After the problem is defined, the next step is exploration of possible solution. Possibilities might range from working backward to using metaphors to brainstorming. After exploring possibility strategies, problem solver act on their ideas and look for the effects of their actions on the problem. Inherent in successful problem solving are certain predispositions representing values and attitudes that can be encouraged, modeled, and fostered by teachers. In this study, I develop geography lesson plan for the IDEAL method which is necessary to help students understand more easily. I think that this article can be a good tool for geography teachers who are going to evaluate performance assessment.

태권도 내려찍기 기술의 운동역학적 분석

강성철 용인대학교 무도연구소 2000 武道硏究所誌 Vol.11 No.1

This study is to analyze the Biomechanics characteristics of ax - kick technique in Taekwondo, Three dimensional analysis of videotaped back kick movements was conducted to figure out angular momentum, angular velocity, and muscular moment of the movement. 1. The center displacement of body in Y direction revealed the largest value, which was 83cm. The mass-center of the velocity of lower segment showed the fastest the fight during the preparing phase and the segment of leg during the flexion phase the velocity of the foot was 10.4m/s during the impact. 2. ωχ showed the peak value at the mtinimum knee angle. ωz had the positive Peak during the flexion phase and the decreased to zero level. ωy revealed the positive peak before the take off and the negative peak during the flexion phase. 3. Considering the angular momentum of lower leg, the tight. showed the maximum value in X direction during the flexion phase, the shank and the foot revealed the maximum value at the minimum knee angle. Z component of the shank had the positive changes during the take off and flexion anti Y component showed the negative changes. Z component of the foot had the positive peak during the flexion and Y component revealed the positive peak at the minimum knee angle. 4. Mχ of the lower leg had the greatest value and showed the positive peak during the take off and the negative at the minimum knee angle. The vertical component of the ground. reaction forces showed the maximum value Fz, during the preparing phase. As above, the movement direction of ax-kick showed perpendicularity with out horizontality. That with in 2nd dimension-plane movement. The changeable rate of angular momentum is be in proportion to alteration of power that turns up instantly. The life flexing movement of knee-joint showed reducing inertia moment. Conclusively, the systematical lifting movement of ax-kick which using the hip-joint, the knee-joint, the ankle-joint is the primary factor of the impact.

지구온난화의 영향과 대안에 대한 고찰

강철성 충북대학교 교육개발연구소 2011 한국교육논총 Vol.32 No.3

-본문참고-

3경간 중로식 아치교량의 풍하중에 대한 동적안전성

강성후,박선준,정철호 東新大學校 工業技術硏究所 2003 工業技術硏究 Vol.9 No.-

Recently, bridges have been momentous as not only regarding function but also concerning aesthetics. However, when beauty is considered in the design, it is also essential that stability and economics be considered. Moreover, when considering stability, an arch bridge is one of the most stable structures. The most important element is a rise ratio when regarding beauty and economics of arch bridges. Only the effect of dead load has been considered to decide the rise ratio. Therefore, in this study, when going over the rise ratio of 3-Span half through type arch bridges, I examined the problems, that the determination of the rise ratio by the dead load has, by adding the factor of a determination of optimum rise ratio, which is not only the effect of the dead load that has been currently considered but also the problem with respect to wind-resistant dynamic stability that is now taken seriously.

대농갱이 암,수의 성장 차이

강언종,이배익,조미영,손상규,김광석,김이청,방인철 한국어류학회 2003 韓國魚類學會誌 Vol.15 No.4

대농갱이는 동자개과의 담수어로 고부가가치를 창출 할 수 있는 새로운 담수 양식 대상종으로 주목받고 있으나 현재까지 성장도 등 양식에 대한 기초정보가 밝혀지지 않았으며, 본 연구에서는 인공으로 생산한 자 ? 치어를 사육하면서 암 ? 수의 성장 차이를 비교 ? 조사하였다. 암수의 정확한 성장 차이를 구명하기 위해 본 실험은 자어 초기 조직검사에 의한 조사와 치어기부터 표지법에 의한 조사로 구분하여 실시하였다. 조직학적 판별에 의한 암수간 성장비교 시험 결과 부화 후 50일까지는 수컷과 암컷의 성장차이는 없는 것으로 나타났으나, 부화 80일 후에는 수컷(체장 72.0±6.7㎜, 체중 3.71±6.7g이 암컷(체장 64.3±6.7㎜, 체중 3.71±0.99g)보다 성장이 빠른 것으로 나타나 대농갱이는 부화 후 50일에서 80일 사이에 암 ? 수의 성장차이가 시작되는 것으로 사료되었다. 부화 80일 이후 조사는 표지법이 개체 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사한 후 본 실험에 착수하였으며 표지구는 대조구와 사이에 유으적인 성장의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 개체간 성장차이는 조직학적 판별 결과와 동일한 경향으로 수컷이 암컷보다 성장이 유의적으로 빨랐으며(P<0.05), 시험 종료 후 암컷과 수컷의 크기는 수컷이 평균 체장 17.57㎝, 체중 52.19g으로 암컷의 평균 체장 11.02㎝, 체중 16.26g보다 체장은 약 1.5배, 체중은 약 3배이상 큰 것으로 나타났다(p=0.05). 체중으로 본 성장곡선은 지수성장을 보였으며, 수컷은 Y=0.0024X^(1.738)(R^(2)=0.985), 암컷은 Y=0.0405X^(1.0316)(R^(2)=0.983)의 지수식에 밀접하게 수렵되었고 성장의 차이는 사육기간이 길어질수록 크게 나타났다. The Ussurien bullhead, Leiocassis ussuriensis, of the family Bagridae has recently been targeted for freshwater culture in Korea. In this paper we investigated sexual dimorphism in body size in rearing condition using specimens produced artificially. Tissue sections of gonads were made between 20 and 80 days after hatching to identify sex of the specimens investigated. A difference in body size between sexes was not observed in fry until they were 50 days old. Male fry 80 days old had attained 81.62f7.21 ㎜ total length, and females 72.84±8.62 ㎜ total length. After 80 days the difference in body size was analysed by tagging. Applying the tag by cutting fin tips had no affect on the growth of the fishes (P< 0.05). The growth in body size of males was significantly faster (P< 0.05) than in females, and males attained about 1.5 times more in standard length and about 3 times more in body weight than females at the end of 320 days. The growth curve of body weight was exponential and the body weight was expressed by Y = 0.0024X^(1.738) (R² = 0.985) and Y = 0.0405X^(1.0316)(R² = 0.983) in male and female, respectively, observed at monthly intervals.